Pronomina Bahasa Jawa Tengah Dialek Solo

The aim of this research is to describe the types of Central Java Solo dialect pronomina. The data is formed the informant\u27s pronouncement as personal prononima, direction pronomina and introgative pronomina on Central Java Solo dialect. This reseach is qualitative reseach using descriptive method. Thetecnique are interviewing, taking notes, and recording. The data were analyzed by using pronomina data which is already gathered, observed the data, clasified the types of pronomina, selected and grouped the data, analyzed and summarized the data. The result shows that the pronomina of Central Java are persona pronomina, direction pronomina and introgative pronomina. Persona pronomina are first pronomina, second pronomina and third pronomina which is devided by singular and plural types. The examples of persona pronomina Central Java Solo dialect are aku, kulo, dhewe\u27e, kowe, sampeyan, panjenengan, kowe kabeh, panjenengan sedoyo, dhe\u27e, wong iku dan tiang niku.While the direction pronomina are devided as a public direction pronomina, place direction pronomina, and things direction pronomina. The examples of direction pronomina Central Java Solo dialect are iki, iku, niki, niku, kene, kono, ngene, ngono, ngeten, and ngono. The examples of introgative pronomina Central Java Solo dialect are iki, iku, niki, niku, kene, kono, ngene, ngono, ngeten, dan ngoten. Meanwhile, the intogative pronomina are opo, nopo, sopo, sinten, ngopo, kenging nopo, piro, pinten, kepiye, pripun, endi, pundi, and kapan

Feasibility Study of Business in Agarwood Inoculation at Different Stem Diameters and Inoculation Periods

Indonesia signifies as the biggest agarwood producer country in the world. Its demand and price tend to increase and have brought about over exploitation of agarwood. Consequently, its population in nature has decreased significantly. To overcome the situation, since 1995, agarwood has been included in the CITES Appendix II. However, illegal exploitation remains persistent and reaches an excessive level. In order to deal with it, agarwood cultivation and its artificial production have been undertaken at several provinces in Indonesia. Some supporting factors for agarwood cultivation and artificial production are the availability of potential land for extensive cultivation, appropriate agro climate condition, simple cultivation technique and already being well adopted by farmers, the availability of necessary pathogen for agarwood inoculation, and the increasing demand with relatively high price. The research aims to analyze the feasibility study of agarwood inoculation business at several stem diameters (15 - 25 cm; 26 -35 cm and 36 - 40 cm) and periods of inoculation (1 - 5 years). Data were collected through field observation and literature study. The results showed that inoculation on agarwood producer tree stands at 12.5% interest rate afforded positive net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) is much higher than market interest and benefit cost (B/C) ratio >2 for those three diameter classes. Furthermore, if agarwood harvesting is delayed until five years after inoculation, NPV, IRR and B/C ratio would be much higher. It can be concluded that inoculation on agarwood producer tree stands (at appropriate age for inoculation) is feasible to be developed

Institution and Change on Community Access Right in Mangrove Forest Management in East Sinjai, South Sulawesi

Mangrove forests in Tongke-tongke is an example of success story of natural resources self governing. The research aims to describe the dynamic of local institution development and its effectiveness in mangrove management growing on accretion land in Tongke-tongke village, East Sinjai, South Sulawesi. This is a qualitative research by using case study method. The results showed that even without government support, collective action in mangrove management can be realized through various rules and agreements formulated collectively by local institution. Achievement of its management was evaluated by using design principles of Ostrom. Norms and rules agreed by the community has functioned as guideline in mangrove management following enforcement of sanctions for noncompliance. Accretion land under Act No. 16 of 2004 is state property but due to late support and government attendance has caused state property status becomes illegitimate. Ambiguity in tenurial status causing property typology of mangrove forests in East Sinjai can not be classified strictly. This then instigate multilayer property status for different types of products and services produced impying changes in access right to mangrove forest. The success of communities to manage mangrove sustainably in Eastern Sinjai should be supported with the provision of legal access to the public

Fermentation Characteristics and Nitrogen Retention of Madura Cattle Fed Complete Rations Containing Soybean Pod and By-Products

