Method for static divergence analysis of sting-mounted wind tunnel models

Occurrence of static divergence will result in a catastrophic failure of wind tunnel models supported13; on sting or other types of support . The report presents an analysis method that can be used to design and/or13; verify the design of a model-balance-sting system for preventing occurrence of static divergence of the system. Detailed explanations are given to provide a clear understanding of the static divergence phenomenon. A brief discussion indicating the conditions for which divergence can become a concern and various design factors that the designer can consider to meet the stipulated criteria, is also included . In order to ensure adequate margin of safety against divergence in pitch plane the system must13; satisfy the following criteria : i) divergence parameter D shall not exceed a value of 0 .2, and, ii) elastic13; deflection of the balance-sting combination should be limited to 3 xB0;. Excellent agreement shown between calculated and test deflection data on a typical model indicates the high accuracy of the method of obtaining model deflection and angle of attack

Design Features And Stress Analysis Of A 0.686-Scale Standard Dynamics Model

A 0 .686-Scale Standard Dynamics Model Incorporating Some Tpecial Features Was Designed And Built At NAL .A Brief . Description Of The Various Design And Construction Features, Load Estimations And A Detailed Stress Analysis Of The Model Are Presented In The Report To Provide An Idea Of The Current Practice Adopted At NAL For The Design And Construction Of Wind Tunnel Models For Dynamic Stability Testing . The Model Was Successfully Employed For Check-Out And Validation Of A Forced-Oscillation Rig At Mach Numbers Up to 1.3 And Angles Of Attack Up to 20 Deg In The NAL 1.2m Blowdown Tunne

Estimation of stability derivatives and dynamic stability characteristics of basic and AEW HS-748 aircraft

Longitudinal and lateral stability derivatives of the basic and the AEW configurations of the HS-748 aircraft have been estimated. DATCOM and ESDU Data Sheet methods were employed to estimate the complete set of derivatives of the basic aircraft. Derivatives of the AEW aircraft were obtained by a judicious use of some of the measured static wind-tunnel force and moment data in the estimation scheme. Stick-fixed and stick-free dynamic stability characteristics of the basic and the AEW aircraft were computed using the estimated stability derivatives for a range of values of the aircraft weight and C.G. location. The dynamic stability characteristics are expressed in terms of the period, damping and time-to-half amplitude of the different modes of longitudinal and lateral motions. Both the basic and the AEW aircraft are found to be stable in all modes except the spiral mode, which exhibits a mild divergence. Damping of the lateral oscillatory mode with rudder-free, although positive, is rather low for both the basic and the AEW configurations. In general, installation of rotodome reduces the effectiveness of horizontal and vertical stabilizers and also the control effectiveness of the elevator and rudder, but it does not cause any major qualitative changes In the dynamic stability characteristics of the aircraft

Measurement Of Pitch-Damping Derivatives On Prithvi Model In The Nal 1.2m Tunnel

Pitch Damping Derivatives Were Measured On A 1/12 .5 Scale Prithvi Model Using The Forced Oscillation Technique In The NAL 1 .2m Tunnel. The Tests Were Made In The Mach Number Range Of 1 .5 To 3 .0 And At Angles Of Attack 0, 3 And 6 Deg . The Tests Were Conducted For Two Axes Of Oscillation Located At 3 .8 And 4 .05 Times The Body Diameter From The Nose. While A Majority Of The Tests Were Conducted On The 'Plus' Configuration, A Few Tests Were Also Conducted On The Into Configuration To Study The Effect Of Roll Orientation Of The Model . Both Configurations Exhibited Positive Damping Over The Range Of Test Parameters. Effects Of Angle Of Attack And Model Roll Orientation Were Found To Be Small

A Description Of Sub-Systems And Calibration Formulations Of The NAL Automatic Balance Calibration System (ABCS)

A Description Of Automatic Balance Calibration System (ABCS) Recently Installed And Commissioned At NAL Is Presented . The Description Includes Details Of The,Major Subsystems, Viz, Loading System, Measuring System And Data Acquisition And Processing System. Details Of The Various Calibration Formulations (Or The Mathematical Models) Adopted In The ABCS To Generate Different Types Of Calibration Matrices Are Presented. Methods Used For Determining The Calibration Co-Efficients And The Balance Loads Using The Outputs Are Briefly Described. A General Description Based On A Brief Review Of The Calibration Methods Of Balances Is Included For A Better Understanding Of The Methods Adopted In ABCS And Facilitate Effective Utilization Of The System. Balance Calibration Procedure Is Briefly Described And Details Of Various Data And Setup Files I That Are Required To Be Created Are Noted.Calibration Results Of A Typical 6-Component Balance, Consisting Of The Set Of 6 X 84 Calibration Co-Efficients, Plots Of Load Measurement Errors And Overall Measurement Accuracy Are Included

Efficient Air Desulfurization Catalysts Derived from Pig Manure Liquefaction Char

