Plio-Quaternary stress regime in Esen Cay Basin, SW Turkey

7th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology -- OCT 18-22, 2010 -- Adana, TURKEYWOS: 000343703000020The Plio-Quaternary Esen Cay Basin is situated at the junction of Hellenic and Cyprus arcs in southwestern Turkey. The basin is important for understanding the tectonic evolution of the region in relation to the Hellenic and Cyprus arcs. Fault data from unconsolidated Pliocene and Quaternary deposits, as well as from pre-Pliocene lithologies, are analysed in order to reconstruct the evolution of the stress field evolution from Pliocene onwards. Inversion of measured fault slip vector data identifies two main stress states: extensional and strike-slip. Both states are characterized by a NE-SW-trending minimum horizontal stress axis (sigma(Hmin) = sigma(3)). The mean R value is 0.67, indicating a triaxial state of stress. The inversion also indicates the existence of extensional and strike-slip faulting characterized by a NW-SE-trending sigma(3) axis. This indicates a change in the direction of the minimum horizontal stress axis (sigma(3)) from a NW-SE-trending sigma(3) that dominated prior to Quaternary to a NE-SW-trending sigma(3) that dominated during Quaternary up to actual time

Large scale constructed wetland implementation projects in Turkey in Salt Lake Special Environmental Protection Area

WOS: 000320503800055Salt Lake, in ecological and economical terms, is one of the most important lakes in Turkey. The lake exhibits great biodiversity of plants because the lake and its basin are a natural habitat to various types of endemic plants which are resistant to a salty environment. The lake also serves as a habitat to many kinds of birds, especially flamingos. From an economic standpoint, Salt Lake meets approximately 70% of the salt requirement for Turkey. For this reason it is of great importance to preserve the natural environment of the lake. In addition to the various activities conducted for the environmental protection of the Salt Lake, a comprehensive constructed wetland (CW) project has been prepared and implemented for the towns of Sultanhani and Altinekin, where the population is expected to reach approximately 5000 by the year 2037. It entails the largest and most important subsurface-flow constructed wetland systems(CWs) in Turkey. Many site surveying research projects have also been conducted to support this detailed CWs engineering project. Each step of the project preparation and application are detailed in this study. A great deal of experience has been gained by Turkey and Mediterranean countries on large scale CWs.TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry Environment Protection Agency for Special AreasThe authors would like to thank to TUBITAK Marmara Research Center and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry Environment Protection Agency for Special Areas for their financial support and encouragements

Large scale constructed wetland implementation projects in Turkey in Salt Lake Special Environmental Protection Area

Salt Lake, in ecological and economical terms, is one of the most important lakes in Turkey. The lake exhibits great biodiversity of plants because the lake and its basin are a natural habitat to various types of endemic plants which are resistant to a salty environment. The lake also serves as a habitat to many kinds of birds, especially flamingos. From an economic standpoint, Salt Lake meets approximately 70% of the salt requirement for Turkey. For this reason it is of great importance to preserve the natural environment of the lake. In addition to the various activities conducted for the environmental protection of the Salt Lake, a comprehensive constructed wetland (CW) project has been prepared and implemented for the towns of Sultanhani and Altinekin, where the population is expected to reach approximately 5000 by the year 2037. It entails the largest and most important subsurface-flow constructed wetland systems(CWs) in Turkey. Many site surveying research projects have also been conducted to support this detailed CWs engineering project. Each step of the project preparation and application are detailed in this study. A great deal of experience has been gained by Turkey and Mediterranean countries on large scale CWs

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) national report on device-associated infection rates in 19 cities of Turkey, data summary for 2003-2012

Background: Device-associated healthcare-acquired infections (DA-HAI) pose a threat to patient safety, particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU). We report the results of the International Infection Control Consortium (INICC) study conducted in Turkey from August 2003 through October 2012

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module

•We report INICC device-associated module data of 50 countries from 2010-2015.•We collected prospective data from 861,284 patients in 703 ICUs for 3,506,562 days.•DA-HAI rates and bacterial resistance were higher in the INICC ICUs than in CDC-NHSN's.•Device utilization ratio in the INICC ICUs was similar to CDC-NHSN's. Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. Conclusions: Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN