A collaborative company commited to ethics and labor conditions

Estudia2 es un proyecto empresarial joven y colaborativo, con menos de cinco años de andadura, que ha nacido con la intención de ser una plataforma internacional de encuentro entre personas para compartir conocimientos, una plataforma de E-learning llevada a cabo con la conjunción de un diseño propio y el empleo de una serie de herramientas TIC de acceso libre. Una de las máximas más importantes con las que ha nacido esta empresa es el respeto absoluto por unos valores éticos basados en el cumplimiento de las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores, los derechos de autoría de los creadores de contenidos y la privacidad de los datos de los usuarios.Estudia2 is a young and collaborative business project, with less than five years operating, that was born with the goal of being an international platform for connecting people to share knowledge. An E-learning platform developed with the conjunction of an own design and the use of a mixture of free access ICT tools. One of the most important ideas which this project has been born in, is the absolute respect to several ethical values based on the fulfillment of the workers’ labor conditions, the intellectual property rights of the content creators and the privacy of the user data.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CSO2016-78386-

Estudio de las relaciones entre elementos minerales en el suelo y la planta

[ES] Estudio de las relaciones entre elementos minerales en el suelo y la plant

The use of topical corticosteroides in the treatment of oral lichen planus in Spain : a national survey

Explore the treatment of oral lichen planus with topical corticosteroids by the healthcare professionals in Spain. A questionnaire targeted health professionals who treat OLP, in particular maxillofacial surgeons, dermatologist and dentist. The dissemination of the questionnaires was conducted through professional associations and dental and medical societies. The questionnaire was previously evaluated by means of a cognitive pre-test procedure to ensure that the questions were opportune and appropriate, understandable and acceptable among the professionals. Of the 890 questionnaires sent a total of 190 questionnaires were answered by 90 dentists, 60 dermatol gists and 40 by maxillofacial surgeons. The most frequent treatment was 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in orobase 3 times a day. The effectiveness of the topical corticosteroid treatment was 6.68 (SD= 2.26) in a scale of 1 to 10. The 30% of the dentists and 10.49% of maxillofacial surgeons combined treatment with other drugs. The most frequent one (80%) was nystatin (100,000 IU per millimetre). Dermatologists did not use other treatments in combination with corticosteroids. There is a need for national guidelines in treatment for oral lichen planus (treatment criteria, drug, dose, treatment time and method of application of corticosteroid) that can be applied by all professionals who treat this disease

A pre-Rodinian ophiolite involved in the Variscan suture of Galicia (Cabo Ortegal Complex, NW Spain)

U–Pb dating of zircons from a metagabbro of the Purrido amphibolitic unit (Cabo Ortegal Complex, NW Iberian Massif) yielded an age of 1159 ± 39 Ma, interpreted to approximate the crystallization age of the gabbroic protolith. Considering the arc affinity of the metagabbroic rocks, the unit is interpreted as a pre-Rodinian ophiolite developed in a back-arc setting. It is suggested that the ophiolite was obducted over the West African terranes during the assembly of Rodinia. There, this terrane remained tectonically stable and facing an ocean for a long time, and eventually became part of the Gondwanan margin. The ophiolite was finally involved in the Variscan suture of Galicia where it is sandwiched between Palaeozoic rocks. The Purrido unit is so far the only example of a Mesoproterozoic ophiolite in the European Variscan belt, where pre-Neoproterozoic rocks are very scarce and restricted to small exposures

