Seleção de progênies de "Myrocarpus frondosus" para vigor de crescimento de mudas

In this study, we aimed to evaluate half-sibling progenies of Myrocarpus frondosus based on morphological characteristics and to select seedlings with high growth vigor and quality. Seedlings were evaluated for shoot height and diameter, shoot height/diameter ratio, and number of leaves. The shoot height showed the highest estimations of linear correlation with the other characteristics. The linear correlation of shoot height between two consecutive evaluations was high from 60 days of cultivation, indicating that selection should be applied after this period. Selection of 101 seedlings within the best progenies resulted in a genetic gain of 15.13% for shoot height. The greatest indirect gain from selection was for the shoot height/diameter ratio, whereas the lowest indirect gain was for the stem diameter. Myrocarpus frondosus progenies can be selected for shoot height at 60 days of nursery cultivation, resulting in high direct gain for growth and indirect gain for stem height/diameter ratio.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar progênies de meios-irmãos de cabreúva (Myrocarpus frondosus Allemão) com base em características morfológicas e selecionar mudas com maior vigor de crescimento em viveiro. As mudas foram avaliadas para a altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do coleto, relação da altura e diâmetro do coleto e número de folhas. A altura da parte aérea apresentou altas estimativas de correlação linear e altamente significativas com os demais caracteres avaliados. A correlação linear da altura do caule entre duas avaliações consecutivas foi alta a partir dos 60 dias de cultivo, indicando que a seleção deve ser aplicada após esse período. A seleção de 101 mudas dentro das melhores progênies resultou em um ganho genético de 15,13% para a altura do caule. O maior ganho indireto da seleção foi para a relação altura/diâmetro do caule, enquanto o menor ganho indireto foi para o diâmetro do caule. As progênies de Myrocarpus frondous podem ser selecionadas para a altura do caule aos 60 dias de cultivo no viveiro, resultando em alto ganho direto para o crescimento e ganho indireto para a razão altura/diâmetro do caule

TESTE DE SANIDADE E GERMINAÇÃO EM SEMENTES DE Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart.

The current study aimed to identify pathogens, analyzing different seed treatments and substrates for the germination of Cabraleacanjerana and also to indicate instructions testing for laboratory test of the species germination. First, we assessed the moisture content and determined the thousand seed weight. In order to assess the pathogens associated with the seeds, health testing was performed at different seed treatments: T1 - Control; T2-Captan®; T3-Maxim®; T4-Sodium hypochlorite; andT5-AgrotrichPlus®. The germination testwas performed based ona factorial designwithfive seed treatmentsand threesubstrates (on blotting paper, vermiculiteand sand). The seeds showedmoisture contentandthousand seed weight of41.2% and457.3g, respectively. The main fungi genera associated withCabraleacanjerana seeds were: Penicilliumspp., Fusarium spp., Cladosporium spp., Pestalotia spp. and Phomopsisspp..Theseed treatment withCaptan®, Maxim®andsodium hypochloritewas effectivein reducing the incidenceofPenicilliumspp., but onlythe last twoshowedthe greatest potential forseed germination,regardless theused substrate. Treatment with Agrotrich Plus® had the lowest percentage of germination and increased incidence of Fusariumspp. Asepsis with 1% per 2’ sodium hypochlorite and seeding substrate over vermiculite is indicated for the germination tests of Cabraleacanjerana seeds and the first counting can be performed at the 19th day and the final one at the 30th day after the test.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar patógenos, analisar diferentes tratamentos de sementes e substratos para germinação de sementes de Cabralea canjerana e ainda indicar instruções para realização de teste laboratoriais de germinação da espécie. Primeiramente, foi avaliado o teor de umidade e determinado o peso de mil sementes. Para avaliar os patógenos associados às sementes, foi realizado o teste de sanidade com diferentes tratamentos de sementes: T1 – Testemunha; T2 – Captan®; T3 – Maxim®; T4 – Hipoclorito de sódio; e T5 – Agrotrich Plus®. O teste de germinação foi realizado em esquema fatorial com cinco tratamentos das sementes e três substratos (sobre papel mata-borrão, vermiculita e areia). As sementes apresentaram teor de umidade e peso de mil sementes, respectivamente, de 41,2% e 457,3 g. Os principais gêneros de fungos associados às sementes de Cabralea canjerana foram: Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Cladosporium spp., Pestalotia spp. e Phomopsis spp. O tratamento das sementes com Captan®, Maxim® e hipoclorito de sódio mostraram-se eficientes na redução da incidência de Penicillium spp., porém, somente os dois últimos permitem evidenciar o maior potencial de germinação das sementes, independentemente do substrato utilizado. O tratamento das sementes com os produtos Captan®, Maxim® e hipoclorito de sódio mostraram-se eficientes na redução da incidência de Penicillium spp. em sementes de Cabralea canjerana, porém, somente os dois últimos proporcionaram maior potencial de germinação independente do substrato utilizado. O tratamento com Agrotrich Plus® apresentou a menor porcentagem de germinação e aumento da incidência de Fusarium spp. Indica-se para o teste de germinação das sementes de Cabralea canjerana assepsia com hipoclorito de sódio 1% por 2’ e substrato de semeio sobre vermiculita, sendo que a primeira contagem pode ser realizada aos 19 dias e a contagem final aos 30 dias após a instalação do teste

