Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Berbasis Masjid(studi Kritis Pasal 53, 54, Dan 55 Pp. Nomor14 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pelaksanakaan UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2011tentang Pengelolaan Zakat)

History records that, at the time of the Prophet Muhammad mosque plays animportant role in the development of Islam. At that time the mosque not onlyas media ubuddiyah course, it is more vital role in education and empowermentof Muslims organized and set in the mosque. That is: education, propaganda,social and economic. Birth of law No. 23 of 2011 on the management of zakat provide an opportunity for the mosque to be the center of economic empowerment of the people. With a collector of Zakat Unit (UPZ) Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS,) the mosque will become points zakat collection,donation and sedekahyang collected from the congregation of the mosque. Of the funds collected is used by the Collector Unit Manager Zakat (UPZ) ortakmir mosque to empower and improve the welfare of the people.Keywords: Based Economic Empowerment Masjid, Zakat ManagementSejarah mencatat bahwa, pada masa Nabi Muhammad SAW masjid memainkan peran penting dalam perkembangan Islam. Pada saat itu masjidtidak hanya sebagai saja media yang ubuddiyah, lebih dari itu peran yang lebih penting yaitu dalam pendidikan dan pemberdayaan umat Islam terorganisirdan diatur dalam masjid. Peran tersebut yaitu pendidikan, propaganda, sosialdan ekonomi. Munculnya UU No. 23 Tahun 2011 tentang pengelolaanzakat memberikan kesempatan bagi masjid menjadi pusat pemberdayaanekonomi rakyat. Melalui Unit Pengumpul Zakat (UPZ) Amil ZakatNasional (BAZNAS,) masjid akan menjadi tempat pengumpulan zakat,sumbangan dan sedekah yang dikumpulkan dari jemaat masjid. Dari danayang terkumpul digunakan oleh Unit Pengumpul Zakat (UPZ) atau takmirmasjid untuk memberdayakan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat

Analisis Filosofis, Yuridis Dan Sosiologis Terhadap Bank Syariah

Artikel ini mengkaji tentang keberadaan bank syariah dalam perspektif filosofis, yuridis dan sosiologis dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-qualitatif. Bank syariah merupakan lembaga keuangan yang mempunyai peranan penting bagi bangsa Indonesia. Semua kegiatan USAha sekarang ini selalu melibatkan pihak perbankan baik USAha kecil, menengah apalagi USAha besar. Hasil analis menunjukkan bahwa perbankan syariah merupakan bank yang dalam operasionalnya berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip syariah baik dalam penghimpunan dana dengan prinsip wadi'ah dan mudharabah; dalam pembiayaan menggunakan prinsip jual beli murabahah, salam dan istishna; dalam mengeluarkan produk jasa bank syariah menerapkan prinsip al-wakalah, al-hiwalah, al- qardh, al-kafalah dan al-rahn.Kata kunci: bank, filosofis, yuridis, sosiologisPILOSOPHICAL, LEGAL AND SOSIOLOGICAL PERSPEC- TIVES ON SHARIA BANKING. This article explore about the existence of sharia banking from philosophical, legal and sociological perspectives using descriptive-qualitative approach. Bank Syariah are financial institutions played an important role for the people of Indonesia. This day, many business activities small, shows that sharia banking applies sharia principles in its activities. In fund raising there are principles of wadi'ah and mudharabah while in finance there are mudarabah, salam and istisna, meanwhile in service there are al-wakalah, al-hiwalah, al-qardh, al-kafalah and al-rahn

Framework Ide Bisnis USAha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) Kabupaten Purwakarta

