Structure and hyperfine interactions in Aurivillius Bi9Ti 3Fe5O27 conventionally sintered compound

The structure and hyperfine interactions in the Bi9Ti3Fe5O27 Aurivillius compound were studied using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Samples were prepared by the conventional solid-state sintering method at various temperatures. An X-ray diffraction analysis proved that the sintered compounds formed single phases at temperature above 993 K. Mössbauer measurements have been carried out at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Room-temperature Mössbauer spectrum of the Bi9Ti3Fe5O27 compound confirmed its paramagnetic properties. However, low temperature measurements revealed the additional paramagnetic phase besides the antiferromagnetic one

Magnetocaloric effect in the high-temperature antiferromagnet YbCoC2

The magnetic $H$-$T$ phase diagram and magnetocaloric effect in the recently discovered high-temperature heavy-fermion compound YbCoC$_2$ have been studied. With the increase in the external magnetic field YbCoC$_2$ experiences the metamagnetic transition and then transition to the ferromagnetic state. The dependencies of magnetic entropy change -$\Delta S_m (T)$ have segments with positive and negative magnetocaloric effects for $\Delta H \leq 6$~T. For $\Delta H = 9$~T magnetocaloric effect becomes positive with a maximum value of -$\Delta S_m (T)$ is 4.1 J / kg K and a refrigerant capacity is 56.6 J / kg

Structure and magnetic properties of Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics prepared by sintering, mechanical activation and EDAMM process. A comparative study

Three different methods were used to obtain Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics, i.e. solid-state sintering, mechanical activation (MA) with subsequent thermal treatment, and electrical discharge assisted mechanical milling (EDAMM). The structure and magnetic properties of produced Bi5Ti3FeO15 samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The purest Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics was obtained by standard solid-state sintering method. Mechanical milling methods are attractive because the Bi5Ti3FeO15 compound may be formed at lower temperature or without subsequent thermal treatment. In the case of EDAMM process also the time of processing is significantly shorter in comparison with solid-state sintering method. As revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, at room temperature the Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics produced by various methods is in paramagnetic state

Rapid detection of peptide markers for authentication purposes in raw and cooked meat using ambient liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry

In this paper, our previously developed ambient LESA-MS methodology is implemented to analyze five types of thermally treated meat species, namely beef, pork, horse, chicken, and turkey meat, in order to select and identify heat-stable and species-specific peptide markers. In-solution tryptic digests of cooked meats were deposited onto a polymer surface, followed by LESA-MS analysis and evaluation using multivariate data analysis and tandem electrospray MS. The five types of cooked meat were clearly discriminated using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. A number of 23 heat stable peptide markers unique to species and muscle protein were identified following data-dependent tandem LESA-MS analysis. Surface extraction and direct ambient MS analysis of mixtures of cooked meat species was performed for the first time and enabled detection of 10% (w/w) of pork, horse, and turkey meat, and 5% (w/w) of chicken meat in beef, using the developed LESA-MS/MS analysis. The study shows, for the first time, that ambient LESA-MS methodology displays specificity sufficient to be implemented effectively for the analysis of processed and complex peptide digests. The proposed approach is much faster and simpler than other measurement tools for meat speciation; it has potential for application in other areas of meat science or food production

Geospatial data analysis in Russia’s geoweb

The chapter examines the role of geospatial data in Russia’s online ecosystem. Facilitated by the rise of geographic information systems and user-generated content, the distribution of geospatial data has blurred the line between physical spaces and their virtual representations. The chapter discusses different sources of these data available for Digital Russian Studies (e.g., social data and crowdsourced databases) together with the novel techniques for extracting geolocation from various data formats (e.g., textual documents and images). It also scrutinizes different ways of using these data, varying from mapping the spatial distribution of social and political phenomena to investigating the use of geotag data for cultural practices’ digitization to exploring the use of geoweb for narrating individual and collective identities online

