Management of liver cancer. The Surgeon's point of view

During the last twenty years, a huge progress has been achieved in the treatment of liver cancer and recent strategies include interventional radiology, chemotherapy regimens and surgery. Meanwhile, Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SRBT) has developed in the treatment of all organs with millimetre accuracy, very few side effects and a high control rate. So, SRBT has become a therapeutic weapon in his own right in liver tumour treatment. Many publications have reported encouraging results in colorectal liver metastasis, hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis and peripheric cholangiocarcinoma. It is important that radiation therapists involve systematic multidisciplinary “liver tumour” meetings to discuss therapeutic indications and initiate treatments quickly

T regulatory cells disrupt the CCL20-CCR6 axis driving Th17 homing to the gut

Background: During HIV-1 infection, the integrity of the intestinal immune barrier is disrupted due to a deep depletion of CD4 + T cells in the gut. The translocation of microbial products from the gut lumen into the bloodstream has been linked with systemic inflammation. Despite long-term effective cART, CD4 + T cells in the lamina propria are incompletely restored in most individuals. Aims: Among the chemotactic axes involved in CD4 + T cell homing to the gut, we focused on the CCR6-CCL20 axis as it governs Th17 cells homing, a T cell subset exerting a major role in antimicrobial immunity. We aimed to assess the factors regulating the expression of CCL20 by the enterocytes, and notably the role of the cytokines produced by Treg and Th17 cells. Methods: Small bowel biopsies were obtained by endoscopy in 20 HIV-1 + and 10 HIV-1-individuals. Intestinal lymphocytes phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry. CCL20 mRNA was quantified by qRT-PCR. The effect of PRR ligands and cytokines on CCL20 expression was explored using an ex-vivosystem of human primary enterocytes. A coculture was done between the enterocytes and Th17/Treg cells. The expression of CCL20 by the enterocytes was evaluated by qRT-PCR and ELISA

Oldest skeleton of a fossil flying squirrel casts new light on the phylogeny of the group

Flying squirrels are the only group of gliding mammals with a remarkable diversity and wide geographical range. However, their evolutionary story is not well known. Thus far, identification of extinct flying squirrels has been exclusively based on dental features, which, contrary to certain postcranial characters, are not unique to them. Therefore, fossils attributed to this clade may indeed belong to other squirrel groups. Here we report the oldest fossil skeleton of a flying squirrel (11.6 Ma) that displays the gliding-related diagnostic features shared by extant forms and allows for a recalibration of the divergence time between tree and flying squirrels. Our phylogenetic analyses combining morphological and molecular data generally support older dates than previous molecular estimates (\~23 Ma), being congruent with the inclusion of some of the earliest fossils (\~36 Ma) into this clade. They also show that flying squirrels experienced little morphological change for almost 12 million years

Transplantation hépatique pour carcinome hépato-cellulaire, le traitement idéal? (survie globale et sans récidive à dix ans)

Le carcinome hépato-cellulaire (CHC) est la complication vitale la plus fréquente chez le cirrhotique. Le but de ce travail a été d'étudier la survie globale (SG) et sans récidive (SSR) à 10 ans après traitement du CHC par transplantation hépatique (TH). Soixante cinq malades ont été inclus dans ce travail entre 1985 et 2002. Le recueil des données était fait de façon prospective, les courbes de survie actuarielle étaient calculées par la méthode de Kaplan-Meier et comparer par le test de Log-rank. La recherche de facteurs pronostic était faite par une analyse multivariée avec le modèle de Cox. La SG à 10 ans était de 40.6 %, et SSR de 37 %. En cas de sélection des indications par les critères de Milan, ses chiffres passaient à 75.3 % et 68 %. D'autres sous groupes de bon pronostic ont été isolés, il s'agit de : 1 seul nodule ; < 3 nodules avec une taille ne dépassant pas 4 cm ; < 3 nodules ; taille < 4 cm. Le principal facteur de mauvais pronostic isolé pour la SG et la SSR est la présence d'un envahissement vasculaire néoplasique macroscopique. En conclusion, la TH parait être le traitement idéal du CHC, mais ses indications doivent être sélectionnées du fait de la pénurie d'organeTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Allées (315552109) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Une étude de la phénologie de la végétation dominante dans une tourbière à sphaignes de montagne avec Sentinel-2 et des observations