Kelangsungan hidup Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) dapat ditinjau dari kemampuan dan konsistensi mereka dalam menyusun, menganalisis, dan mengimplementasikan rencana bisnis (business plan) mereka. Rencana bisnis merupakan dokumen tertulis yang berisi ringkasan yang menggambarkan elemen internal dan eksternal relevan serta strategi dalam memulai bisnis baru. Rencana bisnis penting bagi pengusaha, investor, dan bahkan karyawan karena membantu kelangsungan hidup Perusahaan dalam pasar yang ditunjuk. Permasalahnnya adalah terlalu banyak manajer Perusahaan kecil yang mengabaikan proses perencanaan strategis karena mereka mengira hal tersebut hanya bermanfaat bagi Perusahaan besar. Lebih jauh lagi ditemukan fakta bahwa banyak rencana bisnis yang tidak memiliki ide bisnisnya. Dengan kata lain, ada begitu banyak fokus pada rencana bisnis, tapi begitu sedikit fokus pada ide-ide bisnisnya. Pernyataan ini menggambarkan karakteristik dari sebagian besar wirausaha. Bahkan banyak ide bisnis yang tidak bisa menjadi bisnis menguntungkan atau kalaupun menguntungkan, tetapi tidak menghasilkan pendapatan yang mencukupi. Salah satu alasan kurangnya perhatian terhadap ide bisnis diduga karena lemahnya menerapkan metodologi/teknik yang sesuai. Artinya, perlu suatu teknik mengembangkan ide bisnis yang kompetitif dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menyajikan framework suatu ide bisnis yang mendeskripsikan proses kewirausahaan para wirausaha, meliputi perjalanan mental, penetapan tujuan, serta motif mereka berwirausaha. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran ide bisnis yang terdiri dari: 1) Gambaran entrepreneurship as a competency; 2) Gambaran creative market insight; 3) Gambaran window of opportunity; 4) Gambaran creation of the business concept; 5) Gambaran entry barriers to markets; 6) Gambaran strategies for market entry; 7) Gambaran the positive influence of competitors; 8) Gambaran entrepreneurship and business ideas in the embryonic market; 9) Subvariabel ide bisnis yang memiliki skor tertinggi; dan 10) Subvariabel ide bisnis pelaku UMKM Kabupaten Purwakarta yang memiliki skor terendah. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah pelaku UMKM sejumlah 40 orang. Sedangkan obyek dari penelitian ini adalah ide bisnis. Adapun metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif, survey, dan deskriptif verifikatif. Sumber data yang dipergunakan adalah primer dan sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik penarikan sampel nonprobability sampling, khususnya sampling jenuh. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, kuesioner, dan studi literatur. Untuk menguji hipotesis, digunakan statistik nonparametrik dengan teknik analisis data Kruskal-Wallis One Way Anova dan Chi Kuadrat Satu Sampel. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Entrepreneurship as a competency dinilai baik (kontinum sedang); Creative market insight dinilai sangat baik (kontinum tinggi; Window of opportunity dinilai sangat baik (kontinum tinggi); Creation of the business concept dinilai baik (kontinum tinggi); Entry barriers to markets dinilai baik (kontinum sedang); Strategies for market entry dinilai baik (kontinum tinggi); Pelaku UMKM Kabupaten Purwakarta menilai setiap indikator the positive influence of competitors dominan pada kerjasama dengan pesaing, bahkan pesaing membuka jalan untuk memperoleh pelanggan, pesaing dinilai seperti cyclops, serta wilayah pasar sangat penting bagi pesaing; Entrepreneurship and business ideas in the embryonic market dinilai baik (kontinum sedang). Subvariabel ide bisnis pelaku UMKM Kabupaten Purwakarta yang memiliki skor tertinggi adalah creative market insight dan skor terendah adalah entry barriers to markets. Kata Kunci : Ide Bisnis, Entrepreneurship as a competency, Creative market insight, Window of opportunity, Creation of the business concept, Entry barriers to markets, Strategies for market entry, the positive influence of competitors, Entrepreneurship and business ideas in the embryonic marke

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- A nd middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

The global retinoblastoma outcome study : a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

DATA SHARING : The study data will become available online once all analyses are complete.BACKGROUND : Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS : We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS : The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0–36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8–100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5–93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3–82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76–50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44–18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23–1·56). For children aged 3–7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope). INTERPRETATION : This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes.The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and the Wellcome Trust.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/homeam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 84.7%) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 62.8%), followed by strabismus (n = 429 10.2%) and proptosis (n = 309 7.4%). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 95% CI, 12.94-24.80, and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 95% CI, 4.30-7.68). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Problematics of the Village Government Authority

The purpose of this research is to analyze the authority problems of the village government. This is a doctrinal legal research by examining legal materials from libraries or research libraries to obtain secondary legal material from books, articles, research results, and regulations, as well as experts relating to the exercise of villages authority. The solution offered is that the authority of the village government will run well when it is support by the authority of recognition and subsidiarity and the availability of human resources who have expertise and skills and apply good governance to create a village social welfare