Piper caninum blume leaf extract and compost to suppress blast disease and increase the production of bali red rice (oryza sativa) in green house

The parameters developed in organic farming are the use of vegetable pesticides and compost and liquid organic fertilizer. Some research has been done but it needs deeper research to get the right product. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory activity of Piper caninum extract against the fungus Pyricuaria oryzae causing blast disease in rice, and to find out how much the impact of compost on increased crop yield after being combined with the extract. This research is a field research located in the village of Senganan, Penebel Tabanan Bali. With the following treatment Fo = control (100% soil). F1 = (soil 90% + compost 10% + extract 0.5%). F2 = (soil 80% + compost 20% + extract 1%) F3 = (soil 70% + 30% + extract 1.5%). F4 = (soil 60% + compost 40% + 2% extract), do repeat 4 times. The results showed that P. caninum extract effectively inhibited blast disease and could reduce the intensity of blast disease. The combination with compost can significantly increase yields (67.62%), reduce empty grains, and increase rice size

Natamycin Treatment for Control of Rhizopus Mold on Strawberries (Fragaria Virginiana)

Fragaria virginiana (strawberries) were discovered in Garut, West Java, Indonesia, and they have a high economic value in the food industry. However, due to the lack of effective natamycin treatment methods, the problem of postharvest disease caused by Rhizopus sp. has yet to be solved. The goal of this study was to examine how different natamycin concentrations affect Rhizopus sp. mold control. The dip coating method was used to apply the natamycin to F. virginiana. The concentrations of natamycin used were 250 and 500 ppm. During the seven days of storage at 25∘C, the total incidence of disease caused by Rhizopus sp. and the average weight of F. virginiana were observed. The natamycin treatment by dip coating was found to be effective at preserving F. virginiana at lower concentrations. Keywords: Natamycin treatment, Post harvest disease, mold, Strawberie

The Use of Rhizobacteria to Promote Buds Formation of Bulbil of Elephant Foot Yam

Elephant foot yams (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is one of tuber crops becoming popular among farmers in Indonesia as the tubers of this plant rich in carbohydrates, fats, protein, minerals, vitamins and fiber. However, the propagation of this plant can not be done easily as the seedlings materials such as tubers, bulbils and seeds have dormancy periode after harvested. This study was done to evaluate the capability of rhizobacteria from rhizospheres of graminous plants to promote the buds formation of bulbil of elephant foot yams. A total of 76 isolates of rhizobacteria were tested for their capability to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), and for those capable of producing IAA were tested for their ability to promote buds formation of elephant foot yams bulbils. Results of this strudy showed that, nine isolates of rhizobacteria were proven to produce IAA, namely Sr3, Sr16, Sr17, Sr18, Sr19, Sr21, Jg8, Rg1 and Pb2. Treatments with rhizobacteria significantly (p<0.05) increased the percentage of bulbils produced buds. Treatment with three isolates namely Sr21, Jg8 and Rg1 resulted in percentage of buds formation more than 60%, in which treatment with isolate Rg1 showed the highest percentage of buds formation. This results suggested that isolate Rg1 potentially can be used as a bio-agent to promote buds formation in bulbils of elephant foot yams to produce uniform and vigorous seedlings of this plant. Keywords: elephant foot yams, rhizobacteria, buds formation, promotion, seedlings DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/13-12-03 Publication date:July 31st 202

NILAI NUTRISI JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN PAKAN RUSA TIMOR (Cervus timorensis) DI PENANGKARAN BANGSING, PUPUAN, TABANAN, BALI

This study aims to determine the selection of plants and nutrient content of plant species selected by Timor deer (Cervus timorensis). This research was conducted in Penangkaran Bangsing, Pupuan, Tabanan, Bali. Determination of the composition of plant species of Timor deer feed (C. timorensis) using the direct method. The species of plants eaten by Timor deer are identified to the species level. The nutrient content of crude protein is determined by Semi-micro Kjeldahl technique, energy content (GE) with Bomb calorimeter, Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) content by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ASS) technique. Selection of the plant species eaten using the Ivlev selection index. The nutrient content of plant species is eaten compared to the standard nutrient content for timor deer. The results of the study were 13 species of selected plants, namely Impreata cylindrica, Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum ranusum, Axonopus compressus, Panicum muticum, Spilatnhes paniculata, Mikania micrantha, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra sp, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Sechium edule, Diplazium esculentum, Pogostemon auricularia. The crude protein content ranged from 9.30 - 31.18%, GE 2.724 – 4.446 kcal / g, Ca 0.02 - 0.84%, and P 0.32 to 3.01%. The nutrient content is eaten according to nutritional standards according to Tuckwell (2003).   Keywords : timor deer (Cervus timorensis), selection of plant spesies, nutrient conten

