Experimental characterization of a supercapacitor-based electrical torque-boost system for downsized ICE vehicles

The need to improve fuel economy and reduce the emission of CO2 and other harmful pollution from internal-combustion-engine vehicles has led to engine downsizing. However, downsized turbocharged engines exhibit a relatively low torque capability at low engine speeds. To overcome this problem, an electrical torque boost may be employed while accelerating and changing gear and to facilitate energy recovery during regenerative braking. This paper describes the operational requirements of a supercapacitor-based torque-boost system, outlines the design and sizing of the electrical drive-train components, and presents experimental characterization of a demonstrator system

Dynamics of quantum entanglement in the reservoir with memory effects

The non-Markovian dynamics of quantum entanglement is studied by the Shabani-Lidar master equation when one of entangled quantum systems is coupled to a local reservoir with memory effects. The completely positive reduced dynamical map can be constructed in the Kraus representation. Quantum entanglement decays more slowly in the non-Markovian environment. The decoherence time for quantum entanglement can be markedly increased by the change of the memory kernel. It is found out that the entanglement sudden death between quantum systems and entanglement sudden birth between the system and reservoir occur at different instants.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

The newly observed open-charm states in quark model

Comparing the measured properties of the newly observed open-charm states D(2550), D(2600), D(2750), D(2760), D_{s1}(2710), D_{sJ}(2860), and D_{sJ}(3040) with our predicted spectroscopy and strong decays in a constituent quark model, we find that: (1) the D(2\,^1S_0) assignment to D(2550) remains open for its too broad width determined by experiment; (2) the D(2600) and $D_{s1}(2710)$ can be identified as the 2\,^3S_1-1\,^3D_1 mixtures; (3) if the D(2760) and D(2750) are indeed the same resonance, they would be the D(1\,^3D_3); otherwise, they could be assigned as the D(1\,^3D_3) and $D^\prime_2(1D)$, respectively; (4) the $D_{sJ}(2860)$ could be either the $D_{s1}(2710)$'s partner or the D_s(1\,^3D_3); and (5) both the $D_{s1}(2P)$ and $D^\prime_{s1}(2P)$ interpretations for the $D_{sJ}(3040)$ seem likely. The $E1$ and $M1$ radiative decays of these sates are also studied. Further experimental efforts are needed to test the present quarkonium assignments for these new open-charm states.Comment: 26 pages,7 figures, journal versio

Simulation of reference crop evapotransiration in a plastic solar green house using a simplified energy balance approach

Proceedings of International conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences (ABS 2015) held in Beijing, China on July 25-27, 2015With larger planting areas being used in greenhouses, evaluating crop evapotranspiration in a greenhouse has garnered greater attention. Currently, calculating the reference crop evapotranspiration for a greenhouse crop through using the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by FAO is difficult because the wind speed in a greenhouse is approximate zero. In order to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration in a greenhouse by the Penman-Monteith modified formula, a simplified model for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration in a greenhouse was proposed based on the energy balance equation, which was the correlative function between reference crop evapotranspiration and radiation and temperature. The model's parameters were obtained through meteorological data taken from the inside of a greenhouse in 2011. Then, the model was validated by using meteorological data within the greenhouse in 2012, and the fitted value of the model agreed with the calculated value of the formulas with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9554. This model is an easy means of calculating the reference crop evapotranspiration in a greenhouse because less meteorological factors are needed. Furthermore, the model provides a theoretical basis for crop irrigation in greenhouses

Process Analysis and Trial Tests for Hot-Rolled Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel Clad Plates

