Multivariate Analysis on Cranium Measurements of Three Breeds of Goat in Central Java

The purposes of this study were to 1) identify the size and shape of cranium of three breeds ofCentral Java local goats (Kejobong, Kacang and Ettawa Grade), 2) examine the effectiveness ofmultivariate analysis of cranial measurement and 3) estimate genetic distance among three local breedsof goat. The material used was cranium from female Kejobong, Kacang and Ettawa Grade goats, agedfor about 4 years (determined on the basis based on eruption of teeth), the number of specimens were30; 10 and 10, respectively. Twenty seven cranial measurements used to data observed, multivariateanalysis of GLM, CANDISC, PRINCOMP and DISCRIM were used to analysis all data observed.UPGMA of MEGA 5 was used to illustrate the distance among breeds. Results showed that EttawaGrade tended to show the largest size, followed by Kejobong and Kacang goats. Kejobong goat showedsmall cranium size with large cranium shape. Different things was found in Kacang goats in whichcranium size and cranium shape are relatively small. Kacang breed showed the smaller size (PrincipalComponent I or PC-1 = -2) compared to Ettawa Grade (PC-I = 3) and Kejobong goat (PC-I = -1).Analysis for classifying three breeds of local goat resulted in high accuracy (100%) as indicated by 0%of erroneous level (0%). Kejobong goat was close to in the genetic relationship to Kacang goatcompared to Ettawa Grade goat

Guided Act and Feel Indonesia (GAF-ID) – Internet-based behavioral activation intervention for depression in Indonesia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Depression is a leading cause of disease burden across the world. However, in low-middle income countries (LMICs), access to mental health services is severely limited because of the insufficient number of mental health professionals available. The WHO initiated the Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP) aiming to provide a coherent strategy for closing the gap between what is urgently needed and what is available in LMICs. Internet-based treatment is a promising strategy that can be made available to a large number of people now that Internet access is increasing rapidly throughout the world. The present study will investigate whether such an Internet-based treatment for depression is effective in Indonesia.  Methods: An Internet-based behavioral activation treatment, with support by lay counselors who will provide online feedback on the assignments and supportive phone contact to encourage participants to work in the program (Guided Act and Feel Indonesia/GAF-ID), is compared to an online-delivered minimal psychoeducation without any support (psychoeducation/PE). Initial assessment for inclusion is based on a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of at least 10 and meeting criteria for major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder as assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5). Participants with depression (N=312) will be recruited and randomly assigned to GAF-ID or PE. Overall assessments will be done at baseline, post intervention (10 weeks from baseline) and follow-ups (3 months and 6 months from baseline). The primary outcome is the reduction of depression symptoms as measured by the PHQ-9 after 10 weeks from baseline.  Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first study in Indonesia that examines the effectiveness of an Internet-based intervention for depression in a randomized controlled trial. The hope is that it can serve as a starting point for bridging the mental health gap in Indonesia and other LMICs. Trial registration: Nederlands Trial Register ( www.trialregister.nl ): NTR5920 , registered on 1 July 2016

Mekanisasi Pencetak Kue Kacang

Peanut cake is one of the typical Indonesian pastries which includes the most popular cakes by Indonesian people including the people of the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. The process of processing peanut cakes through several stages, namely the processing of peanuts, the printing of bean cake dough. The current method of printing peanut cakes is still manually using one by one as a tool to print the bean cake. The purpose of this study is to design and make a bean cake printing tool that is capable of printing 20 bean cakes in one process. The stages in making this bean cake printing device start from problem identification, planning, designing, tool making, assembling, and testing. Based on the results of the trials that have been carried out, the tool is capable of printing 20 prints in a single process and the dough is not attached to the mold

Performance and Meat Quality of Local Sheep Administered with Feed Additive Containing Probiotic and Organic Mineral Complex

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotic and organic mineral complex (POMC) administration on performance and meat quality of local sheep. In this study, 6 sheep with an average initial body weight of 12.67±0.81 kg were arranged in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were T0: basal diet (control) and T1: basal diet + POMC. The basal diet consisted of forage and concentrate (60:40) with dry matter of feed intake as much as 5% of body weight. Dose of POMC used in this study was 15 g/d/head. The POMC contained lactic acid bacteria, i.e. Lactobacillus sp. (1x108 cfu/g) and S. cereviseae incorporated with micromineral Co (2 ppm), Cu (100 ppm), Fe (2.5 ppm), I (110 ppm) and Mn (100 ppm). The experimental period lasted for 11 wk (1 wk for adaptation and 10 wk for data collection). Data were analyzed using t-Student statistical test to compare the treatments. The results showed that POMC administration did not affect the body weight gain (BWG) (7.46 kg) compared to control (7.13 kg) while concentrate consumption (26.9 kg) of POMC was lower than the control (28.6 kg). Meanwhile POMC administration did not affect the meat quality (pH, moisture, cooking loss and tenderness), whereas the meat cholesterol was lower (34.25 mg/100g) than the control (38.87 mg/100g). It is concluded that administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria combined with organic minerals decreases concentrate consumption and thereby potentially increases the animals energy utilization efficiency. In addition, the treatment also decreases the meat cholesterol content of local sheep

