Analysis of broadband records from the 28 June 1992 Big Bear earthquake: Evidence of a multiple-event source

The 28 June 1992 Big Bear earthquake occurred at 15:05:21 GMT and is considered to be an aftershock of the earlier M_w = 7.3 Landers earthquake. From overall aftershock locations and long-period focal studies, rupture is generally assumed to have propagated northeast. No surface rupture was found, however, and the mainshock locations determined from both strong motion and TERRAscope data are mutually consistent and do not lie on the assumed fault plane. Further, directivity analysis of records from the TERRAscope array suggests significant short- and long-period energy propagating northwest along the presumed antithetic fault plane. This observation is supported by significant early aftershocks distributed along both the presumed rupture plane and the antithetic plane to the northwest. An empirical Green's function (eGf) approach using both the M_w = 5.2, 28 June 1992 14:43 GMT foreshock and the M_w = 5.0 17 August 1992 aftershock produces consistent results and suggests that the Big Bear event comprised at least two substantial subevents. From the eGf results, we infer that the second and possibly a third subevent occurred on the presumed (northeast striking) mainshock rupture surface, but that significant moment release occurred on the antithetic northwest striking surface. We present results from line-source fault modeling of broadband displacement recordings of the Big Bear mainshock, which indicate that a two-fault event is necessary to produce the observed waveforms. The limitations imposed by the mainshock location and directivity analysis require that the initial rupture be towards the northwest, striking 320°. This was followed approximately 4 sec later by bilateral rupture along a northeast-southwest fault that strikes 50° east of north

The biomechanical role of the chondrocranium and sutures in a lizard cranium

The role of soft tissues in skull biomechanics remains poorly understood. Not least, the chondrocranium, the portion of the braincase which persists as cartilage with varying degrees of mineralization. It also remains commonplace to overlook the biomechanical role of sutures despite evidence that they alter strain distribution. Here, we examine the role of both the sutures and the chondrocranium in the South American tegu lizard Salvator merianae. We use multi-body dynamics analysis (MDA) to provide realistic loading conditions for anterior and posterior unilateral biting and a detailed finite element model to examine strain magnitude and distribution. We find that strains within the chondrocraniumare greatest during anterior biting and are primarily tensile; also that strain within the cranium is not greatly reduced by the presence of the chondrocraniumunless it is given the same material properties as bone. This result contradicts previous suggestions that the anterior portion (the nasal septum) acts as a supporting structure. Inclusion of sutures to the cranium model not only increases overall strain magnitudes but also leads to a more complex distribution of tension and compression rather than that of a beam under sagittal bending

Patient Satisfaction in Physical Therapy: Concurrent Comparison of Two Instruments in Outpatient Settings

Background Despite emphasis on patient centred healthcare, healthcare professionals have been slow to use validated measurements of patient satisfaction in physiotherapy practice. The aim of this cross sectional survey was to measure patient satisfaction with private physiotherapy in Ireland, for patients with musculoskeletal pain, using a previously validated survey instrument. Methods A multidimensional patient satisfaction questionnaire \u27PTOPS\u27, which assesses patient satisfaction with outpatient physiotherapy treatment, was translated from American English to European English, and relevant demographic and global satisfaction items were included. This was then circulated to patients with musculoskeletal pain (n = 240) for anonymous completion and return to the research team. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v.12). Results In total 55% (n = 131/240) of questionnaires were returned. Just over half of the respondents were male (53.4%, n = 70), with a mean age (SD) of 37.7 years (12.4), and had previous experience of physiotherapy (65.6%, n = 86). The most common site of musculoskeletal pain was spinal (51.5% n = 66). The mean (SD) number of treatments was 8.3 (8.3), at a mean total cost (SD) of €350.2 (€322.8). The \u27PTOPS\u27 questionnaire categorised and scored satisfaction items under four domains, Enhancer, Detractor, Location and Cost. The mean score (SD), optimum score, and scoring range for each domain were: \u27Enhancer\u27 41.2 (3.8), 50, 10–50; \u27Detractor\u27 19.4 (4.4), 10, 10–50; \u27Location\u27 28.0 (4.1), 35, 7–35; \u27Cost\u27 18.9 (2.8), 7, 7–35. Overall satisfaction with physiotherapy experience was scored on a five-point scale excellent to poor , with a modal response of Very Good (42%; n = 55). Conclusion This study measured patient satisfaction with private physiotherapy treatment for musculoskeletal pain in Ireland using a previously validated outcome measure and provides a template for future studies of this increasingly important topic. Results demonstrated high levels of satisfaction with all components of physiotherapy treatment, except cost, and provided valuable patient feedback regarding their physiotherapy treatment for musculoskeletal pain. Results can be used by physiotherapists to improve future patient experiences with a view to improving patient attendance and compliance with physiotherapy treatment protocols for patients with musculoskeletal pain