The trials of 304 stainless steel-clad plate made of plain Q345B carbon steel were performed on hot-rolling line of the Hesteel Group. After the two runs of pilot production, the key process parameters for the stainless steel/carbon steel clad plate were found to meet the GB/T 8165-2008 requirements. The interface shear strength of the clad plate was higher than 360 MPa, the yield strength of the final product was over 257 MPa, the clad plate tensile strength and elongation exceeded 351 MPa and 39.8%, respectively. The interpenetration of stainless steel and plain carbon steel layers was established to be complete, with the adequate composite interface. The tensile and shear properties of stainless steel-clad plates produced by the rolling process were at the same level as those obtained via the explosive method as an alternative, while their production cost were somewhat reduced.Проведено промышленное испытание листа, плакированного нержавеющей сталью 304 с обычной углеродистой сталью Q345B, с использованием линии горячей прокатки группы Hesteel. После двух этапов опытного производства было установлено, что основные техниРефераты ческие показатели производства листа удовлетворяют требованиям GB/T 8165 2008. Прочностьпри сдвиге на поверхности раздела плакированного листа превышала 360 МПа, предел текучести конечного продукта превышал 257 МПа, прочность при растяжении испытуемого материала превышала 351 МПа, а удлинение плакированного листа превышало 39,8%. Показано, что степень амальгамации слоя нержавеющей стали и нелегированной углеродистой стали была высокой, а поверхность раздела композита ровной и совершенной. Свойства при растяжении и сдвиге плакированных нержавеющей сталью листов, изготовленных с помощью процесса взрывной прокатки, соответствовали таковым, изготовленным путем взрывного процесса. Однако эффективность процесса взрывной прокатки существенно выше, чем взрывного процесса, при этом производственные затраты были гораздо меньше.Проведено промислове випробування листа, плакованого нержавіючої сталлю 304 зі звичайною вуглецевою сталлю Q345B, з використанням лінії гарячої прокатки групи Hesteel. Після двох етапів дослідного виробництва було встановлено, що основні технічні показники виробництва листа задовольняють вимогам GB/T 8165-2008. Міцність при зсуві на поверхні розділу плакованого листа перевищувала 360 МПа, межа плинності кінцевого продукту перевищував 257 МПа, міцність при розтягузі випробуваного матеріалу перевищувала 351 МПа, а подовження плакованого листа перевищувало 39,8%. Показано, що ступінь амальгамування шару нержавіючої сталі і нелегованої вуглецевої сталі була високою, а поверхня розділу композиту рівною і досконалою. Властивості при розтязі і зсуві плакованих нержавіючої сталлю листів, виготовлених за допомогою процесу вибуховий прокатки, відповідали таким, виготовленим шляхом вибухового процесу. Однак ефективність процесу вибуховий прокатки істотно вище, ніж вибухового процесу, при цьому виробничі витрати були набагато менше

Born-Infeld Type Phantom Model in the ω−ω′\omega-\omega' Plane

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of Born-Infeld(B-I) phantom model in the $\omega-\omega'$ plane, which is defined by the equation of state parameter for the dark energy and its derivative with respect to $N$(the logarithm of the scale factor $a$). We find the scalar field equation of motion in $\omega-\omega'$ plane, and show mathematically the property of attractor solutions which correspond to $\omega_\phi\sim-1$, $\Omega_\phi=1$, which avoid the "Big rip" problem and meets the current observations well.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, some references adde

Coherent electron-phonon coupling and polaron-like transport in molecular wires

We present a technique to calculate the transport properties through one-dimensional models of molecular wires. The calculations include inelastic electron scattering due to electron-lattice interaction. The coupling between the electron and the lattice is crucial to determine the transport properties in one-dimensional systems subject to Peierls transition since it drives the transition itself. The electron-phonon coupling is treated as a quantum coherent process, in the sense that no random dephasing due to electron-phonon interactions is introduced in the scattering wave functions. We show that charge carrier injection, even in the tunneling regime, induces lattice distortions localized around the tunneling electron. The transport in the molecular wire is due to polaron-like propagation. We show typical examples of the lattice distortions induced by charge injection into the wire. In the tunneling regime, the electron transmission is strongly enhanced in comparison with the case of elastic scattering through the undistorted molecular wire. We also show that although lattice fluctuations modify the electron transmission through the wire, the modifications are qualitatively different from those obtained by the quantum electron-phonon inelastic scattering technique. Our results should hold in principle for other one-dimensional atomic-scale wires subject to Peierls transitions.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B (to appear march 2001

Enhanced hole transport in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes with a p-type doped quantum barrier

We study hole transport behavior of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with the dual wavelength emission method. It is found that at low injection levels, light emission is mainly from quantum wells near p-GaN, indicating that hole transport depth is limited in the active region. Emission from deeper wells only occurs under high current injection. However, with Mg-doped quantum barriers, holes penetrate deeper within the active region even under low injection, increasing the radiative recombination. Moreover, the improved hole transport leads to reduced forward voltage and enhanced light generation. This is also verified by numerical analysis of hole distribution and energy band structure. © 2013 Optical Society of America