SUBSTRATE AND FERTILIZATION IN THE QUALITY OF Myrocarpus frondosus SEEDLINGS

 Myrocarpus frondosus is a native species with high commercial timber value. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of seedlings of Myrocarpus frondosus in the nursery and to indicate the most adequate substrate and fertilization for the production of seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a factorial scheme, composed of four combinations of substrates: S1-100% commercial substrate (CS); S2 - 80% CS and 20% carbonated rice husk (CRH); S3 - 60% CS and 40% CRH; S4 - 40% CS and 60% CRH, and four fertilizations: NF – No fertilization; CRF – controlled release fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride); RRF – ready release fertilizer and micronutrients. Physical and chemical analyses were performed on the substrate. At 300 days after emergence, the following morphological variables were evaluated: (height, stem diameter, H/SD ratio, leaf area, root length, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson quality index) and the physiological variables chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm ratio and electron transport rate). Regardless of the substrate and fertilization, slow growth of the species was observed, even for the best treatment, which was verified from the height (17.87 cm) and stem diameter (2.62 mm). The use of the commercial substrate (40%) with carbonated rice husk (60%) associated with the concentration of 6 g L-1 of controlled release fertilizer is recommended, since they present the best results for the morphological and physiological variables in the nursery in general

DIFFERENT SHADING INTENSITIES INTERFERE WITH THE GROWTH OF Myrocarpus frondosus ALLEMÃO SEEDLINGS IN THE NURSERY?

Native tree species present different responses depending on their adaptability to varying degrees of sunlight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Myrocarpus frondosus seedlings under different shade conditions in a nursery. The experimental design included randomized blocks in a factorial scheme, corresponding to treatments of full sun (0%), or one of three shading intensities (30%, 50%, and 70%), with evaluation times of 30, 90, 150, 210, 270, 330, and 390 days after emergence – d.a.e. The evaluation of the morphological attributes height (H) and stem diameter (SD) were determined every 60 days, and H/SD ratio were calculated. At 390 d.a.e, the following attributes were evaluated: aerial dry matter, (ADM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter, (TDM), Dickson quality index (DQI), leaf area (LA), root volume (RV), and root length. The pigment contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and chlorophyll a/b ratio were also identified, along with carotenoid content, maximum quantum yield PSII (Fv/Fm), and electron transport rate (ETR). Myrocarpus frondosus requires shading in its initial stage of growth, at an ideal intensity of 50% or 70% for producing seedlings.

SANITY TESTING AND GERMINATION IN Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. SEEDS

