Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Avian Influenza Vaccines in Native Chicken Using Two by Two Contingency Table

. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination program analysis method using the 2 x 2 contingency table to provide better assessment to the vaccination program management and implementation. This study used survey methods. A total of 230 serum samples from vaccinated chickens and 20 serum samples from unvaccinated chickens were used. The blood serum samples were then examined with the Hemagglutination Inhibition Test/HI to measure antibody levels. The data were analyzed using a 2 x 2 contingency table. Results showed that the level of vaccine protection was 68.92% with 31.31% vaccines failure rate, the level of natural protective immunity in samples was 0%, 100% vaccines specificity and the effectiveness of the vaccine was 71.20%

Opimalisasi Pupuk Cair Urine Sapi Bunting dan Slury Biogas Metode Nanometer untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Rumput Gajah

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Eksperimental Farm, membuat pupuk rair organik dari urine sapi betina bunting dan limbah biogas cair slury yang di rubah strukturnya menjadi nanometer. Untuk mengetahui uji kualitas dilakukan uji pada produktivitas rumput . Proses teknologi nano secara garis besar adalah urine atau cairan slury diproses urease fermentasi, di fraksinasi elektromagnetik dan hasil fraksinasi nano, dengan partikel berukuran nanometer maka pupuk yang diberikan langsung siap pakai di daun karena partikel nano(nanometer) menembus ke daun melalui stomata daun. Pupuk cair organik nanometer diuji keberhasilannya dengan rancangan percobaan Acak Lengkap dilanjutkan Uji beda nyata jujur produktivitas rumput gajah Penelitian dengan tiga perlakuan, aras dosis 0.5ml, 1,5ml dan 3ml per liter air, ulangan 3 kali per unit dan setiap unit berisi 21 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan pupuk cair urine sapi bunting menunjukkan produktivitas optimal pada dosis 0,5 ml/liter air sedangkan pupuk cair organik bahan dasar slury memberikan produktivitas optimal pada dosis 3ml/liter ai

The Effect of Enzyme and Probiotics Mixture in Drinking Water with Protein Level Differences on Body Weights, Feed Conversion and Production index on Broiler

This experiment was study of the enzyme and  probiotic in drinking water mixture was affected on body weight, feed conversion and production index in broiler. This experiment was carried out using 144 broilers, started at one day old and finished at 42 days of age, divided into 4 type treatment of three different level of protein. Experimental method was based on randomized complete design with twelve treatments, if differently, followed by orthogonal  polynomial. Type 1 (unit ABC) was treated with mixture of drinking water and amylase, protease and probiotic at day 3rd through 5th, day 14th , day 21st, day 28th and 35th ;  type 2 (unit DEF) was treated at day 7th ,17th, 27th and 37th ; type 3 (unit GHI) was treated day 21th , day 28th and 35th ; type 4 (unit JKL) without treatment (control). The level of protein for group I of unit ADGJ was 19% of starter feed and 16% of finisher feed. The level of protein for group II  unit BEHK was 21 %of starter feed and 18% finisher feed. The variable used in body weight, feed conversion, production index at the 5th and 6th weeks of age. Result indicated that the body weight optimum was 1483.33 gram at the 5th weeks of age and 1868,89 gram, feed conversion 1, 826 and production index 279,31 at the 6th weeks of age. These findings were observed in the group of chicken given drinking, water amylase, protease and probiotic mixed with at day 3rd trough 5th , day 14th , day 21st , day 28th and day 35th ; The level of protein was 23% of starter feed and 21% of finisher feed. The mixture of enzyme and probiotic in drinking water was concluded to improve in body weight, feed conversion and production index of broiler. (Animal Production 3(1): 26-30 (2001)Key Words: Broiler, enzyme, probiotic,  body weight, feed conversion, production index

In Vitro and in vivo Test of Exctract of Morinda citrifolia and Allium sativum on Subclinical Mastistis Cows

Two subsequent experiments were conducted in the current study. Experiment I (in vitro), milk obtained from sub-clinical mastitis dairy cows were used to identify the content of bacteria types causing mastitis. It was identified that the milk contained Staphylococcus sp (76.92%), Streptococcus sp (15.38%) and E. coli (7.69%). In order to determine the optimum combination of Morinda citrifolia (M) and Allium sativum (A) for reducing the number of the identified bacteria. The milk were randomly assigned to one of four treatments with six replicates in each treatment (Completely Randomized Designed). There were four treatments, which were four kinds of Morinda citrifolia (M) to Allium sativum (A) ratio, i.e. T1 (80:20); T2 (60:40); T3 (40:60); and T4 (20:40). Collected data were analysed using analysis of variance. When analysis of variance indicated significant effects, Least significant different (LSD) was then employed.  It is indicated that T1 was the most optimum treatment to reduce bacteria counts. Experiment II (in vivo), the purpose of the experiment was to detemine the optimum dose of T1 to cure sub-clinical mastitis dairy cows and to investigate the effects of different doses of T1 on milk quality.  A total of 20 sub-clinical mastitis dairy cows were randomly treated with one of five treatments for 3 days, which were C (received penicillin), P1 (received T1:100 ml/d); P2 (received T1:200 ml/d); P3 (received T1:300 ml/d) and P4 (received T1:400 ml/d). Analysis for variance was applied followed by dunnet’s test. Milk production and somatic cell counts were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the treatments, but they significantly (P<0.005) influenced milk dry matter content. Dairy cows treated with P4 produced milk with the highest dry matter content (11.92 ± 1.90%). In conclusion, The mixtures of  Morinda citrifolia and Allium sativum can cure mastitis and improve milk dry matter content. (Animal Production 7(2): 101-105 (2005)   Key Words: Mastitis, Dairy cattle, Allium sativum, Morinda citrifolia, Quality of mil

Evaluation of Inhibition Steroid Effect by Diazinon Pollutions on Ovarium and Cortex Adrenal Glands of the Animal Model

A study was conducted to influence of the diazinon pollutions effect to histopathologic change examination of ovarium and cortex adrenal glands the rat (Rattus norvegicus) caused of steroid inhibition metabolism. The treatment consisted of four level doses of diazinon as follows 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm for 40 days, in drinking water. The microscopic examination result showed that vacuolar degeneration change in surrounding corpus atreticum and hemorrhagic lesion on interstitial cell of ovarian, in starting dose 50 ppm and then, the swollen cells and congestive lesion of cortex adrenal glands, in starting dose 100 ppm. (Animal Production 4(2): 101-111 (2002) Key words : Diazinon, Steroid, Cortex Adrenal Gland

Evaluation of Inhibition Steroid Effect by Diazinon Pollutions on Ovarium and Cortex Adrenal Glands of the Animal Model

A study was conducted to influence of the diazinon pollutions effect to histopathologic change examination of ovarium and cortex adrenal glands the rat (Rattus norvegicus) caused of steroid inhibition metabolism. The treatment consisted of four level doses of diazinon as follows 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm for 40 days, in drinking water. The microscopic examination result showed that vacuolar degeneration change in surrounding corpus atreticum and hemorrhagic lesion on interstitial cell of ovarian, in starting dose 50 ppm and then, the swollen cells and congestive lesion of cortex adrenal glands, in starting dose 100 ppm. (Animal Production 4(2): 101-111 (2002)   Key words : Diazinon, Steroid, Cortex Adrenal Gland