INCREASING NUMBER OF SMALL FARMS IN INDONESIA: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

According to agricultural cencus data, the percentage of small farms (holding <0.5 ha) has increased from 48.5% in 1993 to 56.5% in 2003. Evidence from micro panel data is also inline with this observation. In rice farming region of Java, average farm size has declined from 0.49 ha in 1995 to 0.36 ha in 2007. In the off-Java region, average farm size declined from 1.49 ha in 1995 to 1.35 ha in 2007. The increasing trend of small farm is due to several factors, namely: high population presure coupled with limited non-farm employment, persistent trend of land conversion to non-farm use, and traditional practice of land inheritance. Due to small farm size, rural farm household have to diversify their income to meet their family needs. In Java, 51.7% of household income in 2007 is accounted for nonfarm income. This observation implies that strategic policies to increase household income in rural areas are by increasing access to land resources coupled with promoting off-farm and non-farm employment.small farm, land conversion, non-farm employment, Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use,

Spatial networks, labor supply, and income dynamics: Evidence from Indonesian villages

"This paper uses household panel and village census data from Indonesia to examine the impact of spatial connectivity (road) development on household income growth and nonagricultural labor supply. The empirical results show that the impacts of improvements in local road quality (which positively correlate with transportation speed) on income growth and the transition to nonagricultural labor markets depend on the distance to economic centers and the household education level. In particular, postprimary education significantly increases the benefit from local spatial connectivity improvement in remote areas and promotes labor transition to nonagricultural sectors. Education and local road quality are complementary, mutually increasing income growth and nonagricultural labor income in remote areas. The gain from improvements in local connectivity (measured by average road quality) depends on village remoteness and initial household-level endowments." from authors' abstractincome growth, Spatial connectivity, Rural economy, Education, Social protection, Human capital,

The Tradition of Pottery Craftsmanship and Its Transmission System in Pagelaran Village, Malang Regency

This research aims at analyzing the phenomenon of the culture and transmission system of pottery craftsmanship in Pagelaran Village, Malang Regency. The analysis was conducted thoroughly and comprehensively using qualitative approach and, specifically, with the help of phenomenologist research design. The field data were acquired from thorough interviews, FGDs, observations, and literary studies with the researcher as the key instrument. To prove the reliability of the data, the researcher used the techniques of source triangulation, method triangulation, and theory triangulation. The data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, presentation, verification, and paradigmatic theory analysis by applying the perspective of socio cultural theory and arts education theory. The findings presented that: first, the cultural transmission of pottery craftsmanship in Pagelaran has been running through seven generations that is still being preserved and continued at the moment; second, there are three conceptualizations on the transmission system of pottery craftsmanship in Pagelaran, those are the transmission system in informal, non-formal, and formal educational institutions. &nbsp; Keywords: pottery of Pagelaran, transmission system, arts educatio

Climate Change, Perceptions and the Heterogeneity of Adaptation and Rice Productivity: Evidence from Indonesian Villages

This paper examines how change in rainy season induces adaptation strategy among farmers and affects rice production using recently collected household data from seven provinces in Indonesia. The data demonstrate delays in the perceived onset of rainy season and increased uncertainty in rainfall pattern in the region. Empirical analysis shows that (i) delay in the onset significantly decreases land productivity growth in rice production; one month delay offsets the average growth observed in 1999-2007, (ii) irrigation share significantly explains the growth of land productivity, and (iii) farmers change planting timing in response to delays in the onset of rainy season (water availability). Our results show that delays in rainfall decrease returns to irrigation infrastructure. It is also found that individual-level variations in the perceived changes of the onset explain the extent to which such an adaptation strategy is taken as a measure to respond to climate change

INCREASING NUMBER OF SMALL FARMS IN INDONESIA: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

According to agricultural cencus data, the percentage of small farms (holding <0.5 ha) has increased from 48.5% in 1993 to 56.5% in 2003. Evidence from micro panel data is also inline with this observation. In rice farming region of Java, average farm size has declined from 0.49 ha in 1995 to 0.36 ha in 2007. In the off-Java region, average farm size declined from 1.49 ha in 1995 to 1.35 ha in 2007. The increasing trend of small farm is due to several factors, namely: high population presure coupled with limited non-farm employment, persistent trend of land conversion to non-farm use, and traditional practice of land inheritance. Due to small farm size, rural farm household have to diversify their income to meet their family needs. In Java, 51.7% of household income in 2007 is accounted for nonfarm income. This observation implies that strategic policies to increase household income in rural areas are by increasing access to land resources coupled with promoting off-farm and non-farm employment

