SAEB: A Lightweight Blockcipher-Based AEAD Mode of Operation

Lightweight cryptography in computationally constrained devices is actively studied. In contrast to advances of lightweight blockcipher in the last decade, lightweight mode of operation is seemingly not so mature, yet it has large impact in performance. Therefore, there is a great demand for lightweight mode of operation, especially that for authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD). Among many known properties of conventional modes of operation, the following four properties are essential for constrained devices: 1. Minimum State Size: the state size equals to a block size of a blockcipher. 2. Inverse Free: no need for a blockcipher decryption. 3. XOR Only: only XOR is needed in addition to a blockcipher encryption. 4. Online: a data block is processed only once. The properties 1 and 4 contribute to small memory usage, and the properties 2 and 3 contribute to small program/circuit footprint. On top of the above properties, the fifth property regarding associated data (AD) is also important for performance: 5. Efficient Handling of Static AD: static AD can be precomputed. We design a lightweight blockcipher-based AEAD mode of operation called SAEB: the first mode of operation that satisfies all the five properties to the best of our knowledge. Performance of SAEB is evaluated in various software and hardware platforms. The evaluation results show that SAEB outperforms conventional blockcipher-based AEAD modes of operation in various performance metrics for lightweight cryptography

ケンキュウショ カツドウ ホウコク ガクセイ ルポ ニッカン メディア トーク ニッカン カンケイ 100ネン ニツイテ カンガエル

研究所活動報告KIGAS Activitie

Structure and function of ATA3, a new subtype of amino acid transport system A, primarily expressed in the liver and skeletal muscle

AbstractTo date, two different transporters that are capable of transporting α-(methylamino)isobutyric acid, the specific substrate for amino acid transport system A, have been cloned. These two transporters are known as ATA1 and ATA2. We have cloned a third transporter that is able to transport the system A-specific substrate. This new transporter, cloned from rat skeletal muscle and designated rATA3, consists of 547 amino acids and has a high degree of homology to rat ATA1 (47% identity) and rat ATA2 (57% identity). rATA3 mRNA is present only in the liver and skeletal muscle. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, rATA3 mediates the transport of α-[14C](methylamino)isobutyric acid and [3H]alanine. With the two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique, we have shown that exposure of rATA3-expressing oocytes to neutral, short-chain aliphatic amino acids induces inward currents. The amino acid-induced current is Na+-dependent and pH-dependent. Analysis of the currents with alanine as the substrate has shown that the K0.5 for alanine (i.e., concentration of the amino acid yielding half-maximal current) is 4.2±0.1 mM and that the Na+:alanine stoichiometry is 1:1

Reversing Stealthy Dopant-Level Circuits

A successful detection of the stealthy dopant-level circuit (trojan), proposed by Becker et al. at CHES 2013, is reported. Contrary to an assumption made by Becker et al., dopant types in active region are visible with either scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or focused ion beam (FIB) imaging. The successful measurement is explained by an LSI failure analysis technique called the passive voltage contrast. The experiments are conducted by measuring a dedicated chip. The chip uses the diffusion programmable device: an anti-reverse-engineering technique by the same principle as the stealthy dopant-level trojan. The chip is delayered down to the contact layer, and images are taken with (1) an optical microscope, (2) SEM, and (3) FIB. As a result, the four possible dopant-well combinations, namely (i) p+/n-well, (ii) p+/p-well, (iii) n+/n-well and (iv) n+/p-well are distinguishable in the SEM images. Partial but sufficient detection is also achieved with FIB. Although the stealthy dopant-level circuits are visible, however, they potentially make a detection harder. That is because the contact layer should be measured. We show that imaging the contact layer is at most 16-times expensive than that of a metal layer in terms of the number of image

Effects of daily aspirin on cancer incidence and mortality in the elderly Japanese

BackgroundLong‐term follow‐up of studies to investigate preventive effects of aspirin on arterial thrombosis indicate that aspirin reduces the incidence and mortality of some cancers in Western populations.ObjectivesTo explore the effects of aspirin on cancer incidence and mortality in the elderly Japanese.Patients/MethodsPatients aged 60 to 85 years, presenting with hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes mellitus (n = 14 601, 7297 in the aspirin group and 7304 in the no‐aspirin group) participated the Japanese Primary Prevention Project (JPPP), a multicenter, open‐label, randomized, parallel‐group trial. A subanalysis of JPPP was performed to analyze the incidence of newly diagnosed cancer and death related to cancer.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of newly diagnosed cancer was 5.60% (4.65‐6.64%) in the aspirin group and 4.14% (3.67‐4.66%) in the no‐aspirin group. The hazard ratio for newly diagnosed cancer was 1.24 (1.06‐1.46), and the cancer incidence was significantly higher in the aspirin group. The cumulative cancer mortality was 1.96% (1.65‐2.31%) in the aspirin group and 1.87% (1.56‐2.22%) in the no‐aspirin group, with no statistically significant difference. The Fine and Gray model suggested that the difference in the incidence of newly diagnosed cancer between the two groups decreased year by year.ConclusionsLow‐dose aspirin use did not reduce the cancer incidence or cancer mortality during a 5‐year‐average study period in the elderly Japanese. The cancer incidence in the aspirin group might decrease, however, to less than that in the no‐aspirin group after the study period. Aspirin use might have led to earlier cancer diagnosis in our study

Epitaxially regrown quantum dot photonic crystal surface emitting lasers

Quantum dot-based epitaxially regrown photonic crystal surface emitting lasers are demonstrated at room temperature. The GaAs-based devices, which are monolithically integrated on the same wafer, exhibit ground state lasing at ∼1230 nm and excited state lasing at ∼1140 nm with threshold current densities of 0.69 and 1.05 kA/cm2, respectively

2016～2017年度 関西大学研究拠点形成支援経費研究成果報告書

目次 ・研究成果の概要 ・第一論文 「信頼の革新、間メディア・クラックおよびリアルな共同の萌芽」（与謝野有紀） ・第二論文 「絵画鑑賞の社会・心理学的要因に関する計量的検討」（林直保子・与謝野有紀） ・第三論文 「全天球映像と球面ディスプレイを用いたインタラクティブコンテンツの開発 － 古墳をテーマとした地域連携事業への展開－ 」（林武文・堀雅洋・井浦崇・平尾修悟） ・第四論文 「展示解説におけるストーリー性が来館動機に及ぼす影響について－ 古代史系博物館での学習支援を目指して－ 」（井上卓也・田中孝治・池田満・堀雅洋） ・第五論文 「吹田の人形芝居・出口座の公演音声・映像資料について― 解題と考察」（菅原慶乃） ・第六論文 「長澤蘆雪と大坂画壇」（中谷伸生） ・第七論文 「『忠臣規矩順従録』小攷」（山本卓） ・第八論文 「古今和歌集の「誹諧」と「俳諧」」（山本登朗） ・謝辞 【付録】 「『隣女和歌集』巻一の基礎的考察」（坂本美樹） 「新出資料・林原美術館所蔵『隣女和歌集』(巻一)三本の紹介」（坂本美樹） 第一論文は、当該書籍に収録された論文の最終稿を東京大学出版会の許可を得て掲載しています。 第三論文は、著作権の関係により非公開としております。 第四論文は、知識共創フォーラムの許可を得て掲載しています。 第八論文は、当該資料に収録された論文の最終稿を臨川書店の許可を得て掲載しています