Hubungan Antara Infeksi Cacing Usus

ABSTRAK Soil-transmitted helminthic infection in Indonesia is still a major public-health problem. Particularly in children, heavy infections with soil-transmitted hehninths may inhibit their growth. The intensity of soil-transmitted helminthic infection seems to be related to defecation habits, environmental sanitation and personal hygiene. The objective of this study was to know the relationShip between soil-transmitted helminthic infection and age, level of education and occupation. A total of 342 persons (40% of the population in Bangunjiwo) were selected randomly, and examined for their age, level of education and type of occupation by using a questionair. Fecal samples were examined quantitativelyby using the Kato thick smear method, and to identify hookworm species a modified Harada Mani culture method was used. It was found that the prevalence rates of Ascaris lumbricoides was 50.0%Trichuris trichiura was 81.6% , and Necator americanus was 76,3%. There was relationship between intensity of A. lumbricoides and N. americanus with age, level of educations and occupations of the people, but there was no relationship between intensity of T. trichiura infection with age, level of education and occupation. Key Words : soil-transmitted helminthi, infectio

Evaluasi program pencegahan dan penanggulangan faktor risiko malaria di Kabupaten Kulon Progo

Purpose: The purpose of this research was evaluate the program of prevention and control of malaria risk factors in Kulon Progo District in 2016 based on system approach.Method: This research was evaluation program used mixed methods (sequential explanatory design). Data collected from 7 public health center of active focus malaria and district health office. Respondents were program managers and head of public health center, district program managers, head of control and eradication of communicable diseases, and head of district health offices. The instruments used structured questionnaires and in-depth interview guides. Quantitative data analysis was descriptive and qualitative data used Miles and Huberman model.Results: Most of the availability of human resources, funds, facilities, materials, and methods already meet implementation needs except entomologists, allocation of funds activities other than IRS, time of the implementation of larval fish deployment. Most of the processes that started from the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation have gone well except for planning other than IRS, preparation vector control without entomology database, implementation of environmental management, larviciding, and larval fish deployment. Coverage of LLINs, coverage of IRS, control of LLINs efficacy, and test of vector resistance have met the target, except coverage of larviciding and larval fish deployment was not available.Conclusion: Prevention and control program of malaria risk factors has implemented but wasn’t based on entomological data. District health offices should recruit entomologist to support vector control activities.Evaluation of malaria risk factors prevention and control program in Kulon Progo RegencyPurposeThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the program of prevention and control of malaria risk factors in Kulon Progo District in 2016 based on system approach.MethodThis research was evaluation program used mixed methods (sequential explanatory design). Data collected from 7 public health center of active focus malaria and district health office. Respondents were program managers and head of public health center, district program managers, head of control and eradication of communicable diseases, and head of district health offices. The instruments used structured questionnaires and in-depth interview guides. Quantitative data analysis was descriptive and qualitative data used Miles and Huberman model.Results Most of the availability of human resources, funds, facilities, materials, and methods already meet implementation needs except entomologists, allocation of funds activities other than IRS, time of the implementation of larval fish deployment. Most of the processes that started from the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation have gone well except for planning other than IRS, preparation vector control without entomology database, implementation of environmental management, larviciding, and larval fish deployment. Coverage of LLINs, coverage of IRS, control of LLINs efficacy, and test of vector resistance have met the target, except coverage of larviciding and larval fish deployment was not available.ConclusionPrevention and control program of malaria risk factors has implemented but wasn’t based on entomological data. District health offices should recruit entomologist to support vector control activities

The first evaluation of glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase defciency (G6PD) gene mutation in malaria endemic region at South Central Timor (SCT) district, Eastern Indonesia 2014–2015

Primaquine (PQ) is a key drug in the malaria pre-elimination stage. However, PQ can trigger acutehemolysis for people with G6PD defciency (G6PDd). In 2013, 15–25 million Indonesian people were infected with malaria, with 30,000–38,000 deaths each year mostly in eastern Indonesia with API= 15.6 %. Recently, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia announced a plan to reach the pre-elimination stage based on WHO guidelines. This study assesses whether eastern Indonesia should proceed with the activities of malaria pre-elimination. A total 555 healthy people in fve subdistricts in eastern Indonesia were selected by systematic random samping. All data were collected using a standard questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory tests. PCR and DNA sequencing protocols followed respective manufacture’s instructions. Statistical analysis by bivariate with α= 0.05 and 95% CI were performed using the SPSS software package. Based on the nested PCR, the result showed a malaria prevalence of 32.6% with being the dominant species (52.5%). Malaria cases were found in all study sites and not using a bed net was the moost signifcant risk factors with Exp B= 1.54 with 95% CI= 0.99–2.38. G6PDd prevalence was 16.6%, the highest G6PDd ever found in Indonesia with variant molecular dominant 10.883 T>C and one sample with a heterozygous female. Malaria pre-elimination in eastern Indonesia should be delayed. High risk patients should be tested for enzyme G6PD activities before antimalarial administration

