5 research outputs found

    Modelling of flexible aquatic plants from silicone syntactic foams

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    In experiments with vegetated flows, natural plants are often represented by artificial surrogates, which eliminate effects of plants physiology to easy fit the experimental set-ups. Using surrogates of flexible aquatic plants, the buoyancy and rigidity are supposed to match those in tissues of the natural plants. This paper introduces a new technique for manufacturing composite surrogates from silicon syntactic foams and reports on laboratory tests, which illustrate that such surrogates respond to flow similarly to the natural plants. Practical applications are illustrated by examples from recent field-based experiments

    Studies of turbulent flow in vegetated river reaches with implications for transport and mixing processes

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    ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit den komplexen physikalischen und biologischen Prozessen in Flachlandflüssen, die mit der saisonalen Entwicklung submerser aquatischer Vegetation im Zusammenhang stehen. Vorrangige Ziele der durchgeführten Arbeiten waren sowohl Untersuchungen zum Einfluss elastischer submerser Vegetation auf die Struktur der turbulenten Strömung, als auch die damit verbundenen Effekte auf Transport- und Mischungsprozesse sowie mögliche Auswirkungen auf Morphodynamik und Ökologie. Erkenntnisse zur Struktur der turbulenten Strömung, die sich über Beständen submerser elastischer Vegetation entwickelt, konnten aus originären Feldexperimenten gewonnen werden. Die Resultate wurden mit der hydrodynamischen Modellierung der Entwicklung einer Mischungsschicht verglichen. Theoretische Analysen der Mischungsschicht über submerser Vegetation führten zu einer Erweitung des Modells. Dabei zeigt sich, in welcher Weise die Interaktion zwischen Strömung und Pflanzen die Entwicklung der Scherschicht und der Turbulenz beeinflusst. Die abgeleiteten theoretischen Lösungen stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit der theoretischen Beschreibung der biomechanischen Eigenschaften elastischer Vegetation. Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich vorwiegend mit Effekten der Wechselwirkung von Strömung und Bewuchs in Bezug auf eindimensionale Ansätze der Modellierung von Transport und Vermischung in Flüssen. In der Arbeit werden quantitative Ansätze zur Modellierung der longitudinalen Dispersion für einen bestimmten Typ von Vegetation vorgeschlagen, die die komplexe Struktur der Strömung bei Bewuchs berücksichtigen. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, wie die entwickelte Theorie zur Wechselwirkung von Strömung und Vegetation mit einem phänologischen Modell für das Wachstum der Pflanzenbiomasse gekoppelt werden kann, womit ein nahezu geschlossener Lösungsansatz für die behandelte Fragestellung vorliegt. Schlagwörter: Makrophyten, Flussströmung ,Turbulenz, longitudinale Dispersion.SUMMARY The thesis is focused on complex physical and biological processes occurring in natural lowland streams due to the seasonal development of submerged aquatic vegetation. The primary goal of the studies was an exploration of the effects that submerged flexible vegetation sets upon turbulent flow structure, their consequences for transport and mixing processes, and implications for morphodynamics and ecology. A deeper insight into the structure of turbulent flow evolving over a patch of flexible submerged vegetation was gained completing an original field experimental study which results were examined in a context of a hydrodynamic model of the mixing layer. The model was expanded by theoretical analysis of evolution of the mixing layer over the vegetation patch yielding knowledge on how do interactions of flow and vegetation produce the velocity shear and turbulence across the flow. The obtained theoretical solutions are linked to the theoretical description of biomechanical properties for flexible buoyant vegetation. The thesis is concentrated on examining the consequences of flow – plants interactions in respect to the one-dimensional approach to the modeling of transport and mixing in rivers. In this study the longitudinal dispersion model was re-examined to account for the complex structure of flow in vegetation mosaic and possible quantitative approaches are proposed to infer the model parameters for a known type of vegetation. It was also shown how the developed theory of flow-plants interactions can be coupled with a phenological model of biomass growth providing a nearly complete approach to the problem. Keywords: macrophytes, river flow, turbulence, longitudinal dispersion

    A study of flow dynamics and implications for benthic fauna in a meander bend of a lowland river

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    Channel curvature and riffle-pool bathymetry in meandering streams control complex hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes. This study investigates how spatial and temporal heterogeneities in flow hydraulics influence benthic fauna in a meander bend of a lowland sand-bed river. Spatial heterogeneity of riverbed morphology and secondary flow, induced by channel curvature, make pools hydraulically more diverse compared with riffles. Numerical simulations demonstrate that velocity reversal between riffles and pools in this meander bend produces spatially variable flow with complex temporal variations. Patterns of macro-invertebrates indicate an increase in population density from riffle to pool, reflecting an increase in diversity of abiotic factors. For most invertebrate species the observed patterns persisted during temporal variations of the flow. Considerable changes were observed only in some groups with specific preferences.Fil: Sukhodolov, Alexander N.. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; AlemaniaFil: Blettler, Martin Cesar Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de LimnologĂ­a. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de LimnologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Zhang, Jingxin. Shanghai Jiao Tong University; ChinaFil: Sukhodolova, Tatiana. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; AlemaniaFil: NĂĽtzmann, Gunnar. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Alemani
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