Email Classification Using Adaptive Ontologies Learning

Email is a way of communication for the today’s internet world, private and government sector or public sector all are used email for communication with their clients. They can freely send number of mail to their client without disturbing them. Now a day email communication is also a way of advertising, some mail is also spam, lots of social mails are there. Categorization and handling lots of email is an important task for the researches, as they all are working in this field by using the Natural language processing and ontology extraction process. User get frustrated for handling lots of mails and reading those for finding there is any important mail, sometime user delete lots of mail without reading and in that case may be some important mail which contain the important information may be about meeting, seminar etc. is also deleted. For avoiding these scenarios here auto updation of schedule calendar procedure is proposed by the author. Concept extraction and clustering of concept is done based on fuzzy logic, similar mail pattern is grouped in a same cluster if similarity is less than threshold value a new cluster is defined for that. From the extracted concept author establish the relationship between them and generate the result. Computation overhead is also calculated for different set of mails and finds that it takes very less time in computing large email data set

Ethnopharmacology Potentials of Mangrove Bulalo, North Gorontalo

Ethnopharmacology is the study of the practical utilization of mangrove plants which have been used as a source of traditional medicine by people living in certain areas since ancient times for generations. This study aims to determine the diversity of mangrove species as the ethnopharmacology of Bulalo, Kwandang District, North Gorontalo. The research was conducted from March to May 2023. The method used in this study was semi-structured interviews. The results showed that species that have the potential for ethnopharmacology are widely used by local people as traditional medicines. Based on the results of interviews with the local community, of the 14 ethnopharmacological species found in Bulalo Village, 7 species have medicinal properties and have been used as traditional medicines by the community for generations, such as Avicennia alba, Bruguiera gymnorriza, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculate, Rhizophora mucronate, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia casseolaris, which has been used as a medicine containing phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenols. The parts used in traditional medicine are the fruit, leaves, and sap. The ways to use it include hypertension, hepatitis, asthma, flatulence, recovering energy after giving birth, mouth sores, malaria, dysentery, ulcers, cholera, sore eyes, itching, internal injuries, boils, healing burns, and bruises

Non-Gaussianity Consistency Relation for Multi-field Inflation

While detection of the "local form" bispectrum of primordial perturbations would rule out all single-field inflation models, multi-field models would still be allowed. We show that multi-field models described by the $\delta N$ formalism obey an inequality between $f_{\rm NL}$ and one of the local-form {\it trispectrum} amplitudes, $\tau_{\rm NL}$, such that $\tau_{\rm NL}>\frac12(\frac65f_{\rm NL})^2$ with a possible logarithmic scale dependence, provided that 2-loop terms are small. Detection of a violation of this inequality would rule out most of multi-field models, challenging inflation as a mechanism for generating the primoridal perturbations.Comment: 5 pages. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter

Synthesis of gas and vapor molecular sieving silica membranes and analysis of pore size and connectivity

Pervaporation and gas permeation properties of microporous silica membranes made by a sol−gel method are discussed. Defect free molecular sieving membranes are prepared by a dip coating process. The molecular sieving performance was measured and controlled based on gas permeation behavior of the membranes. The apparent activation energy for helium permeation and He/N2 perm-selectivity values were used as the parameters for optimization of the membrane performance. The membranes with very high activation energy for He diffusion were used for pervaporation studies with a methanol/MTBE mixture at 323 K. Separation factor values as high as 260 were measured at a total liquid flux of 0.3 kg/m2 hr. Sorption studies performed on corresponding silica gels revealed a separation mechanism based on diffusion of vapor molecules. Permeation of the vapor molecules through the micropores followed an activated diffusion mechanism. The gas permeation data could provide an understanding of the pore size distribution of the membrane, and the vapor sorption and diffusion data on the size and connectivity of the membrane pores

Effects of communication and utility-based decision making in a simple model of evacuation

We present a simple cellular automaton based model of decision making during evacuation. Evacuees have to choose between two different exit routes, resulting in a strategic decision making problem. Agents take their decisions based on utility functions, these can be revised as the evacuation proceeds, leading to complex interaction between individuals and to jamming transitions. The model also includes the possibility to communicate and exchange information with distant agents, information received may affect the decision of agents. We show that under a wider range of evacuation scenarios performance of the model system as a whole is optimal at an intermediate fraction of evacuees with access to communication.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Feedback from low-luminosity radio galaxies:B2 0258+35

Low-luminosity radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) are of importance in studies concerning feedback from radio AGN since a dominant fraction of AGN belong to this class. We report high-resolution Very Large Array (VLA) and European VLBI Network (EVN) observations of HI-21cm absorption from a young, compact steep-spectrum radio source, B2 0258+35, nested in the early-type galaxy NGC 1167, which contains a 160 kpc HI disc. Our VLA and EVN HI absorption observations, modelling, and comparison with molecular gas data suggest that the cold gas in the centre of NGC 1167 is very turbulent (with a velocity dispersion of ~ 90 km/s) and that this turbulence is induced by the interaction of the jets with the interstellar medium (ISM). Furthermore, the ionised gas in the galaxy shows evidence of shock heating at a few kpc from the radio source. These findings support the results from numerical simulations of radio jets expanding into a clumpy gas disc, which predict that the radio jets in this case percolate through the gas disc and drive shocks into the ISM at distances much larger than their physical extent. These results expand the number of low-luminosity radio sources found to impact the surrounding medium, thereby highlighting the possible relevance of these AGN for feedback.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures; Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Regulation and drug modulation of a voltage-gated sodium channel: Pivotal role of the S4–S5 linker in activation and slow inactivation

Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels control excitable cell functions. While structural investigations have revealed conformation details of different functional states, the mechanisms of both activation and slow inactivation remain unclear. Here, we identify residue T140 in the S4–S5 linker of the bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel NaChBac as critical for channel activation and drug effects on inactivation. Mutations at T140 either attenuate activation or render the channel nonfunctional. Propofol, a clinical anesthetic known to inhibit NaChBac by promoting slow inactivation, binds to a pocket between the S4–S5 linker and S6 helix in a conformation-dependent manner. Using 19F-NMR to quantify site-specific binding by saturation transfer differences (STDs), we found strong STDs in inactivated, but not activated, NaChBac. Molecular dynamics simulations show a highly dynamic pocket in the activated conformation, limiting STD buildup. In contrast, drug binding to this pocket promotes and stabilizes the inactivated states. Our results provide direct experimental evidence showing distinctly different associations between the S4–S5 linker and S6 helix in activated and inactivated states. Specifically, an exchange occurs between interaction partners T140 and N234 of the same subunit in activation, and T140 and N225 of the domain-swapped subunit in slow inactivation. The drug action on slow inactivation of prokaryotic NaV channels seems to have a mechanism similar to the recently proposed “door-wedge” action of the isoleucine-phenylalanine-methionine (IFM) motif on the fast inactivation of eukaryotic NaV channels. Elucidating this gating mechanism points to a possible direction for conformation-dependent drug development

Probing ion channel functional architecture and domain recombination compatibility by massively parallel domain insertion profiling

Protein domains are the basic units of protein structure and function. Comparative analysis of genomes and proteomes showed that domain recombination is a main driver of multidomain protein functional diversification and some of the constraining genomic mechanisms are known. Much less is known about biophysical mechanisms that determine whether protein domains can be combined into viable protein folds. Here, we use massively parallel insertional mutagenesis to determine compatibility of over 300,000 domain recombination variants of the Inward Rectifier K+ channel Kir2.1 with channel surface expression. Our data suggest that genomic and biophysical mechanisms acted in concert to favor gain of large, structured domain at protein termini during ion channel evolution. We use machine learning to build a quantitative biophysical model of domain compatibility in Kir2.1 that allows us to derive rudimentary rules for designing domain insertion variants that fold and traffic to the cell surface. Positional Kir2.1 responses to motif insertion clusters into distinct groups that correspond to contiguous structural regions of the channel with distinct biophysical properties tuned towards providing either folding stability or gating transitions. This suggests that insertional profiling is a high-throughput method to annotate function of ion channel structural regions

Influence of maternal socioecomomic deprivation and living environment on newborn bloodspot 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels

Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency in neonates can have life-threatening consequences, hence the knowledge of risk factors is essential. This study aimed to explore the effect of maternal socioeconomic status (SES) on newborn 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations. Design: Over two 1-week periods (winter and summer of 2019), 3000 newborn heel prick dried blood spots (DBS) and additional data from newborns, from a regional newborn screening laboratory (52° N) in the West Midlands, UK, were gathered. Post code was replaced with lower layer super output area (LSOA). Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintiles for the corresponding LSOA was used to assess SES [quintile one (Q1): most deprived 20%, quintile five (Q5): least deprived 20%]. Each of the seven domains of deprivation were examined (income, employment, education, health, barriers to housing and services, crime and living environment). 25OHD was measured on 6mm sub-punch from DBS using quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and equivalent plasma values were derived. Results: In total 2999 (1500 summer-born, 1499 winter-born) newborn DBS (1580 males) were analysed. Summer-born newborns had significantly higher 25OHD (IQR) concentrations [49.2 (34.3; 64.8) nmol/l] than winter-born newborns [29.1 (19.8; 40.6) nmol/l, p<0.001]. 25OHD levels varied significantly between the different IMD quintiles in the whole (p<0.001) and summer-born cohort (p<0.001), but not in the winter-born cohort (p=0.26), whereby Q1 had the lowest 25OHD concentrations. Among the domains of deprivation, living environment had a significant influence on 25OHD levels (β=0.07, p=0.002). In this subdomain, 25OHD levels varied significantly between quintiles in the whole (p<0.001) and summer-born cohort (mean 25OHD Q1 46.45 nmol/l, Q5 54.54 nmol/l; p<0.001) but not in the winter-born cohort (mean 25OHD Q1 31.57 nmol/l, Q5 31.72 nmol/l; p=0.16). In a regression model, living environment was still significant (p=0.018), albeit less than season of birth and ethnicity. Conclusion: Among the seven domains of deprivation, maternal living environment had the greatest effect on newborn 25OHD levels. Whilst improved living environment positively influenced vitamin D status in the summer-born babies, winter-born had low 25OHD levels irrespective of the environment. Strategies such as enhanced supplementation and food fortification with vitamin D should be considered to overcome the non-modifiable main risk factors for vitamin D deficiency