Estimating malaria transmission intensity from Plasmodium falciparum serological data using antibody density models.

BACKGROUND: Serological data are increasingly being used to monitor malaria transmission intensity and have been demonstrated to be particularly useful in areas of low transmission where traditional measures such as EIR and parasite prevalence are limited. The seroconversion rate (SCR) is usually estimated using catalytic models in which the measured antibody levels are used to categorize individuals as seropositive or seronegative. One limitation of this approach is the requirement to impose a fixed cut-off to distinguish seropositive and negative individuals. Furthermore, the continuous variation in antibody levels is ignored thereby potentially reducing the precision of the estimate. METHODS: An age-specific density model which mimics antibody acquisition and loss was developed to make full use of the information provided by serological measures of antibody levels. This was fitted to blood-stage antibody density data from 12 villages at varying transmission intensity in Northern Tanzania to estimate the exposure rate as an alternative measure of transmission intensity. RESULTS: The results show a high correlation between the exposure rate estimates obtained and the estimated SCR obtained from a catalytic model (r = 0.95) and with two derived measures of EIR (r = 0.74 and r = 0.81). Estimates of exposure rate obtained with the density model were also more precise than those derived from catalytic models. CONCLUSION: This approach, if validated across different epidemiological settings, could be a useful alternative framework for quantifying transmission intensity, which makes more complete use of serological data

CYTOTOXIC EFFECT FROM ETHYL ACETATE-METHANOL SUBFRACTION OF CARRISA CARANDAS L TOWARD HELA CELLS BY IN VITRO TEST

Objective: Cervical cancer is a malignant type of cancer, often affects women, particularly in developing countries. Carrisa carandas leaves contained many secondary metabolites that had potency as an anticancer. The purpose of this study was to understand the cytotoxic effect of subfraction of Carrisa carandas leaves against HeLa cells.Methods: Chloroform fraction was separated by VLC gradually with n-hexane–chloroform–ethyl acetate and methanol. The same profiles from eluent chloroform–ethyl acetate composed fraction 18-26 were categorized as Fr4 and ethyl acetate-methanol composed fraction 27-30 as Fr5. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT assay on HeLa cellsResults: The result showed that the cytotoxic effect of subfraction Fr4 and Fr5 had IC50 values of 177 mg/ml and 98 mg/ml, respectively. Colorless crystal of Subfraction Fr 5-3 had IC50 value of 333 mg/ml. Subfraction Fr 5 showed effective cytotoxic activity than the others. Conclusion: It had chemo-preventive effect against cancer cellsConclusion: This study applied MTT (Microculture Tetrazolium) method by in vitro test. The advantages of this method are relatively rapid, sensitive and accurat

Perbedaan Metode ELISA Sandwich A dan B dalam Deteksi Antigen Membran Toxoplasma gondii

Spreading of toxoplasmosis to fetus can by placenta, so it caused theabortion, born dead or congenital defect. To diagnosis this disease for fixed the acute infection must get the significant increasing of IgG by the soft fee. The objections of this study are to know the difference between ELISA Sandwich A and B in detecting of membrane antigen of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in placenta tissue of pregnant women three-semester I and II with spontaneous abortion in Surakarta. One hundred serum and placenta tissue samples of pregnant women three-semester I and II with spontaneous abortion are got from dr. Muwardi Hospital. IgM anti Toxo from serum was examined by Toxo ISAGA Kit and IgG anti Toxo by Toxo Screen DA Kit. Detecting of membrane antigen of T. goodie from placenta tissue were done by ELISA Sandwich A and B. The result of this experiment showed that 33% were positive IBM and or Gig anti Toxo. Detection of membrane antigen toward 33 samples with positive Toxo (IgG positive) was highly significant different between ELISA Sandwich A (3% positive) toward ELISA Sandwich B (72.7% positive)