RUMAH TANGGA MIGRAN DAN KESEHATAN ANAK YANG DITINGGALKAN ANALISA DATA SAKERTI 2007

This paper discuss about migrant household and the health outcome of the children’s age 0-14 years old. Using data IFLS at 2007, this paper has a purpose knowing the condition of child health at the migrant household where father’s migrant, mother’s migrant, parental migrant, and non migrant household. Using on the data of IFLS at 2007, founded 13.402 respondents at age 0-14 years old. Those are involves 505 children (3,8%) live at migrant father household; 285 children (2,1%) live at migrant mother household; 105 children (0,8%) live at father-mother migrant household and 12.507 children (93,3%) live at non migrant household. The result of this analysis such as: (1) the health status of children left hebind lower than children who’s living with their parent; (2) non migrant household is more educated, because the year of schoolingof household’s head and the caregiver of the children 0-14 years old arehigher than migrant household; (3) the absenteeism of mother on child health status (based on the result of the nurse observation, BMI and Hb level) at migrant mother household is lower than the child health at the others migrant household; (4) household in the urban area gives a positive impact on the health status based on the result of the nurse observation and BMI, but gives negative impact (decrease) on the child’s Hb level; (5) the increase of per capita expenditure gives a significant impact toward the increase of health child status based on the observation of nurse and BMI, but gives the decrease impact on Hb level and BMI after has been interacted by migrant household status

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Migrasi Rumah Tangga : Eksplorasi Data Sakerti 1997-2000 = HOUSEHOLD MIGRATION : Understanding the Migration Process in Indonesia in the Period of 1997-2001

The research aims to know about household characteristics and to know about factors affecting household migration between the year 19972000. This research used longitudinal data from Indonesia Family Life Survey/IFLS 1997 and 2000, where 7251 household panels were taken as samples. Independency test with Chi Square and analysis of variance was used as a method of statistics to find out household characteristicswhile the logistics regression test was used to find out factors affecting household migration. The research showsfirst there is significant difference between non-migrant household, partly-migrant household (some family members migrating), and complete-migrant household (entire families migrating) based on household characteristics. Complete-migrant household is characterized to have higher level of education, type of nuclear household, household\u27s income. However, they are low in term of age of household head, number of householder, house ownership, involvement and ownership in farm business, and remittance compared to non-migrant household and partly-migrant household. Second, Householder\u27s education gives positive influence on household migration in 1997-2000. However, factors such as age of household head, number of householder, householder\u27s who works in farm, house ownership, remittance, and Java Non-Java status of living place, gives negative influence on household migration between the year 1997-2000. Factors such as age of household\u27s head, number of householder, education of householder, householder who works in the farm business, house ownership, remittance, and Java Non-Java status of living place, can be used simulta neously to predict the possibility of migrant household or non-migrant house hold. Keyword : migration, household, IFLS (Indonesia Family Life Survey

Study Of The Tsunami Aftermath And Recovery (STAR): Ketahanan dan Pemulihan di Sumatra Setelah Tsunami

