Cave! hic. dragones: A critique of regime analysis

Este artículo desafía la validez y utilidad del concepto de régimen en cinco apartados diferentes. Estos llevan a otros dos ámbitos secundarios (en el sentido de indirectos), pero no menos importantes, para expresar las dudas sobre si deben fomentarse más trabajos de este tipo. Los cinco apartados (o “dragones” de los que cuidarse) son: primero, que el estudio de los regímenes es en gran parte una moda pasajera, uno de esos giros en las costumbres no muy difíciles de explicar como una reacción temporal ante acontecimientos del mundo real, pero que en sí mismo tiene poco que aportar a largo plazo al conocimiento. Segundo, es un concepto vago e impreciso. Tercero, es tendencioso y peligroso como unos dados trucados. Cuarto, distorsiona al enfatizar lo estático e infravalorar el elemento dinámico de cambio en la política mundial. Y quinto, es reduccionista, anclado en un paradigma estatocéntrico que limita la visión de una realidad más ampliaThis paper challenges the validity and usefulness of the regime concept on five separate counts. These lead to two further and secondary (in the sense of indirect), but not less important, grounds for expressing the doubt whether further work of this kind ought to be encouraged. The five counts (or “dragons” to watch out for) are first, that the study of regimes is, for the most part a fad, one of those shifts of fashion not too difficult to explain as a temporary reaction to events in the real world but in itself making little in the way of a long-term contribution to knowledge. Second, it is imprecise and woolly. Third, it is value-biased, as dangerous as loaded dice. Fourth, it distorts by overemphasizing the static and underemphasizing the dynamic element of change in world politics. And fifth, it is narrow-minded, rooted in a state-centric paradigm that limits the vision of a wider realit

What theory? The theory in "Mad Money"

Mad Money (Manchester University Press, 1998) es la versión completamente reescrita y actualizada de Casino Capitalism (Blackwells, 1986). Se ha sugerido —de ambos volúmenes— que no había en ellos una teoría subyacente en la discusión de Strange sobre el sistema financiero internacional. Esto, argumenta Strange en este working paper, no es en absoluto el caso. Los dos volúmenes se sustentan, siempre implícitamente y a veces explícitamente, en los temas dominantes del trabajo de Strange desde la publicación de "International Relations and International Economics: A Case of Mutual Neglect", International Affairs, 46, (2), 1970. Se trata de tres temas: primero, una necesidad de privilegiar las políticas del sistema financiero internacional en el estudio de las relaciones internacionales; una disciplina miope desde hace mucho, concentrada en el conflicto violento y en la guerra entre estados, a expensas de todo el resto. Segundo, una necesidad de ir más alla de la teoría política y económica liberal y de reconocer el significado del "poder estructural" en el sistema internacional. Tercero, una necesidad de reconocer que las "áreas de ignorancia significativa" dentro de nuestra comprensión del rol del sistema financiero internacional en una era de revolución tecnológica y globalización son cada vez mayores. Para Strange, el poder estructural del capital no es constante y, por ende, no puede acomodarse en la lógica de la economía liberal. Así, usando la definición de "loco" del diccionario —comportamiento errático, impredecible e irracional que daña no solo a quien lo sufre sino también a otros—, tenemos, como ella dice, un "dinero loco".Mad Money" (Manchester University Press, 1998) is the completely rewritten and updated version of "Casino Capitalism" (Blackwells, 1986). It has been suggested —of both volumes— that there was no theory underlying Strange's discussion of the international financial system in them. This she argues in this Working Paper is emphatically not the case, Both volumes always implicitly, and often explicitly, are underpinned by the dominant themes that are reflected in Strange's work since the publication of "International Relations and International Economics: A Case of Mutual Neglect", International Affairs, 46 (2) 1970. These themes are threefold: Firstly a need to privilege the politics of the international financial system in the study of international relations; a discipline too long myopic in its focus on violent conflict and war between states at the expense of all else. (ii) A need to go beyond liberal political and economic theory and recognise the significance of "structural power" in the international system. (iii) A need to recognise that "the areas of significant ignorance" in our understanding of the role of the international financial system in an era of technological revolution and globalisation are becoming greater rather than smaller. For Strange, the structural power of capital is not constant and, therefore, cannot be accommodated in the logic of liberal economics. Thus, using the dictionary definition of mad —erratic, unpredictable, irrational behaviour, damaging not only to sufferers but also to others— we have, as she puts it "mad money"