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of complete rations containing soybean pod and soybean by-products (soybean meal and tofu waste) on rumen microbial population, fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention of Madura cattle. Twelve Madura cattle of 1.5 years of age were given 4 feeding treatments in triplicates in randomized block design experiment. The treatments included T0 (100% native grass) as a negative control, T1 (concentrate: grass (60:40) as a positive control, T2 (complete ration containing 15% soybean pods), and T3 (complete ration containing 30% soybean pods). The treatments were based on feeding practices commonly applied by farmers in the village. The results showed that the use of concentrate rations or complete rations containing soybean pod and by-product did not affect protozoa population, ammonia concentration, and total VFA production compared to cattle fed 100% native grass. In contrast, the use of concentrate rations or complete rations containing soybean pod and by-products reduced acetate and increased butyrate proportion compared to native grass. The use of a concentrate ration resulted the highest propionate proportion. Methane estimation increased with the use of concentrate ration or complete ration containing 15% soybean pod, but it decreased when the level of soybean pod was increased to 30%. It can be concluded that soybean pod has a potential to be used as a fiber source in beef cattle ration to substitute native grass

Karakteristik Fermentasi dan Kecernaan In Vitro Senyawa Bioaktif Ampas Teh (Camellia sinensis) sebagai Protein Bypass dan Daun Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L)

Ampas teh (Camelia sinensis) merupakan sumber asam tanin untuk melindungi protein pakan dari degradasi yang berlebihan oleh mikroba rumen. Daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L) mengandung senyawa bioaktif saponin berfungsi sebagai agen defaunasi parsial untuk menurunkan populasi protozoa dalam rumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi dosis ampas teh (Camellia sinensis) dan daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L) yang optimum dalam pakan berdasarkan karakteristik fermentabilitas dan kecernaan in vitro. Ransum kontrol yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari hijauan (rumput gajah) dan konsentrat (60:40 %BK). Peubah yang diamati adalah konsentrasi VFA total, konsentrasi N-NH3, pH rumen, kecernaan bahan kering (KCBK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (KCBO). Digunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) berfaktor yaitu ampas teh (0; 1; 2; 3 mg/ml cairan rumen) dan daun kembang sepatu (0; 0,15; 0,3 mg/ml cairan rumen). Tidak ada interaksi kedua faktor terhadap parameter yang diamati. Penambahan ampas teh pada level 1-3 mg/ml cairan rumen menurunkan konsentrasi NH3, dan tidak merubah nilai pH rumen namun menurunkan KCBK dan KCBO. Penambahan daun kembang sepatu pada level 0,15-0,3 mg/ml cairan rumen tidak mengganggu KCBK dan KCBO, pH rumen dan konsentrasi NH3. Penambahan ampas teh dengan level 1 mg/ml cairan rumen atau daun kembang sepatu dengan level 0,3 mg/ml cairan rumen mampu meningkatkan konsentrasi VFA total dibandingkan dengan kontrol

Kualitas Perairan, Kesuburan Tanah dan Kandungan Logam Berat di Hutan Mangrove Nusa Penida, Bali

SariMangrove mempunyai peranan penting diantaranya sebagai perangkap sedimen, penahan ombak, pengikat karbon, penetrasi pencemaran, penahan intrusi air laut dan tempat berkembang biaknya berbagai biota air. Penelitian kualitas perairan, kesuburan tanah dan kandungan logam berat telah dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2017 di Nusa Penida Bali.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh data dan informasi tentang kualitas air, kesuburan tanah dan kandungan logam berat pada hutan mangrove. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengambilan contoh berupa air, tanah dan daun mangrove yang dipilih secara acakpada lokasi tersebut. Hasil analisis pada kualitas perairan terdiri dari tingkat kekeruhan 7.228,5 mg/l, kebutuhan oksigen biologi (BOD) 157,24 mg/l dan kebutuhan oksigen kimia (COD) 342,72 mg/l. Sementara itu nilai salinitas yaitu 39 permil, temperatur 28°C, pH air 7,5 dan oksigen terlarut (DO) 3,5 mg/l. Kandungan kimia yang ditemukan di perairan lokasi penelitian berupa kandungan nitrat 0,56 mg/l dan kandungan fosfat sebesar 0,209 mg/l yang termasuk kategori tinggi. Nilai lain yang dianalisis yaitu Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK) sebesae 6,60 me/100 gram, C/N rasio 23 dan pH tanah 7,9. Kandungan zat pencemar pada tanah di lokasi penelitian tidak ada yang melebihi ambang batas, demikian juga dengan unsur tersebut di daun mangrove