Seleksi Bakteri Asam Laktat Dengan Aktivitas Anti Jamur Yang Diisolasi Dari Silase Dan Saluran Cerna Ternak

Fungi contamination was a serious problem on feed industry in Indonesia. Mycotoxin was produced by contaminated fungi could decrease feed quality and it accumulation on animal caused immunosuppressive and mortality effect. The application of biological agent such as antifungal microbe was a promising solution and to be important for futher study. The objective of this research was to select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antifungal activity against mycotoxin producing fungi. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from oil palm frond (OPF) silage, poultry and ruminant digestive tracts (cattle and goat). Antifungal activities of LAB was conducted by using overlay method and paper disc diffusion method of the cell free supernatant against FNCC 6002, FNCC 6033 and FNCC 6111. The result showed that LAB strain PDS2 from OPF silage had the highest

Hasil Survai Keracunan Merkuri Pada Penduduk Di Sekitar Teluk Jakarta

A survey of mercury poisoning was carried out among people living in 3 villages along Jakarta Bay (Muara Angke, Kalibaru, and Pajagalan) during October - December 1980. A total of 3178 persons were included in the survey. From this number 77 persons were selected for further clinical examination by a neurologist. Based on the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of 51 persons examined not a single case of mercury poisoning was found in the study area. The average of total mercury content of 77 hair samples is 5,57 ± 7,03 ppm (SD), and the ratio of methyl mercury to total mercury has a range from 0,4 46,1 %. It was concluded that the mercury content in hair from the inhabitants surveyed along the Jakarta Bay was within the normal range

A study on the evaluation of Indonesian local microbial phytase supplementation and its impact on broiler chicken performance, metabolic energy utilization, ileal histomorphology, and meat and bone mineralization

The effect of local Indonesian microbial phytase, derived from L. plantarum A1-E extracted from the small intestine of Indonesian free-range chickens and C. tropicalis TKd-3 obtained from fermented Indonesian soybean tempe, on growth performance, metabolizable energy, ileal histomorphology, and meat and bone mineralization in broilers is the subject of evaluation in this study. A total of 140 day-old broiler chicks were divided into four treatments, five replicates, and seven chicks in each replicate. The research was carried out for 28 days. The experimental groups consisted of a basal diet without phytase (FA) serving as the negative control, a basal diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of L. plantarum A1-E phytase (FB), a basal diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of C. tropicalis TKd-3 phytase (FC), and a basal diet with commercial phytase as the positive control (FD). The results revealed that the broiler performance index increased by the FB and FC treatments (P<0.05), and the FC treatment exhibited a tendency to enhance metabolizable energy (P=0.06). The result of ileum histomorphology showed that the FB treatment increased villous height, the ratio of villous height to crypt depth, and villous surface area (P<0.05). The highest mineral content of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in broiler breast meat was obtained in the FB treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the highest mineral content of calcium (Ca), P, Mg, zinc (Zn), and Fe in thigh meat was found in the FC treatment (P<0.05). The mineralization of the tibia bone demonstrated that the FB treatment exerted a significant effect (P<0.05) on the P, Mg, and Fe mineral content. In conclusion, the performance index increased due to microbial phytase supplementation. Besides that, L. plantarum A1-E phytase improved the surface area of the villus, the absorption of ileum minerals, the mineral content of breast meat, and minerals deposition in the tibia

Corporate boards and performance pricing in private debt contracts

This paper investigates the effects of corporate governance on the use of performance pricing in debt contracts on a sample of newly syndicated loans in the U.S. private debt market. While cross-sectional results provide no evidence for the predicted relation between corporate governance quality and the likelihood of using performance pricing in debt contracts, there is evidence for the predicted positive relation between corporate governance quality and the use of interest-increasing performance pricing provisions. Evidence also provides support for the predicted negative relation between corporate governance quality and the use of financial ratio as the measure of performance underlying the provisions. Overall, empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that debt-holders perceive aspects of corporate governance to be beneficial and factor them in their contracting decisions