Pengembangan Metode Ekstraksi Alginat dari Rumput Laut Sargassum SP. sebagai Bahan Pengental

Indonesia mempunyai banyak rumput laut yang berpotensi tinggi sebagai penghasil alginate, namun metode ekstraksinya belum sesuai yang diharapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode ekstraksi natrium alginat dari rumput laut Sargassum melalui jalur kalsium alginat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan berbagai variasi konsentrasi kalsium klorida yang digunakan pada pemisahan alginat dari filtrat hasil ekstraksinya. Konsentrasi kalsium klorida yang digunakan divariasi 0,5; 0,75 dan 1 M. Sebagai kontrol dilakukan ekstraksi alginat melalui jalur asam alginat yang dikembangkan di Balai Besar Riset Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan, Jakarta. Parameter kualitas alginat yang diamati meliputi rendemen alginat, kenampakan produk, viskositas dan kekuatan gel yang dihasilkan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa rendemen alginat yang dihasilkan berturut-turut sebesar 32,67; 44,67 dan 53,33 % dan untuk kontrol 31,67 %. Secara kenampakan, konsentrasi kalsium klorida tidak terlalu mempengaruhi kenampakan produk alginat yang dihasilkan, tetapi lebih gelap jika dibandingkan dengan produk hasil ekstraksi melalui jalur asam alginat. Viskositas alginat yang dihasilkan berturut-turut 149, 131 dan 144 cP, sementara untuk kontrol 304 cP. Secara umum kekuatan gel alginat yang dihasilkan dari jalur kalsium alginat lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang diekstrak melalui jalur asam alginat

Procjena visinske točnosti digitalnog modela terena (DMT) ALOS PALSAR-2 u području Rote Dead Sea – Indonezija

Vertical accuracy evaluation is essential to determine in order to know the quality of a DTM. This quality will affect the scale type and utilization of the DTM. The study data use DTM ALOS PALSAR-2. This study evaluates the vertical accuracy of the DTM ALOS PALSAR-2 with different height reference fields in the Rote Dead Sea Area, Indonesia. Each DTM is made with the EGM 1996, EGM 2008, and WGM 2012. The three DTMs extracted based on the height reference field will have different orthometric heights; therefore, an evaluation of the vertical accuracy is needed to determine the quality of the three DTMs. They compare with field measurements from GNSS-levelling. This test is carried out at lowland and highland, using 10 test points. For the lowland area, the RMSE (z) in height at DTM is 1.363 m for WGM 2012, 2.017 m for EGM 2008, and 1.934 m for EGM 1996. For the highlands area, the RMSE (z) in height at DTM is 1.185 m for WGM 2012, 1.201 m for EGM 2008, and 1.432 m for EGM 1996. The DTM-WGM 2012 and DTM-EGM 1996 are recommended to use in this area because they have higher vertical accuracy. The vertical accuracy test in the Rote lowland corresponds to class 2 and class 3 on a scale of 1:10,000. The vertical accuracy test results in the Rote highland correspond to class 1 and class 2 on a scale of 1:10,000. The ALOS PALSAR-2 DTM vertical accuracy test results can be used for mapping scales of 1:10,000 – 1:25,000 in Rote.Procjenu visinske točnosti neophodno je obaviti kako bi se utvrdila kvaliteta DMT-a. Ta će kvaliteta utjecati na vrstu mjerila i korištenje DMT-a. U studiji se koriste podaci iz DMT-a ALOS PALSAR-2. Ova studija procjenjuje visinsku točnost DMT-a ALOS PALSAR-2 s različitim referentnim područjima visine u području Rote Dead Sea, Indonezija. Svaki DMT izrađen je uz pomoć EGM 1996, EGM 2008 i WGM 2012. Tri DMT-a, koja se temelje na referentnim područjima visine, imat će različite ortometrijske visine; zato je potrebna procjena visinske točnosti kako bi se odredila kvaliteta ta tri DMT-a. Oni se uspoređuju s terenskim mjerenjima dobivenima GNSS-niveliranjem. Ovo ispitivanje provodi se u nizinskim i brdskim područjima koristeći 10 testnih točaka. Za nizinsko područje, RMSE (z) u visini na DMT-u je 1,363 m za WGM 2012, 2,017 m za EGM 2008 i 1,934 m za EGM 1996. Za brdsko područje, RMSE (z) u visini na DMT-u je 1,185 m za WGM 2012, 1,201 m za EGM 2008 i 1,432 m za EGM 1996. DMT-WGM 2012 i DMT-EGM 1996 preporučuju se za korištenje u tom području jer imaju veću visinsku točnost. Ispitivanje visinske točnosti u nizinskom području otoka Rote odgovara klasi 2 i klasi 3 u mjerilu 1:10 000. Ispitivanje visinske točnosti u brdskom području otoka Rote odgovara klasi 1 i klasi 2 u mjerilu 1:10 000. Rezultati ispitivanja visinske točnosti DMT-a ALOS PALSAR-2 mogu se koristiti za mjerila kartiranja 1:10 000 – 1:25 000 na otoku Rote

Alginates modification and the prospective uses of their products.

