Geophysical surveys in engineering geology investigations with field examples

This chapter focusses on geophysical survey techniques, employed in engineering geological investigations and it includes case studies. Goal of a geophysical study in an engineering geological research is to display discontinuities in the rock masses, physico-mechanical properties of soils and rocks, groundwater exploration, faults, landslides, etc. It is also helpful to learn type and thickness of soil, layer inclination. These techniques include engineering geological surface mapping, geotechnical drilling and in situ testing. Then the obtained geophysical field data are analyzed and interpreted in conjunction with the results of geological information.The most common geophysical methods namely seismic, magnetometric, vertical electrical sounding (VES), Very Low Frequency (VLF) Electromagnetics methods, ground penetration radar (GPR) provide sufficient information about the subsurface although they have their limitations, setting up the minimum tests requirements in relation to the type of the geological formations. © 2018 by IGI Global. All rights reserved

Photoinduced reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate using camphorquinone/benzhydrol system

A versatile initiating system composed of camphorquinone/benzhydrol and (CuBr2)-Br-II/N,N,N ',N '',N ''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine for photoinduced reverse atom transfer radical polymerization has been developed. The control experiments, where each component is eliminated in the reaction, serve as a direct verification of the mechanism. There is poor or no control over the polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the absence of either camphorquinone or benzhydrol. The experimental molecular weights are considerably higher than theoretical values and the obtained polymers show slightly broad molecular weight distributions ranging from 1.13 to 1.51 in the process. Although at relatively lower polymerization rates, the addition of an alkyl halide to the system leads to a better control of the polymerization as reflected by the improved molecular weight distribution and chain-end functionality. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industr

Synthesis of block copolymers by selective H-abstraction and radical coupling reactions using benzophenone/benzhydrol photoinitiating system

Block copolymers were synthesized by a simple photochemical strategy based on selective H-abstraction and radical coupling reactions of ketyl macroradicals. Benzophenone (BP) and benzhydrol (Bzh) end functional polymers were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using functional initiators. Subsequently, the resulting end functional polymers were mixed in 1:1 M ratio and irradiated to form ketyl radicals by hydrogen abstraction of the excited BP moieties from Bzh moieties. The influence of various experimental parameters on the polymerization such as type of polymers and solvents were examined. H-1 NMR, UV and GPC measurements clearly pointed out an efficient photoinduced end coupling reaction between ketyl radicals. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Visible Light-Induced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Macromolecular Syntheses

Visible light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of vinyl monomers are examined by using various photocatalysts systems including Type I and Type II photoinitiators, dyes, dimanganese decacarbonyl and semiconducting photocatalysts. The influence of various experimental parameters on the polymerization such as type of light sources and photocatalyts, and concentration of metal catalysts are also investigated. Although there currently exist only a few examples, the visible light initiation can be applied to the ATRP process providing a mild and efficient method for the in situ generation of Cu(I) activator

Abstracts of The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium

This abstract book contains abstracts of the various research ideas presented at The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium.The RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium served as a perfect venue for practitioners, engineers, researchers, scientists, managers and decision-makers from all over the world to exchange ideas and technology about the latest innovation developments dealing with risk minimization