STUDI POLA PERJALANAN DAN PENGGUNAAN KENDARAAN OLEH MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN KORONG GADANG DENGAN METODA TRAVEL TIME DIARY

Pola perjalanan rumah tangga harian sangat menentukan pembebanan arus lalu lintas perkotaan. Oleh karena itu sangat penting dipahami bagaimana pola perjalanan rumah tangga di kota Padang. Kelurahan Korong Gadang berkembang menjadi zona perumahan yang membangkitkan lalu lintas dan membebani jalan kota. Dengan kondisi berada pada ketinggian ± 8 m dari permukaan laut membuat daerah di Kelurahan Korong Gadang menjadi strategis sebagai pemukiman terutama sejak adanya isu tsunami, sehingga tanah yang sebelumnya berfungsi sebagai lahan pertanian dan perkebunan telah beralih menjadi pemukiman padat penduduk. Hal ini ditandai dengan banyaknya perumahan yang dibangun di Kelurahan Korong Gadang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda travel time diary. Sebanyak 130 rumah tangga berhasil dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, pola perjalanan harian orang di Kelurahan Korong Gadang dipengaruhi oleh jumlah anggota rumah tangga, jumlah anggota rumah tangga yang bekerja serta jumah kendaraan. Dari hasil survei didapatkan bahwa setiap keluarga rata-rata memiliki satu mobil dan satu sepeda motor. Dari segi jam keberangkatan dari rumah rata-rata pengguna mobil berangkat sekitar jam 06.30-07.00 sedangkan pengguna sepeda motor lebih banyak berangkat pada rentang waktu 07.00-07.30. Dari segi tujuan perjalanan didominasi oleh bekerja dan kembali lagi ke rumah dengan total 77 orang/hari untuk pengguna sepeda motor dan 73 orang/hari untuk pengguna mobil. Sedangkan, untuk bangkitan perjalanan rumah tangga perhari didapat 297 pergerakan dari 8 jenis kategori rumah tangga. Dari sisi penggunaan kendaraan masyarakat lebih memilih sepeda motor dibandingkan dengan mobil. Alasan masyarakat lebih banyak menggunakan sepeda motor adalah tingkat efisiensian dan kemudahan yang lebih tinggi daripada menggunakan mobil. Kata kunci : Pola perjalanan, travel time diary, rumah tangga, pergerakan, surve

STUDI POLA PERJALANAN RUMAH TANGGA BERDASARKAN DATA TRAVEL TIME DIARY.

Travel pattern and the use of private vehicles in a household are rarely being observed in transportation research in Indonesia. The travel pattern and the used of private vehicles have significant influence on the traffic generation and the traffic volume in urban road. This paper presents a research on travel pattern and the use of private cars in a household. The study took place in Korong Gadang District, Padang City. Travel time diary was used in the data collection. As much as 130 household were involved in the study. The study found that most of private cars and motorcycles were firstly leaving home around 06.30 to 07.30 in the morning. It seems that most of Cars left first at around 06.30-07.00 followed by most of motorcycles at 07.00-07.30. Cars were recorded to travel longer than motorcycles

STUDI POLA PERJALANAN RUMAH TANGGA BERDASARKAN DATA TRAVEL TIME DIARY

Travel pattern and the use of private vehicles in a household are rarely being observed in transportation research in Indonesia. The travel pattern and the used of private vehicles have significant influence on the traffic generation and the traffic volume in urban road. This paper presents a research on travel pattern and the use of private cars in a household. The study took place in Korong Gadang District, Padang City. Travel time diary was used in the data collection. As much as 130 household were involved in the study. The study found that most of private cars and motorcycles were firstly leaving home around 06.30 to 07.30 in the morning. It seems that most of Cars left first at around 06.30-07.00 followed by most of motorcycles at 07.00-07.30. Cars were recorded to travel longer than motorcycles

Channel Market Analysis Of Application-Driven Connection Recovery

The channel market model is a tool for making communication systems dependable. It is a generalization of the network stack model: Where the network stack model uses network graphs as the fundamental abstraction and layering as the compositional structure, the channel market model starts smaller, using channels as the fundamental abstraction, and builds more freely, using a marketplace for composition. In a channel market, a communication system is a channel transformer, which uses some of the channels offered in the market to implement new channels and offer them in turn. The model developed out of work on connection recovery for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), as a tool for understanding the complex dynamics of the standard network stack. In this dissertation, I apply the lessons learned from the channel market model back to TCP, and in particular to application-driven connection recovery. Application-driven connection recovery is a technique by which a fault-tolerant application can recover and migrate connections, leveraging middleware to avoid modifications to its TCP implementation. The middleware depends on very little state, making application-driven recovery a lightweight and fast technique. To demonstrate what is possible, I present recovery middleware using both formal and empirical methods. Formally, I present specifications of TCP and recovery middleware. The specification of TCP also serves as an introduction to the details of the protocol; to serve that purpose, iv the it follows a novel decomposition I developed for my own understanding while working on application-driven connection recovery. Using both specifications, I prove that the simple middleware is sufficient for a failing and recovering TCP to refine non-failing TCP. Empirically, I present TCPR, an implementation of recovery middleware. I describe the systems problems that arise from masking connection failure and migrating without modifying TCP or sockets, particularly where the common interfaces violate the TCP specification or unnecessarily restrict what state is available to an application. I also present the results of a study of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), highlighting the severity of the routing disruptions that can be avoided only with connection recovery. The channel market model's role in the presentation displays its usefulness in both ways that a scientific model can be useful: For understanding existing complexity (as in the decomposition of TCP), and for simplifying the design of the new (as in TCPR). I wrap up by presenting two design principles that have emerged from using channel markets: The separation of justification and the haggling principle. The channel market model and its design principles are useful tools beyond making TCP more dependable, and they stand waiting for future work.

Application-Driven TCP Recovery and Non-Stop BGP

Abstract—Some network protocols tie application state to underlying TCP connections, leading to unacceptable service outages when an endpoint loses TCP state during fail-over or migration. For example, BGP ties forwarding tables to its control plane connections so that the failure of a BGP endpoint can lead to widespread routing disruption, even if it recovers all of its state but what was encapsulated by its TCP implementation. Although techniques exist for recovering TCP state transparently, they make assumptions that do not hold for applications such as BGP. We introduce application-driven TCP recovery, a technique that separates application recovery from TCP recovery. We evaluate our prototype, TCPR, and show that it outperforms existing BGP recovery techniques. Keywords—TCP, fault tolerance, middleware, BGP, non-stop routing, Graceful Restart. I

Routers for the Cloud, Can the Internet Achieve 5-Nines Availability?

Today's Internet often suffers transient outages, but as increasingly critical services migrate to the cloud, much higher levels of Internet availability will be necessary. © 2011 IEEE