Climate Change, Perceptions and the Heterogeneity of Adaptation and Rice Productivity: Evidence from Indonesian Villages

This paper examines how change in rainfall patterns induces autonomous adaptation of farmers and affects their rice production. Based on recently collected household data from seven provinces in Indonesia, the analysis clearly demonstrate delays in the onset of rainy season and increased uncertainty in rainfall patterns in the region. Farmers make sequential decisions: adjusting planting timing in response to delays in the onset of rainy season while changing crop variety responding to delays in the end of the previous year’s rainy season. In the case of rice production, (i) delay in the onset significantly decreases land productivity growth in rice production; one month delay offsets the average growth observed in 1999-2007, and (ii) though irrigation share significantly explains the growth of land productivity, delayed onset increasingly constrains the role of irrigation

Are Schooling and Roads Complementary? Evidence from Rural Indonesia

This paper examines the impact of spatial connectivity on household income growth and non-agriculture labor supply, combining household panel data and village census in Indonesia during the period of 1995-2007. Empirical results show that the impacts of improved local road quality on income growth and the transition to non-agricultural labor markets depends on household education and distance to economic centers. In particular, post-primary education significantly increases the benefit from the improvement of local spatial connectivity in remote areas, promoting labor transition to non-agricultural sectors. Education and local road quality are complementary, mutually increasing non-agricultural labor supply and income in remote areas

Spatial Networks, Labor Supply and Income Dynamics: Evidence from Indonesian Villages

This paper examines the impact of spatial connectivity development on household income growth and non-agriculture labor supply, combining household panel data and village census in Indonesia. Empirical results show that the impacts of the improvement of local road quality in the area (positively correlated with transportation speed) on income growth and the transition to non-agricultural labor markets depends on the distance to economic centers and household education. In particular, post-primary education significantly increases the benefit from the local spatial connectivity improvement in remote areas and labor transition to non-agricultural sectors. Education and local road quality are complementary, mutually increasing income growth and non-agricultural labor income in remote areas. The gain from improvements in local connectivity (measured by the average road quality) depends on village remoteness and initial household-level endowment

LOCAL DECORATIVE VARIETY INNOVATION OF MANTINGAN AS A CREATIVE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF JEPARA CARVING ART.

<p>The purpose of this research is to know the art of Jepara sculpture design which is currently experiencing design stalemate in Jepara and the process of inheriting the ability to carve on craftsman Jepara, innovate the art of carving through the application of decoration Mantingan to appear unique, quality and contemporary and produce a form of prototype 2-dimensional and prototype 3 dimensions of Jepara carving art that is unique, quality, and contemporary. This research design is designed by using Research and Development (R & D) approach. Research location in Jepara. Research subject is carving art of Jepara. Research target is model of inheritance ability of carving art in Jepara, shape of quality of craft design and present design of carving of present moment of market demand, innovation model of ornamental art of Jepara carving, 2 dimensional and three dimensional prototype. Data collection methods used were observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive and quantitative statistical methods to analyze the literature study data and needs descriptions.The results showed the following. First, the design of Jepara carving art has been regional identity but less visualized in the style of contemporary and there is no craftsman who raises Mantingan style as an alternative new design in Jepara. The inheritance system of intergenerary carving ability is still done in familial patterns and informally, especially during the process of carving work in studio or production place. Second, the concept of innovation developed by researchers in order to produce unique, quality, and contemporary carvings through the use of ornamental subject matter Mantingan is vertical innovation, horizontal innovation, and geographical innovation. Thirdly, this research has produced 3 pieces of interior wall decoration design through the application of ornamentic and ornamental Islamic and figurative style disguised of Mantingan in the present style. The present impression arises because of the interwoven visual interplanation of Mantingan both internally and externally while still pursuing symbolic values as well as beautiful formalistic expressions and compositions. Suggestions that can be proposed are two-dimensional prototype and 3 dimensions need to be socialized to centers Jepara craft production so that its existence can improve the welfare of the community.</p