International audienceAbstract Peatlands store more than a third of the global soil organic carbon stock. Bryophytes, more specifically Sphagnum mosses, play a major role in the carbon and water cycles of these ecosystems. There is a need to include Sphagnum mosses into Earth system models to better simulate the dynamics of peatlands in a changing environment. Leaf area index (LAI) is a key plant trait that characterizes the plant photosynthesizing capacity. Moreover, LAI is a variable calculated by land surface models used in climate models, allowing control of the exchange of matter and energy between vegetation and the environment. There is extremely little data on Sphagnum LAI and none on its seasonal change. We monitored Sphagnum mosses LAI phenology in a mountainous peatland site (altitude of 1,343 m) from June to December 2021 using two methods: 2D scans of monthly Sphagnum moss samples and analysis of Sentinel‐2 images. LAI derived from field campaigns and the remote sensing approach show a strong seasonality, with high peak values reaching 10 and 7 m 2 ·m −2 , respectively. The Sentinel‐2 images were also used to derive common vegetation indices. The moisture soil index effectively discriminates Sphagnum ‐dominated areas in the peatland. Satellite‐derived LAI of Sphagnum mosses is directly correlated to gross primary production monitored by gas exchange measurements ( R 2 = 0.83) but also to physical drivers of the environment such as air temperature ( R 2 = 0.74) or water table depth ( R 2 = 0.61) over the 2017–2021 period. It is therefore highly suitable to investigate ecosystemic functions

Land to sea record of the mega-eustatic cycle including the Messinian Salinity Crisis in the Mediterranean Andalusia

International audienc

Monitoring human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in HCMV-seropositive orthotopic liver-transplant recipients by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

International audienceOBJECTIVE: Human cytomegalovirus can be reactivated after orthotopic liver transplantation in patients who are seropositive for cytomegalovirus. Whether those cytomegalovirus-seropositive patients require immediate posttransplant (anti)- cytomegalovirus prophylactic therapy or preemptive treatment as opposed to deferred treatment remains controversial. The aims of our study were to evaluate the relevance of cytomegalovirus monitoring with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in whole blood and to analyze the factors that determine the treatment of the first episode of cytomegalovirus infection with intravenous ganciclovir in seropositive liver-transplant patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two cytomegalovirus-seropositive liver-transplant patients were assessed for cytomegalovirus DNAemia every 2 weeks until posttransplant day 90 and every 3 to 4 weeks until day 180. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were also prospectively monitored. RESULTS: Cytomegalovirus DNAemia was detected at least once in 27 patients (64%). Treatment was initiated in 12 patients (group 1) but not in 15 others (group 2). Median HCMV viral loads of the first positive and the highest DNAemia were statistically higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P = 0.01). Univariate analysis of DNAemia showed that alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P = .0011) and that hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P = .0443). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the only factor that predicted the treatment of the first episode of HCMV DNAemia was a level of alkaline phosphatase greater than 150 IU/L [odds ratio, 20; range, 1.97-203.32; P = .01]. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of criteria, including viral-load kinetics, clinical factors, alkaline phosphatase levels (in particular), and the patient's immune condition, is required to efficiently monitor patients who are seropositive for cytomegalovirus after orthotopic liver transplantation

Stocks et flux de carbone de la tourbière de Bernadouze

National audienceCette présentation synthétise les travaux de mesure des stocks et des flux de carbone de la tourbière de Bernadouze dans le cadre de l'Observatoire Hommes-Milieux (OHM) Pyrénées Haut Vicdessos et du Service National d'Observation Tourbières (SNO Tourbières)