Tsunami di Samudera Hindia pada tahun 2004 telah menghancurkan ribuan komunitas di negara-negara yang berbatasan dengan Samudera Hindia. Kerusakan paling parah terjadi di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam dan Provinsi Sumatera Utara, di mana diperkirakan 170.000 jiwa tewas dan ratusan kilometer lingkungan di sepanjang garis pantai hancur. Bencana Tsunami ini telah mendorong diberikannya bantuan yang begitu besar baik dari Pemerintah Indonesia, LSM dan donor bagi kedua provinsi ini. Pada tahun 2007, upaya untuk membangun kembali daerah yang terdampak Tsunami di Indonesia tercatat sebagai proyek rekonstruksi yang paling besar yang pernah dilakukan di sebuah negara berkembang. Studi Paska Tsunami dan Pemulihannya (The Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery) atau STAR merupakan sebuah studi longitudinal yang mengumpulkan informasi dari individu, rumah tangga, komunitas dan fasilitas di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam dan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Studi dirancang untuk mengumpulkan data tentang dampak Tsunami Tahun 2004 baik dampak pendek maupun dampak jangka panjang serta berbagai upaya pemulihan yang dilakukan. Untuk mengetahui dampak Tsunami terhadap kehidupan individu, komunitas dan keluarga serta bagaimana respon mereka terhadap bencana tersebut, kami melaksanakan STAR. Pada tahun 2005 kami mulai dengan mengunjungi kembali 32.000 responden, tersebar dalam 487 komunitas yang sebelumnya pada tahun 2004 sudah pernah diwawancarai dalam survei rumah tangga oleh BPS (Survei Pra-Tsunami). Wawancara paska Tsunami kami lakukan setiap tahun selama 5 tahun sesudah terjadinya Tsunami. Sebanyak 98% dari responden BPS tersebut selamat dari bencana Tsunami di mana kami kemudian berhasil mewawancarai 96% dari mereka, untuk setidaknya sekali dari rangkaian wawancara paska Tsunami yang kami lakukan. Data yang dihasilkan dari studi ini memberikan informasi tentang dampak jangka pendek yang dialami oleh masyarakat dan upaya pemulihan di wilayah-wilayah yang paling parah terdampak Tsunami, yang mana kemudian kami bandingkannya dengan kehidupan masyarakat di wilayah yang tidak terdampak atau hanya sedikit terdampak Tsunami. Kami akan melaporkan hasil studi kami berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan sejak tahun 2004 sampai tahun 2010. Saat ini kami sedang melakukan survei lanjutan 10 tahun setelah Tsunami

Studying Displacement After a Disaster Using Large-Scale Survey Methods: Sumatra After the 2004 Tsunami

Understanding of human vulnerability to environmental change has advanced in recent years, but measuring vulnerability and interpreting mobility across many sites differentially affected by change remains a significant challenge. Drawing on longitudinal data collected on the same respondents who were living in coastal areas of Indonesia before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and were re-interviewed after the tsunami, this paper illustrates how the combination of population-based survey methods, satellite imagery and multivariate statistical analyses has the potential to provide new insights into vulnerability, mobility and impacts of major disasters on population well-being. The data are used to map and analyze vulnerability to post-tsunami displacement across the provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra and to compare patterns of migration after the tsunami between damaged areas and areas not directly affected by the tsunami. The comparison reveals that migration after a disaster is less selective overall than migration in other contexts. Gender and age, for example, are strong predictors of moving from undamaged areas but are not related to displacement in areas experiencing damage. In our analyses traditional predictors of vulnerability do not always operate in expected directions. Low levels of socioeconomic status and education were not predictive of moving after the tsunami, although for those who did move, they were predictive of displacement to a camp rather than a private home. This survey-based approach, though not without difficulties, is broadly applicable to many topics in human-environment research, and potentially opens the door to rigorous testing of new hypotheses in this literature

Education, Vulnerability, and Resilience After a Natural Disaster

The extent to which education provides protection in the face of a large-scale natural disaster is investigated. Using longitudinal population-representative survey data collected in two provinces on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, before and after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, we examine changes in a broad array of indicators of well-being of adults. Focusing on adults who were living, before the tsunami, in areas that were subsequently severely damaged by the tsunami, better educated males were more likely to survive the tsunami, but education is not predictive of survival among females. Education is not associated with levels of post-traumatic stress among survivors 1 year after the tsunami, or with the likelihood of being displaced. Where education does appear to play a role is with respect to coping with the disaster over the longer term. The better educated were far less likely than others to live in a camp or other temporary housing, moving, instead, to private homes, staying with family or friends, or renting a new home. The better educated were more able to minimize dips in spending levels following the tsunami, relative to the cuts made by those with little education. Five years after the tsunami, the better educated were in better psycho-social health than those with less education. In sum, education is associated with higher levels of resilience over the longer term

Iron Deficiency and the Well-being of Older Adults: Early Results From a Randomized Nutrition Intervention