Biochar from the liquefaction of pig manure was used as a precursor of H2S desulfurization adsorbents. In its inorganic matter, it contains marked quantities of calcium, magnesium and iron, which are known as hydrogen sulfide oxidation catalysts. The char was used either as-received or mixed with 10% nanographite. The latter was added to increase both the content of the carbon phase and conductivity. ZnCl2 in two different ratios of char to an activation agent (1:1 and 1:2) was used to create the porosity in the carbon phase. The content of the later was between 18–45%. The activated samples adsorbed 144 mg/g H2S. Sulfur was the predominant product of reactive adsorption. Its deposition in the pore system and blockage of the most active pores ceased the materials’ activity. The presence of the catalytic phase was necessary but not sufficient to guarantee good performance. The developed porosity, which can store oxidation products in the resulting composite, is essential for the good performance of the desulfurization process. The surface of the composite with nanographite showed the highest catalytic activity, similar to that of the commercial Midas® carbon catalyst. The results obtained indicate that a high quality reactive adsorbent/catalyst for H2S removal can be obtained from pig manure liquefaction wastes

Metastability in zero-temperature dynamics: Statistics of attractors

The zero-temperature dynamics of simple models such as Ising ferromagnets provides, as an alternative to the mean-field situation, interesting examples of dynamical systems with many attractors (absorbing configurations, blocked configurations, zero-temperature metastable states). After a brief review of metastability in the mean-field ferromagnet and of the droplet picture, we focus our attention onto zero-temperature single-spin-flip dynamics of ferromagnetic Ising models. The situations leading to metastability are characterized. The statistics and the spatial structure of the attractors thus obtained are investigated, and put in perspective with uniform a priori ensembles. We review the vast amount of exact results available in one dimension, and present original results on the square and honeycomb lattices.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures. To appear in special issue of JPCM on Granular Matter edited by M. Nicodem

Diverging and Converging: Integrative Insights on a Paradox Meta-perspective

Paradox theory stands at an exciting moment in organization and management theory. Scholars increasingly seek out insights about the nature and management of contradictory demands to explain a wide array of organizational phenomena across multiple levels of analysis. Our two reviews in the 2016 Academy of Management Annals attest to this growing breadth and depth, each integrating and expanding related, yet different bodies of research. Schad, Lewis, Raisch, and Smith (2016) emphasize the depth of scholarship by analyzing an increasing number of paradox studies within management science. Putnam, Fairhurst, and Banghart (2016) highlight the breadth of scholarship by comparing paradoxes that emerge from multiple theories and paradigms that embrace an interdisciplinary orientation. By drawing on distinct literatures, these two manuscripts reveal diverse insights and reflections about paradoxical demands in organizations. In this integrative reflection, we juxtapose our two review articles, surface distinct assumptions and emphases, highlight complementarities, and raise questions for future scholarship. In doing so, we hope to fuel insights toward a meta-perspective on paradox

Salvinorin A Regulates Dopamine Transporter Function Via A Kappa Opioid Receptor and ERK1/2-Dependent Mechanism

Salvinorin A (SalA), a selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, produces dysphoria and pro-depressant like effects. These actions have been attributed to inhibition of striatal dopamine release. The dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopamine transmission via uptake of released neurotransmitter. KORs are apposed to DAT in dopamine nerve terminals suggesting an additional target by which SalA modulates dopamine transmission. SalA produced a concentration-dependent, nor-binaltorphimine (BNI)- and pertussis toxin-sensitive increase of ASP+ accumulation in EM4 cells coexpressing myc-KOR and YFP-DAT, using live cell imaging and the fluorescent monoamine transporter substrate, trans 4-(4-(dimethylamino)-styryl)-N-methylpyridinium) (ASP+). Other KOR agonists also increased DAT activity that was abolished by BNI pretreatment. While SalA increased DAT activity, SalA treatment decreased serotonin transporter (SERT) activity and had no effect on norepinephrine transporter (NET) activity. In striatum, SalA increased the Vmax for DAT mediated DA transport and DAT surface expression. SalA up-regulation of DAT function is mediated by KOR activation and the KOR-linked extracellular signal regulated kinase-½ (ERK1/2) pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation and BRET studies revealed that DAT and KOR exist in a complex. In live cells, DAT and KOR exhibited robust FRET signals under basal conditions. SalA exposure caused a rapid and significant increase of the FRET signal. This suggests that the formation of KOR and DAT complexes is promoted in response to KOR activation. Together, these data suggest that enhanced DA transport and decreased DA release resulting in decreased dopamine signaling may contribute to the dysphoric and pro-depressant like effects of SalA and other KOR agonists

Self-assembly of Silver Nanoparticles and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on Decomposed GaAs Surfaces

Atomic Force Microscopy complemented by Photoluminescence and Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction has been used to study self-assembly of silver nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes on thermally decomposed GaAs (100) surfaces. It has been shown that the decomposition leads to the formation of arsenic plate-like structures. Multiwall carbon nanotubes spin coated on the decomposed surfaces were mostly found to occupy the depressions between the plates and formed boundaries. While direct casting of silver nanoparticles is found to induce microdroplets. Annealing at 300°C was observed to contract the microdroplets into combined structures consisting of silver spots surrounded by silver rings. Moreover, casting of colloidal suspension consists of multiwall carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles is observed to cause the formation of 2D compact islands. Depending on the multiwall carbon nanotubes diameter, GaAs/multiwall carbon nanotubes/silver system exhibited photoluminescence with varying strength. Such assembly provides a possible bottom up facile way of roughness controlled fabrication of plasmonic systems on GaAs surfaces