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar pat\uf3genos, analisar diferentes tratamentos de sementes e substratos para germina\ue7\ue3o de sementes de Cabralea canjerana e ainda indicar instru\ue7\uf5es para realiza\ue7\ue3o de teste laboratoriais de germina\ue7\ue3o da esp\ue9cie. Primeiramente, foi avaliado o teor de umidade e determinado o peso de mil sementes. Para avaliar os pat\uf3genos associados \ue0s sementes, foi realizado o teste de sanidade com diferentes tratamentos de sementes: T1 \u2013 Testemunha; T2 \u2013 Captan\uae; T3 \u2013 Maxim\uae; T4 \u2013 Hipoclorito de s\uf3dio; e T5 \u2013 Agrotrich Plus\uae. O teste de germina\ue7\ue3o foi realizado em esquema fatorial com cinco tratamentos das sementes e tr\ueas substratos (sobre papel mata-borr\ue3o, vermiculita e areia). As sementes apresentaram teor de umidade e peso de mil sementes, respectivamente, de 41,2% e 457,3 g. Os principais g\ueaneros de fungos associados \ue0s sementes de Cabralea canjerana foram: Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Cladosporium spp., Pestalotia spp. e Phomopsis spp. O tratamento das sementes com os produtos Captan\uae, Maxim\uae e hipoclorito de s\uf3dio mostraram-se eficientes na redu\ue7\ue3o da incid\ueancia de Penicillium spp. em sementes de Cabralea canjerana, por\ue9m, somente os dois \ufaltimos proporcionaram maior potencial de germina\ue7\ue3o independente do substrato utilizado. O tratamento com Agrotrich Plus\uae apresentou a menor porcentagem de germina\ue7\ue3o e aumento da incid\ueancia de Fusarium spp. Indica-se para o teste de germina\ue7\ue3o das sementes de Cabralea canjerana assepsia com hipoclorito de s\uf3dio 1% por 2\u2019 e substrato de semeio sobre vermiculita, sendo que a primeira contagem pode ser realizada aos 19 dias e a contagem final aos 30 dias ap\uf3s a instala\ue7\ue3o do teste.The current study aimed to identify pathogens, analyzing different seed treatments and substrates for the germination of Cabralea canjerana and also to indicate instructions testing for laboratory test of the species germination. First, we assessed the moisture content and determined the thousand seed weight. In order to assess the pathogens associated with the seeds, health testing was performed at different seed treatments: T1 - Control; T2-Captan\uae; T3-Maxim\uae; T4-Sodium hypochlorite; and T5-Agrotrich Plus\uae. The germination test was performed based on a factorial design with five seed treatment sand three substrates (on blotting paper, vermiculite and sand). The seeds showed moisture content and thousand seed weight of 41.2% and 457.3 g, Fusarium spp., Cladosporium spp., Pestalotia spp. and Phomopsis spp.. The seed treatment with Captan\uae, Maxim\uae and sodium hypochlorite was effective in reducing the incidence of Penicillium spp., but only the last two showed the greatest potential forseed germination, regardless the used substrate. Treatment with Agrotrich Plus\uae had the lowest percentage of germination and increased incidence of Fusarium spp. Asepsis with 1% per 2\u2019 sodium hypochlorite and seeding substrate over vermiculite is indicated for the germination tests of Cabralea canjerana seeds and the first counting can be performed at the 19th day and the final one at the 30th day after the test

INPUTS OPTIMIZATION IN THE SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION OF Corymbia citriodora E Eucalyptus dunnii

Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus dunnii are species of relevant importance due to the quality of the wood and growth potential in Southern Brazil. Therefore, we aimed to identify containers and doses of controlled-release fertilizer capable of enhancing the morphophysiological quality and growth of these species in the nursery, aiming for the proper management of these inputs. The seedlings were produced in two volumes of containers (50 e 110 cm³), filled with Sphagnum peat-based substrate, mixed with different doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) NPK 15-09-12 (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 g L-1 of substrates). In addition, the morphological (height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight of shoot, root, and total) and physiological (chlorophyll a and b index and quantum yield of the photosystem II) attributes were evaluated. The morphological attributes proved to be suitable indicators of the quality of C. citriodora and E. dunnii seedlings, allowing to recommend the container of 50 cm³ and the doses of 9.0 g L-1 of controlled-release fertilizer for both species. At the same time, the physiological variables evaluated were not responsive to the effect of the treatments

GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF Cordia trichotoma SEEDLINGS IN RESPONSE TO FERTILIZATION WITH PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM

