The Diversity of Insect in Paddy Field in Karawang, West Java with Different Pest Management Techniques

The practice of rice crop cultivation will affect the trophic structure and the diversity of insects that are formed. One of the common cultivation practices carried out by farmers was the control of pests by using pesticides. This study aimed to find out which pest management strategies that are effective in maintaining environmental health and understanding how natural enemies were affected by the application of synthetic pesticides. The first treatment was paddy field with integrated pest management (IPM), the second treatment was conventional rice field with a technique of chemical pest management (C-T), while the third treatment was mixed pest management (M-T). Insect sampling was conducted using sweep net, pitfall trap, and direct observation for 10 weeks after planting. Overall, it was found 100 morphospecies, 9 Orders, 56 families, with a total abundance of 6242 individuals per planting season. Based on functional roles it was found 39% as herbivores, 30% as predators, and 14% as parasitoids, 1% pollinators, and 13% decomposers. High insect diversity and abundance were found in the plots using low synthetic pesticides. The C-T control plot had a lower relative abundance of herbivorous insects, parasitoid insects, predators, and decomposers than the other control plots. H' and D index in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Mixed Pest Management (M-T) plots did not show significant differences but differed significantly from the Chemical Control plot (C-T). Therefore, controlling the herbivore insects could apply the pest management based on IPM strategies. Keywords: Diversity of insects, integrated pest management (IPM), natural enemies, pesticides, rice pest

Fluctuation of Insect Population on Rice Field in Pangkalan Sub-district Karawang Regency: Indicator for Environmental Health

Pangkalan Sub-district is a forest edge area in Karawang that is rich in flora and fauna that has not been much identified. Because of its unique location that is bordered by primary forest, agricultural ecosystems in the area will not be separated from the influence of the surrounding forest. So, it is necessary to know more about the diversity and abundance of insects in the wetland rice ecosystems.The research was conducted in Pangkalan sub-district, Karawang regency. The size of each plot was 5 x 5 m (25 m2) and each treatment was repeated five times. Treatments carried out with integrated pest management (IPM), chemical pest management techniques (P-K), and Mixed Pest Management (P-C). Insect retrieval technique using sweep net method, yellow pan trap, and direct observation. The abundance of arthropod species found in 12 Orders consist of: Thysanoptera Order (2.4%), Orthoptera (0.5%), Odonata (1.4%), Mantodea (0%), Lepidoptera (8.7%), Hymenoptera (2.4%), Hemiptera (61.8%), Diptera (2.4%), Derma ptera (3.6%), Coleoptera (8.3%), Architaenioglossa (0.5%), and Aranea (8.0%). Based on the species richness, it was found that the orders of Diptera (25 species), Coleoptera (19 species), and Hymenoptera (18 species) showed higher numbers than other orders. The H 'diversity index in this study ranged from 1.99 to 2.45, the D index ranged from 0.73 to 0.88, and the E index ranged from 0.5 to 0.7. Overall the P-K plots showed a lower population abundance compared to IPM and P-C plots. Intense and scheduled spraying of insecticides on P-K plots causes a lower population abundance, which makes the diversity become low. Keywords: Rice pests, diversity of insects, natural enemies, pesticides, integrated pest control (IPM

PENAMBAHAN POC LIMBAH CAIR TAHU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CAISIM (Brassica juncea L.) VARIETAS SHINTA PADA HIDROPONIK SISTEM WICK

Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) merupakan tanaman yang banyak digemari dikalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) limbah cair tahu terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanamancaisim (Brassica juncea L.) varietas Shinta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di dalam Greenhouse Al-Muhajirin Farm yang terletak di jl. Veteran No. 163 Nagri Kaler, Kecamatan Purwakarta, Kabupaten Purwakarta pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal. Rancangan yang dilakukan terdiri dari 6 taraf perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Perlakuan yang dilakukan dalan percobaan ini adalah T0 (Kontrol Positif (AB mix 5 ml/liter air)), T1 (POC limbah cair tahu 200 ml/liter air + 5 ml AB mix/liter air), T2 (POC limbah cair tahu 400 ml/liter air + 5 ml AB mix/liter air), T3 (POC limbah cair tahu 600 ml/liter air + 5 ml AB mix/liter air), T4 (POC limbah cair tahu 800 ml/liter air + 5 ml AB mix/liter air), dan T5 (Kontrol Negatif (POC limbah cair tahu 600 ml/liter air)). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh nyata penambahan POC limbah cair tahu terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman caisim (Brassica juncea L.) varietas Shinta dengan konsentrasi 200 ml POC limbah cair tahu + 5 ml AB mix pada parameter pengamatan jumlah daun dengan nilai rata-rata 10.05 helai dan bobot segar per tanaman dengan nilai rata-rata 72,75 gram, tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan AB mix 5 ml/liter air, dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya

Pengaruh Pupuk NPK Majemuk dan Pupuk Hayati (Biofertilizer) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis Varietas Sweetboy

