Prevalensi Tikus Terinfeksi Leptospira Interogans Di Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah

Leptospirosis­is­a­zoonosis.­The­disease­is­often­found­in­urban­areas,­especially­the­frequent­flooding.­Humansinfected­with­Leptospira­bacteria­through­water­or­soil­contaminated­with­urine­or­body­fluids­of­the­hostreservoir. Rats are the reservoir host of leptospirosis. This study aims to determine the population of mice infected with Leptospira and interactions between patients with suspected leptospirosis with rats Semarang, Central­Java.­In­addition­it­also­conducted­in­mice­Leptospira­serovar­identification­in­Semarang,­CentralJava. This type of research is potonglintang (cross­sectional). Observation at home and living environment 68 cases of leptospirosis.Catching mice using live traps some 100 pieces.Trapper inside and outside the house for­3­days.­Mice­that­were­caught­were­identified­and­taken­to­determine­blood­serum­test­leptospira­serovarMAT. The whole 68 cases of leptospirosis Hospital in Semarang has a history of interaction with the rats. 86Vektora Volume 7 Nomor 2, Oktober 2015: 85 - 92Prevalence of mice infected with the bacteria leptospira for sewer rat (R. norvegicus) 33.43% and the house mouse (R. tanezumi)­13.69%.­Leptospira­serovar­identified­in­rats­(R. norvegicus) is Djasiman (40.55% of 27 animals), Icterohaemorhagie (22.22%), autumnalis (20.35) and Bataviae (16.68%). While at the house mouse (R. tanezumi)­can­be­identified­serovar­autumnalis­(66.67%­of­3­tail)­and­Bataviae­(33.33%).­This­showsthat rats are an important reservoir of leptospirosis. This study shows that rats (R. norvegicus) and mice (R. tanezumi) has great potential to be a vector of transmission of the bacteria Leptospira in Semarang

LEPTOSPIROSIS CASE FINDING FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LEPTOSPIROSIS SURVEILLANCE IN SEMARANG CITY, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

Leptospirosis is primarily a disease of wild and domestic animals, and may be transmitted to humans through direct or indirect contact with infected animal urine. Leptospirosis is endemic in part of Indonesia territory. This work aimed to find the leptospirosis cases in Semarang city, one of the endemic leptospirosis in Indonesia by active and passive case finding. The leptospirosis were screened in the community base active case finding and passive case finding in primary health care center and hospitals, by using modified WHO-SEARO criteria and laboratory confirmation test. There were 191 cases detected with modified WHO-SEARO criteria, and among those cases only 31 cases confirmed by laboratory test, either by using Rapid Detection Test (RDT), Microscopic Agglutinations Test (MAT) or Polymerase chained reaction (PCR). It was found that leptospirosis was not correlated with rainfall season. Fever, headache and myalgia were the most common symptoms experienced by >90% patients. Active case finding add no more than 7% probable leptospirosis and 14% confirmed cases to the traditional passive case finding.  It was conclude that leptospirosis case finding is still challenging in the endemic area, such as Semarang city. The application of modified WHO-SEARO criteria as diagnostic tool may be needed to be further evaluated.   Keywords: Leptospirosis, Surveillance,  Case finding,  Endemic, Detection&nbsp