Antifungal Activity of Piper caninum against Pyricularia oryzae Cav. the Cause of Rice Blast Disease on Rice

Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cav.is one of important and destructive disease on rice in most areas where susceptible rice cultivars are grown. This study was done in order to find alternative measure to control the disease by using leaf extract of Piper caninum Blume. Antifungal activity of P. caninum against P. oryzae was done under laboratory condition on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Results of this study showed that the crude extract of P. caninum exhibited a very strong inhibitory activity against P. oryzae with diameter of inhibition zone by 44 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this extract was 0.5% (w/v). Treatment with leaf extract of P. caninum significantly (P<0.05) inhibited fungal radial growth, spores formation, and biomass formation. The growth inhibition resulted from this extract is due to the lysis of fungal cells indicated by the zize of  mycelia, in which the size of mycelia treated with extract is obviously smaller than that of control. It is necessary to purify and identify the substances in the leaf extract of P. caninum that responsible the most for the antifungal activity against P. oryzae. In addition, a field trial is necessary to be done to evaluate the effectiveness of the leaf extract of P. caninum to control rice blast disease under field condition. Keywords :  Piper caninum, rice blast disease, antifungal activity, cell lysi

Bacterial plant biostimulants: A sustainable way towards improving growth, productivity, and health of crops

This review presents a comprehensive and systematic study of the field of bacterial plant biostimulants and considers the fundamental and innovative principles underlying this technology. Plant biostimulants are an important tool for modern agriculture as part of an integrated crop management (ICM) system, helping make agriculture more sustainable and resilient. Plant biostimulants contain substance(s) and/or microorganisms whose function when applied to plants or the rhizosphere is to stimulate natural processes to enhance plant nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, biocontrol, and crop quality. The use of plant biostimulants has gained substantial and significant heed worldwide as an environmentally friendly alternative to sustainable agricultural production. At present, there is an increasing curiosity in industry and researchers about microbial biostimulants, especially bacterial plant biostimulants (BPBs), to improve crop growth and productivity. The BPBs that are based on PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) play plausible roles to promote/stimulate crop plant growth through several mechanisms that include (i) nutrient acquisition by nitrogen (N2) fixation and solubilization of insoluble minerals (P, K, Zn), organic acids and siderophores; (ii) antimicrobial metabolites and various lytic enzymes; (iii) the action of growth regulators and stress-responsive/induced phytohormones; (iv) ameliorating abiotic stress such as drought, high soil salinity, extreme temperatures, oxidative stress, and heavy metals by using different modes of action; and (v) plant defense induction modes. Presented here is a brief review emphasizing the applicability of BPBs as an innovative exertion to fulfill the current food crisis

Piper caninum extract and Brevibacillus agri mixture suppresses rice leaf spot pathogen; Nigrospora oryzae and improves the production of red rice (Oryza sativa L)

Under the guise of enhancing productivity, using pesticides and artificial fertilizers in agriculture affects both the environment and living things. High chemical residues in food and the environment disrupt the health of consumers. One of the solutions that can bring about a reduction in the use of pesticides and chemicals is switching to organic fertilizers. The application of biopesticides originating from biological sources such as plant extracts and the use of microbes is gaining global acceptance. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain the best biopesticides and biostimulants that could suppress the leaf spot pathogen, Nigrospora oryzae, and increase the growth and yield of Bali red rice. The study contained four treatments, namely untreated control (F0), Piper caninum leaf extract (F1), Brevibacillus agri (F2), and fermented P. caninum leaf extract plus B. agri (F3). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, and each treatment was replicated three times. The parameters measured were the number of tillers per plant, number of leafs per plant, chlorophyll content, number of grains per panicle, grain weight, and grain yield. Furthermore, antimicrobial and antioxidants were assayed using SEM. GC-MS. At the end of the experiment, the disease index of the leaf spot wasmeasured. The results showed that F3 significantly suppressed leaf spots caused by N. oryzae compared to other treatments, including untreated control in red rice. Additionally, the F3 significantly increased the number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, and grain yield compared to all other treatments. The F3 enhanced the crop yield at 6.19 tons/ha, an increase of 50% compared to the untreated control. The SEM.GC- MS results showed the presence of 2.3 butanediol, tetra-decanoic acid, butanoic acid, ethyl ester, benzene propanal, 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-a-methyl, a-N-Normethadol in treated plants with P. canicum plus B. agri