Iron deficiency is widespread throughout the developing world. We provide new evidence on the effect of iron deficiency on economic and social prosperity of older adults drawing on data from a random assignment treatment-control design intervention. The Work and Iron Status Evaluation is an on-going study following over 17,000 individuals in Central Java, Indonesia. Half the respondents receive a treatment of 120 mg of iron every week for a year; the controls receive a placebo. Compliance is monitored carefully. Results from the first six months of the intervention are presented for adults age 30 through 70 years. Males who were iron deficient prior to the intervention and who are assigned to the treatment are better off in terms of physical health, psycho-social health and economic success. These men are more likely to be working, sleep less, lose less work time to illness, are more energetic, more able to conduct physically arduous activities and their psycho-social health is better. There is evidence that economic productivity of these males also increased. Among iron-deficient males assigned to the treatment who were also self-employed prior to the baseline, hourly earnings rose substantially and so they earned more on a monthly basis. Benefits for women are in the same direction but the effects are more muted. The results provide unambiguous evidence in support of the hypothesis that health has a causal effect on economic prosperity of males during middle and older ages

Effect of stress on cardiometabolic health 12 years after the Indian Ocean tsunami: a quasi-experimental longitudinal study

Background: Stress is associated with elevated cardiometabolic health risks, but establishing a causal mechanism is challenging, and evidence of the longer-term effects of large-scale stressors on health is limited. To fill these gaps, we investigated the effect of elevated stress from direct exposure to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on diabetes risk 12 years later. The Indian Ocean tsunami destroyed the built and natural environment along coastal Aceh, Indonesia, killed 5% of the population, and caused very high levels of post-traumatic stress among those who were exposed. Methods: In a quasi-experimental research design, we focused on respondents who were living, at the time of the tsunami, in districts that had a vulnerable coastline in Aceh, Indonesia. Using unique, population-representative, longitudinal survey data collected before and after the tsunami (the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery), we compared diabetes incidence in adults directly exposed to the trauma of the tsunami with diabetes incidence in adults not directly exposed. Specifically, adults who were living, at the time of the tsunami, in communities that were heavily damaged were compared with those living in other communities in the same districts that were not damaged. We collected biomarker data 12 years after the tsunami, including levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), from respondents who were still living in a randomly selected sample of baseline communities, as well as from baseline respondents who had moved elsewhere. Findings: Of 4538 respondents aged 20–65 years for whom biomarker data were collected, 6·7% were diabetic (HbA1c ≥6·5%) and, of the 1882 respondents aged 40–65 years, 12·2% were diabetic. Among men in this older age group, when controlling for age, those who were living in heavily damaged communities at the time of the tsunami were 6 percentage points more likely to be diabetic than those who were living in communities that were not damaged (p=0·008). There was no evidence of elevated diabetes incidence among younger men or among women living in heavily damaged communities: the difference between the exposed and unexposed groups was small (–0·3 percentage points) and not significant (p=0·77) for these respondents Interpretation: Exposure to mortality and destruction at the community level is unlikely to explain these differences in diabetes incidence among the exposed and unexposed by age group and sex. It is likely that the loss of livelihood took a greater toll on the cardiometabolic health of older men, who faced greater difficulty rebuilding their wealth later in the life course than did younger men and women of all ages. The results suggest an important economic pathway by which stress-related exposures can affect cardiometabolic health. Funding: Wellcome Trust (OPOH 106853/A/15/Z), the National Institute on Aging (R01 AG031266), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD052762), the National Science Foundation (CMS-0527763), and the World Bank

Cutting the costs of attrition: Results from the Indonesia Family Life Survey

Attrition is the Achilles heel of longitudinal surveys. Drawing on our experience in the Indonesia Family Life Survey, we describe survey design and field strategies that contributed to minimizing attrition over four waves of the survey. The data are used to illustrate the selectivity of respondents who attrit from the survey and, also the selectivity of respondents who move from the place they were interviewed at baseline and are subsequently interviewed in a new location. These results provide insights into the nature of selection that will arise in studies that fail to track and interview movers. Attrition, and types of attrition, are related in complex ways to a broad array of characteristics measured at baseline. Our evidence also suggests attrition may be related to characteristics that are not observed in our baseline. We draw on data from a Survey of Surveyors and describe characteristics of both the interviewers and the interview that predict attrition in later waves. These characteristics point to possible strategies that may reduce levels of attrition and may also reduce the impact of attrition on the interpretation of models estimated with longitudinal data. [Working Paper No. 259]Attrition, longitudinal studies, survey design, Indonesia