Alginate is a natural hydrocolloid that is used in food and non food industries. The weakness ofnative alginate cause the limited uses of this material in industry. Some weaknesses of nativealginate had been successfully overcome either by the modification of alginate structure orinteraction of alginate with another substances. The low solubility of alginate and its low stabilityagainst acid had been successfully resolved with esterification of alginate backbone with propyleneglycol, producing propylene glycol alginate (PGA). The high syneresis of alginate gel had beensuccessfully overcome with partial hydrolysis, producing short chain alginate, introduce shortchain polyguluronate and interact alginate with other substances such as locust bean gum (LBG).Alginate hydrophilic properties could be changed into amphiphilic by long alkyl chain substitutiontowards part of the polysaccharides group. The ability of alginate to promote the growth of probioticbacteria could be done by enzymatic hydrolysis of alginate using alginate lyase producingalginate oligosaccharides (AOS). The modification of alginate had opened the big opportunity forthe uses of alginate and its derivatives, both in food and non food sectors

PEMANFAATAN MEDIA GAMBAR PAHLAWAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS SEJARAH (STUDI KASUS PADA SD DI KECAMATAN KARANGMONCOL KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambar pahlawan nasional yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPS sejarah. Proses pembelajaran sejarah dengan menggunakan media gambar pahlawan nasional, alasan gambar pahlawan nasional digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran sejarah, bagaimana dampak penggunaan media gambar pahlawan bagi siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Kecamatan Karangmoncol Kabupaten Purbalingga, sekolah dasar yaitu SD Negeri 2 Tajug, diasumsikan dapat mewakili sebaran SDN se-Kecamatan Karangmoncol. Sejalan dengan rumusan masalah, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dasar deskriptif kualitatif dengan harapan dapat mengungkapkan data yang lebih menekankan pada fenomena-fenomena penelitian berkaitan dengan penggunaan media Gambar Pahlawan pada pembelajaran sejarah di SD. Mengikuti arah penelitian kualitatif, model analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis interaktif. Pokok-pokok temuan penelitian ini ialah : (1) Gambar Pahlawan Nasional yang dipakai dalam pembelajaran sejarah di SD jumlahnya sangat sedikit, sehingga siswa kurang mengenal gambar pahlawan yang jumlahnya telah ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah sebanyak 140 pahlawan nasional; (2) Media pembelajaran sejarah ini belum dipergunakan secara maksimal, keberadaannya hanya bersifat sebagai data pendukung uraian, belum sampai pada bentuk penerapan metode belajar dengan metode pemahaman gambar. Guru tidak memposisikan media ini sebagai media yang representative untuk membentuk sikap-sikap yang luhur sesuai apa yang menjadi tujuan pembelajaran sejarah; (3) Dengan pembelajaran menggunakan media gambar pahlawan nasional daya ingat siswa lebih kuat, mudah mengingat terjadinya suatu peristiwa sejarah di suatu tempat karena dihadapkan dengan figure walaupun dalam bentuk gambar. Disamping itu guru mampu menunjuk data yang objektif dan benar dengan adanya suatu pahlawan sebagai pelaku sejarah. Gambar Pahlawan sebagai media yang representative untuk mengenal tokoh pejuang, berfungsi meningkatkan motivasi dan mempermudah penerimaan siswa. Dalam mengikuti pelajaran, memahami konsep materi serta mengoptimalkan kegiatan belajar. Pembelajaran sejarah dengan menggunakan media Gambar Pahlawan menjadikan pembelajaran berlangsung lebih hidup karena dapat dilakukan dengan lebih bervariatif dan tidak menjenuhkan, penyampaian materi yang bersifat verbal terkurangi, sehingga antusias siswa terhadap pembelajaran sejarah lebih tinggi, karena materi yang disajikan dengan gambar lebih menarik. Atas dasar hal tersebut, pembelajaran sejarah harus diubah kearah pemahaman gambar, sehingga pemahaman siswa terhadap nilai-nilai perjuangan para pahlawan lebih mendalam. Kata Kunci : Pemanfaatan Media Gambar Pahlawan Nasional sebagai Pembelajaran IPS sejarah

Penggambaran Meridian dan Paralel Dalam Sistem Proyeksi Peta Tertentu Dengan Menggunakan "Personal Computer" Grafis.

