Affine surfaces with a huge group of automorphisms

We describe a family of rational affine surfaces S with huge groups of automorphisms in the following sense: the normal subgroup of Aut(S) generated by all its algebraic subgroups is not generated by any countable family of such subgroups, and the quotient of Aut(S) by this subgroup contains a free group over an uncountable set of generators

Novel Indole‑<i>N</i>‑glucoside, TA-1887 As a Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Inhibition of the renal sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) increases urinary glucose excretion (UGE) and thus reduces blood glucose levels during hyperglycemia. To explore the potential of new antihyperglycemic agents, we synthesized and determined the human SGLT2 (hSGLT2) inhibitory potential of novel substituted 3-benzylindole-<i>N</i>-glucosides <b>6</b>. Optimization of <b>6</b> resulted in the discovery of 3-(4-cyclopropylbenzyl)-4-fluoroindole-<i>N</i>-glucoside <b>6a-4</b> (TA-1887), a highly potent and selective hSGLT2 inhibitor, with pronounced antihyperglycemic effects in high-fat diet-fed KK (HF-KK) mice. Our results suggest the potential of indole-<i>N</i>-glucosides as novel antihyperglycemic agents through inhibition of renal SGLT2