Authenticity in Kannan's youthful songs sung by Periyalwar

Literatures are emerging from time to time. A literary work succeeds when it brings out the same feelings felt by the author and evokes a kind of feeling to the reader. The writer must immerse himself in the feelings of the character which he creates and bring it out in his work so that the reader too can feel the same feelings.  Authenticity is very important in literature. That is why the reader can see what the author saw. When truth is found in a piece of literature, the reader becomes immersed in it. He involve himself in the meaning of what the poet is s saying. Truth is a psychological thing. It is powerful enough to move the reader out of his place. In literature, the poet can be successful if he brings out the truth through his writing. It is not that so easy for a male writer to portray himself as a woman and fully express women feeling in his work. Moreover, motherhood is something that only women can experience. It is very difficult for a man to achieve such a position. Periyalwar has made such an effort in his work Thirumozhi. In order to enjoy Kannan's activities, he composed hymns pretending to be his mother. An introduction is given to the juvenile hymns found in the Periyazwar hymns. This article finds the truth of Ayarbadi women found in Tirumozhi and finding the truth of Yasodhai in depth, the truth of the motherhood is found and all these are analyzed and examined in the inner hymns

Topological Cordial Labeling of Some Graphs

A topological cordial labeling of a graph G = (V(G), E(G)) with |V(G)| = n is an injective function f :V(G) →2X where X is any non – empty set such that |X| < n and {f(V(G))} forms a topology on X, that induces a function f*: E(G) →{0,1} defined by f*(uv) = 1 if f(u)∩f(v) is not an empty set and not a singleton set and 0 otherwise for all uv ϵ E(G) such that |ef (0) – ef (1)| ≤ 1, where ef (0) = number of edges labelled with 0 and ef (1) = number of edges labelled with 1. The graph which admits a topological cordial labeling is called a topological cordial graph. In this paper, topological cordial labeling of some special graphs are discussed

Improving women’s diet quality pre-conceptionally and during gestation: effects on birth weight and prevalence of low birth weight; a randomized controlled efficacy trial in India (Mumbai Maternal Nutrition Project)

BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW) is an important public health problem in undernourished populations.OBJECTIVE: We tested whether improving women's dietary micronutrient quality before conception and throughout pregnancy increases birth weight in a high-risk Indian population.DESIGN: The study was a nonblinded, individually randomized controlled trial. The intervention was a daily snack made from green leafy vegetables, fruit, and milk (treatment group) or low-micronutrient vegetables (potato and onion) (control group) from ? 90 d before pregnancy until delivery in addition to the usual diet. Treatment snacks contained 0.69 MJ of energy (controls: 0.37 MJ) and 10-23% of WHO Reference Nutrient Intakes of ?-carotene, riboflavin, folate, vitamin B-12, calcium, and iron (controls: 0-7%). The primary outcome was birth weight.RESULTS: Of 6513 women randomly assigned, 2291 women became pregnant, 1962 women delivered live singleton newborns, and 1360 newborns were measured. In an intention-to-treat analysis, there was no overall increase in birth weight in the treatment group (+26 g; 95% CI: -15, 68 g; P = 0.22). There was an interaction (P &lt; 0.001) between the allocation group and maternal prepregnant body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) [birth-weight effect: -23, +34, and +96 g in lowest (&lt;18.6), middle (18.6-21.8), and highest (&gt;21.8) thirds of BMI, respectively]. In 1094 newborns whose mothers started supplementation ? 90 d before pregnancy (per-protocol analysis), birth weight was higher in the treatment group (+48 g; 95% CI: 1, 96 g; P = 0.046). Again, the effect increased with maternal BMI (-8, +79, and +113 g; P-interaction = 0.001). There were similar results for LBW (intention-to-treat OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.05; P = 0.10; per-protocol OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.98; P = 0.03) but no effect on gestational age in either analysis.CONCLUSIONS: A daily snack providing additional green leafy vegetables, fruit, and milk before conception and throughout pregnancy had no overall effect on birth weight. Per-protocol and subgroup analyses indicated a possible increase in birth weight if the mother was supplemented ? 3 mo before conception and was not underweight. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/ as ISRCTN62811278<br/

Biodiversity of cultivable molluscan resources from Pulicat Lake, southeast coast of India

The molluscs constitute a natural resource of sizable magnitude in parts of the world. The range of their distribution is extensive in space as in time for it covers terrestrial, marine and freshwater habitats In Bar mouth, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 2.15 to 2.45 showing minimum during October and maximum during May. The Shannon-Wiener index in Karimanal ranged from 2.26 to 2.40 showing minimum during October and maximum during May. The Shannon-Wiener index in Pulicat town ranged from 2.25 to 2.39 showing minimum during October and maximum during September. Among the study areas, Bar mouth showed maximum diversity in Pulicat lake. Now there was no active culture practiced in lake as far as the Molluscan culture is concern, apart from commercial liming. More studies are needed for conservation and management of this valuable resource. If this ancient heritage of the Pulicat wetland has to be preserved for posterity and its rich biodiversity conserved, this Pulicat Lake must be recognized as a 'Ramsar Site', for international protection, as early as possible. Early detection and rapid response of habitat loss and alteration could prevent the loss of biodiversity

Dietary habits of female urban slum-dwellers in Mumbai

RESEARCH QUESTION: Intakes of micronutrient-rich foods are low among women of child-bearing age living in slums. We investigated relationships between consumption of these foods and socio-demographic variables.METHODOLOGY: A 91-item Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered to women (n=1651) aged 16-40 yrs living in a Mumbai slum. We identified associations between categorical demographic variables and consumption frequency of these foods using chi-square tests. Associations with age and body mass index were investigated using one-way ANOVAs.RESULTS: A quarter of women ate fruit and green leafy vegetables &lt; 3 times per week, Apart from in tea, median consumption of milk and milk products was &lt; twice a week, 16% never consumed non-vegetarian foods. Median consumption of non-vegetarian foods was 4.5 times per week. Women employed in unskilled jobs and those whose husbands had skilled occupations ate green leafy vegetables more frequently. Participants educated to tertiary level consumed fruit and milk most frequently (p&lt;0.05)