Kata kunci: Menggambar Proyeksi Peta - Personal Computer Grafis

EVALUASI PEMBUATAN MOSAIK FOTO UDARA FORMAT KECIL TIDAK TERKONTROL MENGGUNAKAN PERANG KAT LUNAK DESAIN GRAFIS KOMERSIAL

Aerial photographs acquired using small format photogrammetric method generally do not have homogenous quality. These photos require specific treatments if they are to he used to generate mosaic. On the other hand, design graphic software is widely available. While this software does not specifically designed for mapping processes, it has the potential to be used for image processing including aerial photos. This research aims at evaluating uncontrolled mosaic generated using design graphic software. The evaluation including flight line construction, cutting photos and adjusting their contrasts, mosaicking process, partial and global photo enhancement. The results show that the mosaic\u27 generated using small format aerial photos and processed using design graphic software has a very good visual quality. It is generated in relatively fast and easy. However, the use of the mosaic for geometric extraction have to be done cerefully, due to inherent characteristic on uncontrolled mosaic

Preliminary assessment of the geometric performance of satellite data imaged by avnir-adeos

ABSTRACT In August 1996 the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) launched its satellite called the Advanced Earth Observation Satellite (ADEOS) carrying a very high spatial resolution sensor named A VNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer). This sensor is capable of recording the earth surface with pointing angle ± 40 degrees perpendicular to the satellite flight direction. These characteristics are particularly attractive to develop a three-dimensional model from a pair of overlapped AVNIR images taken from two adjacent paths. However, in order to be used to generate a representative Digital Elevation Model (DEM) the geometric performance of the data imaged by this sensor need to be evaluated. This research assesses such performance. A pair of overlapped panchromatic AVNIR satellite images were used as samples. Coordinate transformation algorithms including Affine, Projective, and Polynomial were developed to recta the images. Ground control points (GCPs) acquired from topographic maps were used as input into those three algorithms. In this case, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of each algorithms applied in the left and right images indicate the image geometric performance. Furthermore, this research attempts to determine the B/H ratio of the images. A mathematical model representing collinearity conditions among objects on the ground and their corresponding points on the image was used

Development of GIS database for urban environmental management: a case study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia (Pengembangan Basisdata SIG untuk Pengelolaan lingkungan Perkotaan: Studi Kasus di Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

ABSTRAK Ketersediaan informasi yang berkaitan dengan kualitas lingkungan sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung pengelolaan lingkungan. Tetapi, seringkali informasi tersebut tidak tersedia atau pada banyak kasus informasi yang dimaksud tersedia di berbagai instansi dan disajikan dalam berbagai bentuk dan klasifikasi. Masalah ini menyebabkan kesulitan dalam penggunaan informasi tersebut. berusaha untuk mengintegrasikan informasi yang tersedia di berbagai sumber melalui pengembangan database Sistem Informasi Geografi ( Geographic Information System: GIS) yang ditujukan uniuk pengelolaan lingkungan daerah urban. Daerah urban Yogyakarta dipilih sebagai daerah penelitian. Kesulitan dalam pengembangan database maupun potensi penggunaan database tersebut dikaji dalam penelitian ini. Kota Kunci: GIS, basisdata, data spasial dan atribut, lingkungan perkotaa

PENGARUH PENUNDAAN PENGOLAHAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN HISTAMIN IKAN LISONG (Scomber australascus CV)

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh penundaan pengolahan terhadap kandungan histamin ikan lisong (Scomber australasicus CV), Penundaan pengolahan dilakukan pada suhu kamar dan suhu rendah (es).

PENYEDIAAN DATA DAN INFORMASI DARI CITRA SATELIT QUICKBIRD UNTUK PENGELOLAAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN PERKOTAAN = Utilizing Data and Information from QuickBird Satellite Imaging for Managing Land and Building Taxes in ...

The Directorate General of Taxes, in particular the Directorate of PBB and BPHTB (Land and Building Tax, and Acquisition Duty Land and Building Right) Directorate has been using QuickBird Pankromatik Standard Imagery for gathering data of potentially taxed objects in several areas. The line-map as a result of an image interpretation was used to determine area, and to assess the tax imposed on land and building of the area. The general implementation stages outline in this research included two stages, namely imagery processing stage and analyst stage. The image enhancement was done in the image processing stage using the contrast stretching and histogram equalization algorithms. In order to conduct testing on the difference in the measurement of areas between maps based on digitized data from satellite imaging and maps of PBB block map using terrestrial measurement yielded an area tolerance of 10 % (in accordance Surat Keputusan Dirjen Pajak Nomor : KEP-533/PJ/2000). Measurement of interpretation accuracy was conducted using the Short method. The result has shown that accuracy of object/building interpretation using satellite imaging-based data is quite high, as shown by the result of 1002 objects digitized on QuickBird Panchromatic Standard Imagery. The percentage of accuracy of the whole study area is 96.31 %. Tests on the differences of area