Penggunaan pupuk anorganik secara terus menerus tanpa diimbangi oleh pupuk organik akan memberikan dampak negatif pada lingkungan, seperti menurunnya kandungan bahan organik tanah, permeabilitas tanah, populasi mikroba tanah dan menyebabkan tanah rentan terhadap erosi. Pupuk hayati merupakan zat yang mengandung mikroorganisme hidup yang bila diterapkan pada benih, permukaan tanaman, atau tanah serta saat pertumbuhan tanaman dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan nutrisi utama untuk tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk NPK majemuk dan pupuk hayati (Biofertilizer) yang memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis varietas Sweetboy. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan kering di Desa Kondang Jaya Kecamatan Karawang Timur, Kabupaten Karawang dari bulan November 2019-Januari 2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, perlakuan terdiri dari A (0 kg/ha NPK majemuk + 0 kg/ha pupuk hayati), B (400 kg/ha NPK majemuk + 0 kg/ha pupuk hayati), C (300 kg/ha NPK majemuk + 50 kg/ha pupuk hayati), D (400 kg/ha NPK majemuk + 50 kg/ha pupuk hayati), E (300 kg/ha NPK majemuk + 75 kg/ha pupuk hayati), F (350 kg/ha NPK majemuk + 75 kg/ha pupuk hayati), G (300 kg/ha NPK majemuk + 100 kg/ha pupuk hayati) dan H (350 kg/ha NPK majemuk + 100 kg/ha pupuk hayati). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan pemberian kombinasi pupuk NPK majemuk dan pupuk hayati menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap komponen pertumbuhan, komponen hasil dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Perlakuan G dengan pemberian 100 kg/ha NPK majemuk + 100 kg/ha pupuk hayati memberikan hasil tertinggi terhadap komponen pertumbuhan, komponen hasil dan hasil dengan mencapai 42538,75 g/petak setara dengan 17,31 ton/ha

PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN INTERVAL WAKTU PEMBERIAN PUPUK ANORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.) VARIETAS ETHANA

Tanaman mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) menjadi salah satu komoditas tanaman hortikultura yang produksinya meningkat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam dan interval waktu pemberian pupuk anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) varietas Ethana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial. Rancangan ini terdiri dari dua faktor, faktor pertama adalah jarak tanam dengan 3 taraf yaitu j1 (40 x 60 cm), j2 (50 x 60 cm) dan j3 (60 x 60 cm). Faktor kedua adalah interval waktu pemberian pupuk dengan 4 taraf yaitu t0 (tanpa pemupukan), t1 (1x pemupukan), t2 (2x pemupukan) dan t3 (3x pemupukan). Diperoleh 12 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 36 unit percobaan. Pengaruh perlakuan selanjutnya dianalisis ragam dan jika uji F 5% signifikan, dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi pada jarak tanam dan interval waktu pemberian pupuk anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) varietas Ethana. Faktor jarak tanam (j) secara mandiri memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap parameter pengamatan luas daun dan bobot buah per petak. Semua faktor interval waktu pemberian pupuk anorganik (t) belum mampu memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) varietas Ethana pada semua jarak tanam

PENGARUH KOMBINASI NUTRISI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SELADA MERAH (Lactuca sativa var. Lollorosa) PADA HIDROPONIK SISTEM WICK

Lettuce is a plant whose leaves are taken to be used as vegetables or salad.  The purpose of this study was to obtain a combination of nutrients that can increase the growth and best yield of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Lollorosa) with hydroponic wick system.  The research method used in this study was a single-factor Randomized Group Design (RAK) consisting of 7 treatments repeated 4 times.  The treatments applied were A (AB Mix 3.2 EC), B (AB Mix 1.5 EC + Bayfolan 6 ml), C (AB Mix 1.8 EC + Bayfolan 3 ml), D (AB Mix 1.2 EC + Bayfolan 9 ml), E (AB Mix 1.5 EC + POC 6 ml), F (AB Mix 1.8 EC + POC 3 ml), and G (AB Mix 1.2 EC + POC 9 ml).  Giving a combination of nutrients gives a real effect on the growth and yield of red lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa var. Lollorosa) at the age of 2 weeks after planting, 3 weeks after planting, 4 weeks after planting, 5 weeks after planting.  Number of leaves at plant age 3 weeks and 5 weeks.  Leaf area, root length, fresh weight of plants with roots, fresh weight of plants without roots.  Treatment E, namely AB Mix 1.5 EC + POC 6 ml, gave the highest results on plant height, which was 20.96 cm, root length of 26.94 cm, leaf area of 100 cm2, fresh weight with roots of 13.3 g, and fresh weight without roots of 11.49 g &nbsp

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN ZPT AUKSIN DALAM MEMPERCEPAT PERTUMBUHAN TUNAS BULBIL PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)

The use of growth regulators before planting porang is one way to increase the growth of porang bulbils.  The research was conducted with the aim of getting the length of immersion that gives the best effect on each concentration of auxin ZPT in accelerating the growth of bulbil porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) shoots.. The research method used is experimental method using factorial Randomized Group Design (RBD) 4x4, which consists of 16 treatments and repeated 2 times. The first factor is concentration which consists of 4 levels, namely k0 (control), k1 (200mg/l), k2 (300mg/l), and k3 (300mg/l). The second factor is immersion time which consists of 4 levels, namely l1 (60 minutes), l2 (120 minutes), l3 (180 minutes), and l4 (240 minutes). There is an interactiont between concentration and immersion time on sprouting time, vigor index, and diameter of bulbil porang shoots at 42 and 56 days after planting. The concentration of 200mg/l (k1) at a immersion time of 180 minutes (l3) gave the fastest sprouting time of 15.2 days. The concentration of 200mg/l (k1) at 180 minutes immersion time (l3) gave the highest vigor index value of 100%. The length of immersion l4 (240 minutes) at the growth regulator concentration k1 (200mg/l) gave the best bulbil porang shoots diameter of 2.96 mm