1,115 research outputs found
Undemocratic Dirac seesaw
The standard model left-handed neutrinos and several right-handed neutrinos
can obtain a tiny Dirac mass matrix through their mixings with relatively heavy
Dirac fermions. In this Dirac seesaw scenario, the mixings involving the
left-handed neutrinos can be allowed much larger than those involving the
right-handed neutrinos. This undemocratic parameter choice is attractive to
phenomenology. We show that the small mixings between the heavy Dirac fermions
and the right-handed neutrinos can have a common origin with the observed
baryon asymmetry in the universe. We also connect the introduction of
right-handed neutrinos to the existence and stability of dark matter by a new
gauge symmetry for dark photon or baryon-minus-lepton number. We then
specify how to embed our scenario into a left-right symmetric theory or a grand
unification theory.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
A minimal Tersoff potential for diamond silicon with improved descriptions of elastic and phonon transport properties
Silicon is an important material and many empirical interatomic potentials
have been developed for atomistic simulations of it. Among them, the Tersoff
potential and its variants are the most popular ones. However, all the existing
Tersoff-like potentials fail to reproduce the experimentally measured thermal
conductivity of diamond silicon. Here we propose a modified Tersoff potential
and develop an efficient open source code called GPUGA (graphics processing
units genetic algorithm) based on the genetic algorithm and use it to fit the
potential parameters against energy, virial and force data from quantum density
functional theory calculations. This potential, which is implemented in the
efficient open source GPUMD (graphics processing units molecular dynamics)
code, gives significantly improved descriptions of the thermal conductivity and
phonon dispersion of diamond silicon as compared to previous Tersoff potentials
and at the same time well reproduces the elastic constants. Furthermore, we
find that quantum effects on the thermal conductivity of diamond silicon at
room temperature are non-negligible but small: using classical statistics
underestimates the thermal conductivity by about 10\% as compared to using
quantum statistics.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
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Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids, Total Cholesterol, and Stomach Cancer in a Chinese Population.
To investigate the associations between dietary fatty acids and cholesterol consumption and stomach cancer (SC), we analyzed data from a population-based case-control study with a total of 1900 SC cases and 6532 controls. Dietary data and other risk or protective factors were collected by face-to-face interviews in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2003 to 2010. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple unconditional logistic regression models and an energy-adjusted method. The joint associations between dietary factors and known risk factors on SC were examined. We observed positive associations between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and total cholesterol and the development of SC, comparing the highest versus lowest quarters. Increased intakes of dietary SFAs (p-trend = 0.005; aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.22 with a 7 g/day increase as a continuous variable) and total cholesterol (p-trend < 0.001; aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.22 with a 250 mg/day increase as a continuous variable) were monotonically associated with elevated odds of developing SC. Our results indicate that dietary SFAs, MUFAs, and total cholesterol are associated with stomach cancer, which might provide a potential dietary intervention for stomach cancer prevention
Efficacy and safety of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
High remission and low relapse with prolonged intensive DMARD therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (PRINT): A multicenter randomized clinical trial
Objectives: To determine whether prolonged intensive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment (PRINT) leads to high remission and low relapse rates in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Methods: In this multicenter, randomized and parallel treatment trial, 346 patients with active RA (disease activity score (28 joints) [DAS28] (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) > 5.1) were enrolled from 9 centers. In phase 1, patients received intensive treatment with methotrexate, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine, up to 36 weeks, until remission (DAS28 ≤ 2.6) or a low disease activity (2.6 < DAS28 ≤ 3.2) was achieved. In phase 2, patients achieving remission or low disease activity were followed up with randomization to 1 of 2 step-down protocols: leflunomide plus hydroxychloroquine combination or leflunomide monotherapy. The primary endpoints were good European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response (DAS28 (ESR) < 3.2 and a decrease of DAS28 by at least 1.2) during the intensive treatment and the disease state retention rate during step-down maintenance treatment. Predictors of a good EULAR response in the intensive treatment period and disease flare in the maintenance period were sought.
Results: A good EULAR response was achieved in 18.7%, 36.9%, and 54.1% of patients at 12, 24, and 36 weeks, respectively. By 36 weeks, 75.4% of patients achieved good and moderate EULAR responses. Compared with those achieving low disease activity and a high health assessment questionnaire (HAQ > 0.5), patients achieving remission (DAS28 ≤ 2.6) and low HAQ (≤ 0.5) had a significantly higher retention rate when tapering the DMARDs treatment (P = 0.046 and P = 0.01, respectively). There was no advantage on tapering to combination rather than monotherapy.
Conclusions: Remission was achieved in a proportion of patients with RA receiving prolonged intensive DMARD therapy. Low disease activity at the start of disease taper leads to less subsequent flares. Leflunomide is a good maintenance treatment as single treatment
Endovascular Treatment for Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome: a Comparison between the Presence and Absence of Secondary Thrombosis
Long-term correlations and multifractal nature in the intertrade durations of a liquid Chinese stock and its warrant
Intertrade duration of equities is an important financial measure
characterizing the trading activities, which is defined as the waiting time
between successive trades of an equity. Using the ultrahigh-frequency data of a
liquid Chinese stock and its associated warrant, we perform a comparative
investigation of the statistical properties of their intertrade duration time
series. The distributions of the two equities can be better described by the
shifted power-law form than the Weibull and their scaled distributions do not
collapse onto a single curve. Although the intertrade durations of the two
equities have very different magnitude, their intraday patterns exhibit very
similar shapes. Both detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and detrending moving
average analysis (DMA) show that the 1-min intertrade duration time series of
the two equities are strongly correlated. In addition, both multifractal
detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) and multifractal detrending moving
average analysis (MFDMA) unveil that the 1-min intertrade durations possess
multifractal nature. However, the difference between the two singularity
spectra of the two equities obtained from the MFDMA is much smaller than that
from the MFDFA.Comment: 10 latex pages, 4 figure
Risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a global meta-summary
BackgroundThe etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains largely unknown. This study aimed to summarize the relationship between ALS and its genetic and non-genetic risk factors.MethodA search of relevant literature from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database from inception to December 2022 was performed. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were performed by Stata MP 15.0 to pool multivariate or adjusted ratios (OR). PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022301549.Results230 eligible studies were included, of which 67 involved 22 non-genetic factors, and 163 involved genetic factors. Four aspects of non-genetic factors, including lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposures, pre-existing diseases/comorbidity and medical exposures, and others, were analyzed. Exposure to heavy metals (OR = 1.79), pesticides (OR = 1.46), solvents (OR = 1.37), previous head trauma (OR = 1.37), military service (OR = 1.29), stroke (OR = 1.26), magnetic field (OR = 1.22) and hypertension (OR = 1.04) are significant risk factors, but use of antidiabetics (OR = 0.52), high BMI (OR = 0.60 for obese and overweight vs. normal and underweight), living in urban (OR = 0.70), diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.83), and kidney disease (OR = 0.84) decrease the risk for ALS. In addition, eight common ALS-related genes were evaluated, the mutation frequencies of these genes were ranked from highest to lowest as SOD1 (2.2%), C9orf72 (2.1%), ATXN2 (1.7%), FUS (1.7%), TARDBP (0.8%), VCP (0.6%), UBQLN2(0.6%) and SQSTM1 (0.6%) in all the ALS patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that effective intervention for risk exposure and timely modification of lifestyle might prevent the occurrence of ALS. Genetic mutations are important risk factors for ALS and it is essential to detect genetic mutations correctly and scientifically.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=301549, identifier: CRD42022301549
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