Streaming Verification of Graph Properties

Streaming interactive proofs (SIPs) are a framework for outsourced computation. A computationally limited streaming client (the verifier) hands over a large data set to an untrusted server (the prover) in the cloud and the two parties run a protocol to confirm the correctness of result with high probability. SIPs are particularly interesting for problems that are hard to solve (or even approximate) well in a streaming setting. The most notable of these problems is finding maximum matchings, which has received intense interest in recent years but has strong lower bounds even for constant factor approximations. In this paper, we present efficient streaming interactive proofs that can verify maximum matchings exactly. Our results cover all flavors of matchings (bipartite/non-bipartite and weighted). In addition, we also present streaming verifiers for approximate metric TSP. In particular, these are the first efficient results for weighted matchings and for metric TSP in any streaming verification model.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figure, 1 tabl

Stable Networks

A network is a graph where the nodes represent agents and an arc exists between two nodes if the corresponding agents interact bilaterally. An exogeneous value function gives the value of each network, while an allocation rule describes how the value of any graph is distributed amongst the agents. We explore the possibility of constructing allocation rules which will ensure that efficient networks of agents will form when the individual agents decide to form or severe links amongst themselves

Meta-analysis of tRNA derived RNA fragments reveals that they are evolutionarily conserved and associate with AGO proteins to recognize specific RNA targets

BACKGROUND: tRFs, 14 to 32 nt long single-stranded RNA derived from mature or precursor tRNAs, are a recently discovered class of small RNA that have been found to be present in diverse organisms at read counts comparable to miRNAs. Currently, there is a debate about their biogenesis and function. RESULTS: This is the first meta-analysis of tRFs. Analysis of more than 50 short RNA libraries has revealed that tRFs are precisely generated fragments present in all domains of life (bacteria to humans), and are not produced by the miRNA biogenesis pathway. Human PAR-CLIP data shows a striking preference for tRF-5s and tRF-3s to associate with AGO1, 3 and 4 rather than AGO2, and analysis of positional T to C mutational frequency indicates these tRFs associate with Argonautes in a manner similar to miRNAs. The reverse complements of canonical seed positions in these sequences match cross-link centered regions, suggesting these tRF-5s and tRF-3s interact with RNAs in the cell. Consistent with these results, human AGO1 CLASH data contains thousands of tRF-5 and tRF-3 reads chimeric with mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: tRFs are an abundant class of small RNA present in all domains of life whose biogenesis is distinct from miRNAs. In human HEK293 cells tRFs associate with Argonautes 1, 3 and 4 and not Argonaute 2 which is the main effector protein of miRNA function, but otherwise have very similar properties to miRNAs, indicating tRFs may play a major role in RNA silencing. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-014-0078-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Holographic dark energy through Kaniadakis entropy in non flat universe

By extending the standard holographic principle to a cosmological framework and combining the non-flat condition with the Kaniadakis entropy, we construct the non-flat Kaniadakis holographic dark energy model. The model employs Kaniadakis parameter $K$ and a parameter $c$. Derivation of the differential equation for KHDE density parameter to describe the evolutionary behavior of the universe is obtained. Such a differential equation could explain both the open as well as closed universe models. The classification based on matter and dark energy (DE) dominated regimes show that the KHDE scenario may be used to specify the Universe's thermal history and that a quintom regime can be encountered. For open and closed both the cases, we find the expressions for the deceleration parameter and the equation of state (EoS) parameter. Also, by varying the associated parameters, classical stability of the method is established. On considering the curvature to be positive, the universe favors the quintom behavior for substantially smaller values as opposed to the flat condition, when only quintessence is attained for such $K$ values. Additionally, we see a similar behavior while considering the curvature to be negative for such $K$ values. Therefore, adding a little bit of spatial geometry that isn't flat to the KHDE enhances the phenomenology while maintaining $K$ values at lower levels. To validate the model parameters, the most recent $30\;H(z)$ dataset measurements, in the redshift range $0.07 \leq z \leq 1.965$ are utilized. In addition, the distance modulus measurement from the current Union 2.1 data set of type Ia supernovae are employed.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure

Atomistic Investigation of Mixed-Gas Separation in a Fluorinated Polyimide Membrane

We have used equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations to investigate the temperature dependence of Maxwell–Stefan (MS) diffusivities of a pure component as well as an equimolar mixture of CO2 and CH4 in a fluorinated polyimide polymer membrane. The morphology of the polymer membrane is characterized, and gas adsorption isotherms of the pure as well as an equimolar mixture of CO2 and CH4 are extracted considering the polymer swelling upon gas adsorption, using a combination of EMD in the constant pressure ensemble and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. Significant swelling of the polymer in the presence of CO2 is found, as a result of which, the predictions of traditional models, such as ideal adsorption solution theory and dual mode sorption for mixed gases in mixed-gas conditions, are inaccurate, particularly for CH4. Our results show that plasticization behavior of the polymer leads to increase in CO2 permeability with increase in pressure. The Onsager coefficients indicate that, in mixed-gas conditions, finite correlations exist between the diffusing species in the polymer membrane. Further, the swollen membrane is kinetically selective for CH4 at high pressures in mixtures due to availability of large pores, in contrast to pure gas conditions where the membrane is kinetically selective for CO2 over CH4 at all pressures. Analysis of membrane behavior under practical conditions using EMD-based transport coefficients shows that, while the CO2/CH4 perm-selectivity increases with an increase in pressure based on pure component data, the trend is opposite for mixture data. Thus, the commonly used approach of screening membrane materials based on pure component data can be misleading, as it overlooks the correlation effects arising from the presence of other species in the mixture

4-[(4′-Chloro­methyl-[1,1′-biphen­yl]-4-yl)meth­yl]bis­(dimethyl­glyoximato-κ2 N,N′)(pyridine-κN)cobalt(III)1

The title compound, [Co(C14H14Cl)(C4H6N2O2)2(C5H5N)], is a model compound for the more complex cobalamines like vitamins B12. The CoIII atom is coordinated by a (4′-chloro­methyl-[1,1′-biphen­yl]-4-yl)methyl group, an N-bonded pyridine and two N,N′-bidentate dimethyl­glyoximate ligands in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The glyoximate ligands exhibit intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which is very common in cobaloxime derivatives

Pattern of use of antibiotics in hospitalized patients in the medicine department of a tertiary care hospital

Background: (1) To assess pattern of antibiotic use among in-patients of medicine unit in a tertiary care hospital, (2) to determine the frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADR) among the inpatients receiving antibiotics in medicine unit.Methods: The study was prospective and based on the daily review of patient records for 2 months (June, July) of study period, including all the inpatients of medicine unit 1 receiving antimicrobials. The general information of the patients, infection, antimicrobial use, culture and sensitivity reports, concomitant disease, concomitantly administered drugs, as well as clinical response were collected. The prescribed antimicrobials were correlated with the patient’s culture and sensitivity report. The number of defined daily doses (DDDs) administered per patient was calculated for each antimicrobial prescribed as per WHO anatomical therapeutic chemical classification. The ADR observed during the study were assessed using WHO causality analysis. The economic burden of the antimicrobial used was analyzed using average cost of antimicrobial per patient. The study was approved by the Institute Ethics Committee.Results: The antimicrobials that are commonly used as per total drug use (DDDs) are ceftriaxone followed by doxycycline and metronidazole. The antimicrobials account for 58.6% of cost spent on drugs for inpatients. Four antimicrobial related ADR were reported during the study period.Conclusion: Ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and metronidazole are commonly used antibiotics and significant proportion of the cost of drugs is spent for antimicrobials in a medicine unit