The Synthesis and Properties of High Surface Area Fe2O3Fe_{2}O_{3} Materials

Two types of the silica materials were used for the preparation of iron oxides. The MCM-48 type silica support and wide-pore silica gel were impregnated with iron nitrates. The samples were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption/desorption method, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and $\text{}^{57}Fe$ Mössbauer spectroscopy. Redox properties were studied by the temperature programmed reduction method. Strongly dispersed hematite was evidenced on the supports. An application of the MCM-48 silica mesoporous materials led to the development of the oxide phases within the ordered porous structure. The detailed temperature programmed reduction studies evidenced slight differences of the redox properties of the species located within the silica templates and after their removal. Magnetic properties of iron oxides were related to the porous structure of the silica supports. The Mössbauer study of high surface area materials Fe/$SiO_{2}$ and Fe/MCM-48 type silicate templates revealed existence of ferro- and superparamagnetic phases. The relative contribution of the superparamagnetic doublet component in Mössbauer spectra is 15% and 80% for Fe/$SiO_{2}$/c and Fe/MCM-48/c samples, respectively

Mössbauer and X-ray Diffraction Studies of Zr1−x\text{}_{1-x}Tix\text{}_{x}Fe2\text{}_{2} Laves Phase Compounds

Mössbauer spectroscopy of $\text{}^{57}$Fe and X-ray diffraction measurements in the Zr$\text{}_{1-x}$Ti$\text{}_{x}$Fe$\text{}_{2}$ phase have been made. Our X-ray diffraction spectra revealed that the samples have the cubic C15 crystal structure for low Ti concentration and the hexagonal C14 structure for high Ti concentration. In the range of 0.2≤x≤0.5 a mixture of both structures occurs. The investigated compounds are paramagnetic at RT for x>0.80 and magnetic for x<e0.8. In the magnetic samples we found four different values of hyperfine magnetic fields. The presence of two hyperfine magnetic fields in the C14 phase suggests magnetic moments on Fe atoms at 2a sites. The obtained ε$\text{}_{Q}$ vs. the x dependence indicates the spin canted antiferromagnetic structure in the hexagonal phase in the range of 0.2≤x≤0.8

Positron Annihilation Studies of Mesoporous Iron-Molybdenum Modified MCM-41 Silica

Iron-molybdenum modified MCM-41 mesoporous materials were obtained by the application of direct hydrothermal method. An incorporation of iron and molybdenum ions in the synthesis stage led to structural changes of the MCM-41 support. With an increasing metals content, cylindrical pores of silica are destroyed. X-ray diffraction investigations indicated that both iron and molybdenum ions were first embedded in the silica walls and then formed highly dispersed species in the pores. The porous structure of the studied samples was examined by means of $N_2$ adsorption/desorption and PALS methods. The longest-lived o-Ps lifetime component remains constant but its intensity monotonically decreases, except for the sample with the highest metals content. These results indicate that an effect of o-Ps formation inhibition occurs

The Influence of Reduction Process on the Iron-Molybdenum Nanoparticles in Modified MCM-41 Silica

Iron-molybdenum silica mesoporous materials were obtained by the application of direct hydrothermal method. The influence of high temperature samples reduction in the $H_2$ flow on their structural and magnetic properties was studied. Four samples with different metal contents relative to silica were investigated. The study was carried out by means of X-ray diffraction, $\text{}^{57}Fe$ Mössbauer spectroscopy and the temperature programmed reduction method. With an increasing metals content, primary pores of MCM-41 transformed into the bottle-like pores, and then into the slit-like ones. Reduction and heat treatment caused the α-Fe, $Fe_2Mo$, and Fe-Mo alloy formation. Iron and molybdenum atoms after being released into the silica matrix, where they were embedded, create clusters or crystallites. It was observed that the high temperature reduction caused partial transformation of highly dispersed Fe-Mo oxides species initially embedded in silica walls into crystallites big enough to give magnetic sextet component in the Mössbauer spectra