The cultivation of native tree species of economic and environmental interest, such as Cordia trichotoma, still depends on nutritional information. This study aimed to identify the effect of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application on the growth and photosynthetic activity of seedlings of Cordia trichotoma. In a greenhouse, ten treatments were tested considering three levels of P (150, 300, and 450 mg dm-3 ), three of K (50, 100, and 150 mg dm-3 ) and a control sample (with no fertilization). Pots filled with Red Argisol were used. At 180 days after prick, the following variables were evaluated: shoot height, stem diameter, area dry matter, root dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments. The supplementation with P and K promoted increased growth and photosynthetic capacity of the seedlings. The treatment with 450 mg dm-3 of P and 50 mg dm-3 of K provided the highest growth and the best use of the light energy by the photosystem II (Fv/Fm = 0.76), as well as lower energy loss index (Fo = 172.5). It is recommended the application of 450 mg dm-3 of P and 50 mg dm-3 of K, with the aim at higher growth and photosynthetic rate of seedlings of C. trichotomaThe cultivation of native tree species of economic and environmental interest, such as Cordia trichotoma, still depends on nutritional information. This study aimed to identify the effect of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application on the growth and photosynthetic activity of seedlings of Cordia trichotoma. In a greenhouse, ten treatments were tested considering three levels of P (150, 300, and 450 mg dm-3), three of K (50, 100, and 150 mg dm-3) and a control sample (with no fertilization). Pots filled with Red Argisol were used. At 180 days after prick, the following variables were evaluated: shoot height, stem diameter, area dry matter, root dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments. The supplementation with P and K promoted increased growth and photosynthetic capacity of the seedlings. The treatment with 450 mg dm-3 of P and 50 mg dm-3 of K provided the highest growth and the best use of the light energy by the photosystem II (Fv/Fm = 0.76), as well as lower energy loss index (Fo = 172.5). It is recommended the application of 450 mg dm-3 of P and 50 mg dm-3 of K, with the aim at higher growth and photosynthetic rate of seedlings of C. trichotoma

Fitossociologia e autoecologia subsidiando a restauração de mata ciliar, em região de transição campo-floresta

The objective of this study was to identify potential areas for collecting seeds and to list promising native species for testing the recovery of riparian forests in the field-forest zone, São Francisco de Paula, RS. Four vegetation fragments (F1, F2, F4 and F5) were observed, which were performed at phytosociological and autoecological analysis of the studied species. The results proved that F1 and F2 showed seed collecting potential. In the restoration areas highlights Araucaria angustifolia , Sebastiania commersoniana, Eugenia uruguayensis, Myrciaria delicatula, Drimys brasiliensis, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Ocotea pulchella, Cinnamomum amoenum, Styrax leprosus, Myrceugenia cucullata, Calyptranthes concinna, Myrcia palustris, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, Roupala brasiliensis, Casearia decandra and Sebastiana brasiliensis as species with potential for restoration areas in the region with possibility of preserving the fragments where they occur.O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar áreas potenciais para coleta de sementes e elencar espécies nativas promissoras para serem testadas na recuperação de matas ciliares na região de transição campo-floresta, São Francisco de Paula, RS. Observaram-se quatro fragmentos de vegetação (F1, F2, F4 e F5), dos quais foram realizadas a análise fitossociológica e autoecológica das espécies presentes. Os resultados mostraram que F1 e F2 apresentam potencial para coleta de sementes. Na restauração de áreas, destacam-se Araucaria angustifolia, Sebastiania commersoniana, Eugenia uruguayensis, Myrciaria delicatula, Drimys brasiliensis, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Ocotea pulchella, Cinnamomum amoenum, Styrax leprosus, Myrceugenia cucullata, Calyptranthes concinna, Myrcia palustris, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, Roupala brasiliensis, Casearia decandra e Sebastiana brasiliensis como espécies com potencial para a restauração de áreas na região, com abrangente possibilidade de conservação nos fragmentos onde ocorrem

Inferência bootstrap para intervalo de confiança de modelo de regressão quadrática