A mixture of piper leaves extracts and rhizobacteria for sustainable plant growth promotion and bio-control of blast pathogen of organic Bali rice

Rice is a crop that is consumed as a staple food by the majority of the people in the world and therefore failure in rice crops, due to any reason, poses a severe threat of starvation. Rice blast, caused by a fungus Pyricularia oryzae, has been ranked among the most threatening plant diseases of rice and it is found wherever rice is grown. All of the rice blast disease management strategies employed so far have had limited success and rice blast has never been eliminated from rice fields. Hence, there is a need to look for the best remedy in terms of effectiveness, sustainability, and organic nature of the method. This study was aimed at determining the plant growth-promoting and fungicidal effects of a mixture of Piper caninum and Piper betle var. Nigra leaves extracts and rhizobacteria. Gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis of a mixture of leaves extracts of these plants revealed the presence of new bioactive compounds such as alpha.-gurjunene, gamma.-terpinene, and ethyl 5-formyl 3-(2-ethoxycarbonyl) in a mixture of leaves extracts of P. caninum and P. betle var. Nigra. The mixture of these extracts reduced the intensity of blast disease, inhibited P. oryzae, and improved the growth, yield, and quality of Bali rice. All treatments comprising of different concentrations of a mixture of leaves extracts of P. caninum and P. betle var. Nigra plus rhizobacteria exhibited biocontrol and bioefficacy. However, a 2% concentration of a mixture of these leaves extracts with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) exhibited potent inhibition of growth of P. oryzae, a significant reduction in the intensity of blast disease, and a maximum increase in growth, yield, and quality of Bali rice. In the 15th week, the intensity of blast disease decreased from 80.18% to 7.90%. The mixture of leaves extract + PGPR also improved the height of the plant, the number of tillers, number of leaves, number of grains per panicle, number of heads per panicle, and the full-grain weight per clump. Applications of various concentrations of a mixture of leaves extracts + PGPR resulted in improvement in the potential yield of rice, however, the application of 2% extracts + PGPR gave the highest potential yield of 5.61 tha−1 compared to the low yields in the control and other treatments. The high grain yield observed with the treatment was caused by the low intensity of blast disease. This treatment also strengthened the stem and prevented the drooping of the plant and improved the quality of rice grain

Utilization of piper caninum blume leaf extract combined with compost to suppress blast disease and increase the growth of local rice Bali (Oryza sativa) in Vivo

Blast disease is a disease that attacks rice plants. The control of this disease is still using a synthetic fungicide that is very harmful to the environment. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the combination of Piper caninum leaf extract with compost to blast disease and rice plant growth. This research was conducted in vivo in the glasshouse of Senganan village, Penebel Tabanan. Bali. This study used a randomized block design. In this study, the extracts were combined with organic fertilizer which was made by biotechnology stater starmic ok. Fo = control (soil 100%). F1= (soil 90% + compost 10% + extract 0,5%) .F2 = (soil 80% + compost 20% + extract 1%) F3 = (soil 70% + 30% + extract 1.5%). F4 = (soil 60% + compost 40% + 2% extract), do repeat 4 times. The results show that the formulas F3 effectively reduce the intensity of blast disease by inhibition of 79.09%, significantly affect the number of rice leaves, and the number of rice tillers increases but in treatment, F4 decreased. The height of the rice plant from F1 to F4 decreases, it is great because it reduces the fall when the rice is fruitfull. This is due to the disruption of growth hormone by the extract