PREVALENSI TIKUS TERINFEKSI Leptospira interogans DI KOTA SEMARANG, JAWA TENGAH

AbstrakLeptospirosis merupakan zoonosis.Penyakit ini sering dijumpai di daerah perkotaan terutama yang sering dilanda banjir.Manusia terinfeksi bakteri Leptospira melalui air atau tanah yang terkontaminasi dengan urin atau cairan tubuh inang reservoir.Tikus adalah inang reservoir leptospirosis.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui populasi tikus yang terinfeksi Leptospira dan interaksi antara pasien suspek leptospira dengan tikus­Kota­Semarang,­Jawa­Tengah.­Selain­itu­dilakukan­pula­identifikasi­serovar­Leptospira­padatikus­diKota Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Jenis penelitian adalah potonglintang (cross sectional).Dilakukan pengamatan di rumah dan lingkungan tempat tinggal 68 kasus leptospirosis. Penangkapan tikus menggunakan perangkap hidup sejumlah 100 buah.Pemasang perangkap di dalam dan di luar rumah selama 3 hari.  Tikus yang tertangkap­diidentifikasi­dan­diambil­serum­darahnya­untuk­mengetahui­serovar­Leptospira­dengan­uji­MAT.Seluruh 68 kasus leptospirosis dari Rumah Sakit di Kota Semarang memiliki riwayat interaksi dengan tikus. Prevalensi tikus terinfeksi bakteri leptospira  untuk tikus got (R. norvegicus) 33,43% dan tikus rumah (R. tanezumi)­13,69%.­Serovar­Leptospira­yang­diidentifikasi­pada­tikus­got­(R.­norvegicus)­adalah­Djasiman(40,55% dari 27 ekor), Icterohaemorhagie (22,22% ), Autumnalis (20,35) dan Bataviae (16,68%). Sementara pada­tikus­rumah­(R.­tanezumi)­dapat­diidentifikasikan­serovar­Autumnalis­(66,67%­dari­3­ekor)­dan­Bataviae(33,33%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tikus merupakan reservoir penting dari leptospirosis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tikus got (R. norvegicus) dan tikus rumah (R. tanezumi) memiliki potensi besar untuk menjadi vektor penularan bakteri Leptospira di Kota Semarang.Kata Kunci : Leptospirosis, Tikus, Faktor Risiko, SemarangAbstractLeptospirosis­is­a­zoonosis.­The­disease­is­often­found­in­urban­areas,­especially­the­frequent­flooding.­Humansinfected­with­Leptospira­bacteria­through­water­or­soil­contaminated­with­urine­or­body­fluids­of­the­hostreservoir. Rats are the reservoir host of leptospirosis. This study aims to determine the population of mice infected with Leptospira and interactions between patients with suspected leptospirosis with rats Semarang, Central­Java.­In­addition­it­also­conducted­in­mice­Leptospira­serovar­identification­in­Semarang,­CentralJava. This type of research is potonglintang (cross­sectional). Observation at home and living environment 68 cases of leptospirosis.Catching mice using live traps some 100 pieces.Trapper inside and outside the house for­3­days.­Mice­that­were­caught­were­identified­and­taken­to­determine­blood­serum­test­leptospira­serovarMAT. The whole 68 cases of leptospirosis Hospital in Semarang has a history of interaction with the rats. 86Vektora Volume 7 Nomor 2, Oktober 2015: 85 - 92Prevalence of mice infected with the bacteria leptospira for sewer rat (R. norvegicus) 33.43% and the house mouse (R. tanezumi)­13.69%.­Leptospira­serovar­identified­in­rats­(R. norvegicus) is Djasiman (40.55% of 27 animals), Icterohaemorhagie (22.22%), autumnalis (20.35) and Bataviae (16.68%). While at the house mouse (R. tanezumi)­can­be­identified­serovar­autumnalis­(66.67%­of­3­tail)­and­Bataviae­(33.33%).­This­showsthat rats are an important reservoir of leptospirosis. This study shows that rats (R. norvegicus) and mice (R. tanezumi) has great potential to be a vector of transmission of the bacteria Leptospira in Semarang.Keyword : Leptospirosis, Rats, Risk Factor, Semaran

FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN MALARIA DI DESA SANTU�UN KECAMATAN MUARA UYA KABUPATEN TABALONG PROPINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Village of Santu�un is one of the malaria endemic areas in sub district of Muara Uya. Annual Parasite Insidence (API) for 2007-2009 are 11.4% (2007), 82.9% (2008), and 25.8% (2009). The majority of the population into workers' rubber tappers, gold miners, and loggers in the forest, and the habits of people who do not use mosquito nets when sleeping at night may be the risk factors for malaria. During this analysis of malaria data is still done manually with deskriptik analysis of data and graphic analysis of disease areas that do not describe the specific distribution of individuals according to the position of housing and possible risk factors associated with malaria. The purpose of this research is to investigate the risk factors that affect the incidence of malaria and the cluster of malaria cases. The study was an observational analytic study with case control study design. Total sample was 291 people. Conducting interviews using a questionnaire and capture the coordinates by using The Global Position System (GPS) in home cases. Data analysis with statistical analysis and spatial analysis with SaTscan. Statistical test three variables that influence the incidence of malaria namely: employment (loggers, gold miners, and rubber tappers), use of drugs and mosquito nets at night. During the year 2010 there are two clustering of cases of malaria. The first cluster at coordinates of 1.863500 S and 115.606700 E with a radius of 0.65 km, with a population of 42 people in neighbourhood 4 and 3 with p = 0.001. The second cluster is at coordinates of 1.838667 S and 115.607200 E with a radius of 0.67 km with a population of 26 people in the neighbourhood 5 with p = 0.001. These results indicate that significant clustering significantly. Relative risk amounted to 3.18 times This study proves that risk jobs (loggers, gold miners, and rubber tappers), use of drugs and the use of anti-mosquito bed nets are the risk factors of malaria and the existence of two clusters (groupings of cases) the incidence of malaria in the village of Santu'un