This study was carried out with the purpose of proposing a construction of confidence intervals for the critical point of a second degree regression model using a parametric bootstrap methodology. To obtain the distribution of the critical point, height growth data of the plants were used. From the analysis, the theoretical variables for the error and the confidence intervals were constructed. In addition, we examined different variance expressions with the purpose of the bootstrap-t confidence interval. The point estimate of the critical point was 10.7423 g L-1 of fertilizer doses without growth of C. canjerana plants. It was verified that the confidence intervals that considered the expression of the variance with the covariance between the regression models, present more satisfactory results, that is, results with more precision.Este estudo foi realizado, com objetivo de propor a construção de intervalos de confiança para o ponto crítico de um modelo de regressão de segundo grau, utilizando a metodologia bootstrap paramétrico. Para obtenção da distribuição do ponto crítico, foram utilizados dados de crescimento em altura das plantas C. canjerana em função das doses crescentes de fertilizantes. A partir da análise bootstrap paramétrico, foram consideradas diferentes variâncias teóricas para o erro e intervalos de confiança foram construídos. Além disso, foram examinadas diferentes expressões de variâncias com a finalidade de encontrar intervalo de confiança bootstrap-t. A estimativa pontual do ponto crítico foi de 10,7423 gL-1  de doses de fertilizantes no crescimento das plantas de C. canjerana. Verificou-se que os intervalos de confiança que consideraram a expressão da variância com covariância entre os parâmetros do modelo de regressão, apresentaram resultados mais satisfatórios, ou seja, resultados com maior precisão

SUPERVIVENCIA Y CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE Parapiptadenia rigida EN CAMPO

 El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el crecimiento de plantas de Parapiptadenia rigida, producidas en vivero con diferentes volúmenes de contenedor y dosis de fertilizante de liberación controlada (FLC), y su crecimiento posterior al trasplante en campo. Las plantas fueron producidas utilizando los siguientes factores: tres volúmenes de contenedor 50, 110 y 180 cm3 y cinco dosis de FLC: 0 (testigo), 3, 6, 9 y 12 g L-1 de sustrato, en diseño completamente aleatorio, con cuatro repeticiones. A los 210 días posterior a la siembra, se verificó la altura (H), diámetro de cuello (DC) y relación H/DC de las plantas. Posterior a esa evaluación, se realizó el trasplante a campo, siguiendo los mismos tratamientos de vivero, pero en bloques al azar. Pasados 30 días de la implantación del experimento en campo se evaluó el porcentaje de supervivencia de las plantas, y a los 300 días se verificó el incremento en altura (IH) y diámetro del cuello (IDC); y la relación IH/IDC. Para la producción de plantas en vivero, el contenedor de 180 cm3 proporcionó elevado crecimiento, siendo dependiente de la dosis de FLC utilizada, la cual debe estar entre 6 y 9 g L-1. Los resultados obtenidos en vivero se confirmaron en campo para el contenedor utilizado, con mayor supervivencia e incremento para el tubete de 180 cm3. Para la dosis de fertilización, los resultados obtenidos en la producción de plantas se reflejaron solamente en la supervivencia inicial.Palabras-clave: especie forestal nativa, fertilizante de liberación controlada, volumen de contenedor. ResumoSobrevivência e crescimento inicial de Parapiptadenia rigida a campo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Parapiptadenia rigida, produzidas no viveiro com diferentes volumes de recipientes e doses de fertilizante de liberação controlada (FLC), e seu crescimento após plantio no campo. As mudas foram produzidas utilizando os seguintes fatores: três volumes de recipientes 50, 110 e 180 cm³ e cinco doses de FLC: 0 (testemunha), 3, 6, 9, e 12 g L-1 de substrato, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Aos 210 dias após a semeadura, verificou-se a altura (H), diâmetro do coleto (DC) e relação H/DC das mudas. Posterior a essa avaliação, ocorreu o plantio dessas mudas a campo, seguindo os mesmos tratamentos de viveiro, em blocos ao acaso. Após 30 dias da implantação do experimento no campo avaliou-se a percentagem de sobrevivência das mudas, e aos 300 dias verificou-se o incremento em altura (IH) e diâmetro do coleto (IDC); e a relação IH/IDC. Para a produção das mudas em viveiro, o recipiente de 180 cm³ proporcionou elevado crescimento, sendo dependente da dose de FLC utilizada, a qual deve estar entre 6 e 9 g L-1. Os resultados obtidos em viveiro se confirmaram a campo para o recipiente testado, com maiores sobrevivência e incremento para o tubete de 180 cm³. Por outro lado, para a dose de adubação, os resultados obtidos na produção de mudas se refletiram apenas na sobrevivência inicial.Palavras-chave: espécie florestal nativa, fertilizante de liberação controlada, volume de recipiente