What theory? The theory in mad money

Mad Money (Manchester University Press, 1998) is the completely rewritten and updated version of Casino Capitalism (Blackwells, 1986). It has been suggested--of both volumes--that there was no theory underlying Strange's discussion of the international financial system in them. This, she argues in this Working Paper, is emphatically not the case. Both volumes always implicitly, and often explicitly, are underpinned by the dominant themes that are reflected in Strange's work since the publication of 'International Relations and International Economics: A Case of Mutual Neglect', International Affairs, 46 (2) 1970. These themes are threefold: Firstly a need to privilege the politics of the international financial system in the study of international relations; a discipline too long myopic in its focus on violent conflict and war between states at the expense of all else. (ii) A need to go beyond liberal political and economic theory and recognise the significance of 'structural power' in the international system. (iii) A need to recognise that 'the areas of significant ignorance' in our understanding of the role of the international financial system in an era of technological revolution and globalisation are becoming greater rather than smaller. For Strange, the structural power of capital is not constant and, therefore, cannot be accommodated in the logic of liberal economics. Thus, using the dictionary definition of mad--erratic, unpredictable, irrational behaviour, damaging not only to sufferers but also to others--we have, as she puts it 'mad money'

Clean-up of cereal extracts for gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry pesticide residues analysis using primary secondary amine and C18

The level of co-extracted matrix in wheat and oat extracts obtained by the QuEChERS method (EN 15662) is high and the occurrence of free fatty acids generates a major matrix peak in TIC chromatograms (rt. 13-22min). Matrix can compromise the analytical performance in pesticide analysis using GC-MS/MS. In order to reduce the amount and the effects of matrix we tested the effect of using six different amounts of primary secondary amine (PSA) (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/ml extract) with and without the addition of six different amounts of C18 (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/ml extract) in the dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) procedure. dSPE clean-up using 25mg/ml extract significantly reduced the major matrix peak observed for wheat extracts. Higher amounts of PSA reduced the analytical response for iprodione and malathion. For oat extract 50-150mg PSA/ml extract was needed to obtain equally low intensity of the matrix peak. For oat the analytical responses of the target pesticides generally increased with increasing amount of PSA. C18 had no significant effect on the intensity of the major matrix peaks and even resulted in lower analytical responses for several of the target pesticides. Based on the present study it is concluded that the optimal dSPE clean-up procedure employs 25mg PSA/ml extract for wheat and 150mg PSA/ml extract for oat

¿Qué Teoría? La Teoría en Mad Money

Mad Money (Manchester University Press, 1998) es la versión completamente reescrita y actualizada de Casino Capitalism (Blackwells, 1986). Se ha sugerido —de ambos volúmenes— que no había en ellos una teoría subyacente en la discusión de Strange sobre el sistema financiero internacional. Esto, argumenta Strange en este working paper, no es en absoluto el caso. Los dos volúmenes se sustentan, siempre implícitamente y a veces explícitamente, en los temas dominantes del trabajo de Strange desde la publicación de "International Relations and  International Economics: A Case of Mutual Neglect", International Affairs, 46, (2), 1970. Se trata de tres temas: primero, una necesidad de privilegiar las políticas del sistema financiero internacional en el estudio de las relaciones internacionales; una disciplina miope desde hace mucho, concentrada en el conflicto violento y en la guerra entre estados, a expensas de todo el resto. Segundo, una necesidad de ir más alla de la teoría política y económica liberal y de reconocer el significado del "poder estructural" en el sistema internacional. Tercero, una necesidad de reconocer que las "áreas de ignorancia significativa" dentro de nuestra comprensión del rol del sistema financiero internacional en una era de revolución tecnológica y globalización son cada vez mayores. Para Strange, el poder estructural del capital no es constante y, por ende, no puede acomodarse en la lógica de la economía liberal. Así, usando la definición de "loco" del diccionario —comportamiento errático, impredecible e irracional que daña no solo a quien lo sufre sino también a otros—, tenemos, como ella dice, un "dinero loco"