A Racial Impact Analysis of HB 869/SB 274

Virginia is growing. Between 1990 and 2000, Virginia’s population rose by over 14% - the largest population growth experienced by the state in a single decade (Pollard, 2007). And the state continues to grow. It has been estimated that by 2030, Virginia’s total population may exceed 9.8 million people (Pollard, 2007). Along with population growth, land development has increased which in turn affects transportation, housing and job placement across the Commonwealth. In fact, in many parts of the state, development has outpaced population growth. According to Pollard, “If current patterns continue, Virginia will develop more land in the next 40 years than in the previous 400 years (p.8).” In an effort to curb sprawling development and decrease transportation expenditure, the Virginia General Assembly passed House Bill 3202 in 2007. One major outcome of this multifaceted legislation was the introduction of mandatory Urban Development Areas (UDAs). The goal of UDAs was for localities to concentrate growth and development in order to reduce the cost of transportation and increase opportunities to build multi-use developments and expand affordable housing. In 2012, the General Assembly passed House Bill 869 and Senate Bill 274 which effectively make UDAs no longer mandatory but optional for all localities in the Commonwealth. In this paper, we analyze the racial impact and explore the political history of HB 869/SB 274 while addressing the larger issue of sprawl across the Commonwealth. Smart Growth policies are known to positively impact the environment but they also positively impact low-income and minority communities by increasing access to housing, transportation and ultimately jobs. The story behind Urban Development Areas in the Commonwealth is one of politics and regulation but issues as critical as housing, transportation and job access should be focused much more on the citizens of the Commonwealth. The friction created by the UDA policy between the localities and the state has the potential to spark a statewide conversation about land use and more importantly - the need for people-centered solutions to a growing problem

The Accuracy of Referral for Portable Lipid Analyzers in an Old Order Mennonite Population

The primary purposes of this study were to: 1) examine the accuracy for referral of two portable lipid analyzers (PLAs) in an old order Mennonite population through a comparison to a national standardized reference laboratory, 2) examine the relationship of total cholesterol values with other known cardiovascular risk factors, and 3) foster the continued participatory model of health care service in this community. The self-selected sample was composed of 42 adult members of an old order Mennonite community residing in south central Kentucky. A descriptive correlational design was used in this study. There were clinically relevant variations in the total cholesterol and LDL-C in both of the analyzers. Additionally, there was a correlation between total cholesterol values and age. The study also facilitated the participatory model used with this community previously as the community members assisted in planning, implementing, and evaluating this project

Preparing Humanities Students for Employment: Reimagining Career Exploration and Education through Ignatian Spirituality and Discernment

Graduate students in the humanities are hungry for career exploration as they face limited academic career options and feel called to work beyond the academy. Career preparation is typically left to graduate advisors, and then, the focus tends to be on academic career preparation. This article details how a required, introductory graduate class was reimagined to integrate career exploration using a framework at the heart of Ignatian spirituality and education: discernment. The authors outline the course and two assignments that can be adapted and applied to any graduate course. The authors share reflections on how the class has impacted their own professional and personal formation, and they end with heuristics for educators to use when preparing to teach similar graduate courses

Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Buprenorphine for the Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a condition affecting newborns exposed to an opioid in utero. Symptoms of NAS include excessive crying, poor feeding, and disordered autonomic control. Up to 2/3 of infants will require pharmacologic therapies to reach symptom control. Opioids including morphine and methadone are the current first-line treatments. Buprenorphine is being investigated as a treatment of NAS. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of BUP in infants with NAS. Poster presented at American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (ASCPT) 2017 Annual Meeting, March 15-18, 2017 in Washington DC.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/petposters/1004/thumbnail.jp

Development of Age Determination Methods, Life History/Population Dynamics Information, and Yield-per-Recruit Simulation Modeling to Evaluate the Potential for Growth and Recruitment Overfishing of weakfish, Cynoscion regali, in the Chesapeake Bay

The weakfish, Cynoscion regalis, supports large recreational fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay region, where it has historically shown large fluctuations in abundance. Although many studies have been conducted on this species in this region over the last 50 years or more, directed studies commencing at least as early as Nesbit (1954) and Massmann et al. (1958), little information has existed to support yield modeling and wise management. The present study was undertaken to provide basic life history/population dynamics information and yield modeling needed to wisely manage this species in the Chesapeake Bay region, and to evaluate the role that fishing plays in their fluctuations. Accordingly, the basic objectives of the present study were threefold: 1) To develop validated methods of age determination required to conduct basic life history/population dynamics studies, 2) To develop basic life history/population dynamics information required to conduct yield modeling and to provide a background against which modeling can be interpreted, and 3) To conduct, as feasible, yield-per-recruit and eggsper- recruit modeling needed to evaluate growth overfishing, recruitment potential, and to provide advice for wise management