Brake discs: A technological review from its analysis and assessment

Braking systems are undoubtedly the most important component for road safety, since it determines the total or partial stop of a vehicle and, therefore, guarantees the physical integrity of passengers. Normally, the front brake discs and the remaining percentage absorb 70% of the kinetic energy produced within a vehicle by the rear brake discs, which tend to have the formof a drum brake. These systems benefit from friction to stop a moving vehicle, under the umbrella of hydraulic pressure that pushes the brake pads against the iron-cast disk. In this document, concepts of famous authors around the world on analysis and evaluation of brake discs are provided, which are carried out using a descriptive methodology and an estimation of the characteristics of the brake disc. The review is carried out in computer assisted design through several existing CAD software in the industry, as the main methodology applied to the development of certain research projects, where different geometric characteristics of the brake discs are considered, as well as problems related to wear and corrosion. This research project has shown that it is vital to incorporate existing computer assisted design software to predict performance, improve components and optimize the functionality of the brake system. In this way, road traffic safety and systems efficiency are achieved, which are a matter of great importance for the industry. It is vital to analyze brake systems through Finite Element Analysis (FEA), with the intention of achieving a broader vision of its performance, since the information collected reveals that the geometric characteristics of the brake and cooling ducts influence the heat dissipation. It depends on the form, the type of material and the application, the heat generated between the pad and the brake. Therefore, the heat is dissipated rapidly according to the analysis performed mathematically by the researchers, which are compared with the made in computer assisted design software.Braking systems are undoubtedly the most important component for road safety, since it determines the total or partial stop of a vehicle and, therefore, guarantees the physical integrity of passengers. Normally, the front brake discs and the remaining percentage absorb 70% of the kinetic energy produced within a vehicle by the rear brake discs, which tend to have the formof a drum brake. These systems benefit from friction to stop a moving vehicle, under the umbrella of hydraulic pressure that pushes the brake pads against the iron-cast disk. In this document, concepts of famous authors around the world on analysis and evaluation of brake discs are provided, which are carried out using a descriptive methodology and an estimation of the characteristics of the brake disc. The review is carried out in computer assisted design through several existing CAD software in the industry, as the main methodology applied to the development of certain research projects, where different geometric characteristics of the brake discs are considered, as well as problems related to wear and corrosion. This research project has shown that it is vital to incorporate existing computer assisted design software to predict performance, improve components and optimize the functionality of the brake system. In this way, road traffic safety and systems efficiency are achieved, which are a matter of great importance for the industry. It is vital to analyze brake systems through Finite Element Analysis (FEA), with the intention of achieving a broader vision of its performance, since the information collected reveals that the geometric characteristics of the brake and cooling ducts influence the heat dissipation. It depends on the form, the type of material and the application, the heat generated between the pad and the brake. Therefore, the heat is dissipated rapidly according to the analysis performed mathematically by the researchers, which are compared with the made in computer assisted design software

Supporting info item, In: "Using SHRIMP zircon dating to unravel tectonothermal events in arc environments. The early Palaeozoic arc of NW Iberia revisited"

Dating of zircon cores and rims from granulites developed in a shear zone provides insights into the complex relationship between magmatism and metamorphism in the deep roots of arc environments. The granulites belong to the uppermost allochthonous terrane of the NW Iberian Massif, which forms part of a Cambro-Ordovician magmatic arc developed in the peri-Gondwanan realm. The obtained zircon ages confirm that voluminous calc-alkaline magmatism peaked around 500 Ma and was shortly followed by granulite facies metamorphism accompanied by deformation at c. 480 Ma, giving a time framework for crustal heating, regional metamorphism, deformation and partial melting, the main processes that control the tectonothermal evolution of arc systems. Traces of this arc can be discontinuously followed in different massifs throughout the European Variscan Belt, and we propose that the uppermost allochthonous units of the NW Iberian Massif, together with the related terranes in Europe, constitute an independent and coherent terrane that drifted away from northern Gondwana prior to the Variscan collisional orogenesis

Caracterización hidroquímica del complejo de humedales El Yali, Chile Central

Within the wetlands of the semiarid region of Central Chile, The Yali wetlands complex is the most important because it is protected as a RAMSAR's wetland. However, information about their hydro-geomorphological characteristics is almost non existent. In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of 20 sampling sites, surveyed in July 2008 and which include coastal lagoons, estuaries, streams, saltmarshes, and reservoirs, were analyzed. The hydrochemical complexity stands out in relation to the water salinity (range = 320 − 58 800 μS/cm) and ionic composition of the studied wetlands in relation to the relative importance of the dominant water flow that sustains these wetlands. In relation to trophic state, most of the studied wetland systems are eutrophic or hypertrophic (medium values for total nitrogen = 4.7 mg/l; and soluble reactive phosphorus = 0.4 mg/l) due to the existing use of land (eucalyptus forests, cattle farms and wastewater inputs).Dentro de los humedales de la región semiárida Central de Chile, destaca el complejo denominado El Yali, por su condición de protección como Humedal RAMSAR, del que apenas existe información sobre sus características hidrogeomorfológicas. En este estudio se analiza la hidroquímica de 20 puntos de muestreo, realizados en julio de 2008, incluyendo lagunas, estuarios, esteros, salinas y embalses. Destaca su complejidad hidroquímica en relación con la salinidad (rango = 320 − 58 800 μS/cm) y el contenido iónico de los humedales estudiados en función de la importancia relativa del flujo de agua dominante. En cuanto al estado trófico, la mayoría de los sistemas estudiados son eutróficos o hipertróficos (valores medios de nitrógeno total =4.7 mg/l; y SRP (fósforo reactivo soluble) = 0.4 mg/l), como consecuencia del uso del territorio (plantaciones de eucaliptos, explotaciones ganaderas y vertidos orgánicos)

Active flow control for three-dimensional cylinders through deep reinforcement learning

This paper presents for the first time successful results of active flow control with multiple independently controlled zero-net-mass-flux synthetic jets. The jets are placed on a three-dimensional cylinder along its span with the aim of reducing the drag coefficient. The method is based on a deep-reinforcement-learning framework that couples a computational-fluid-dynamics solver with an agent using the proximal-policy-optimization algorithm. We implement a multi-agent reinforcement- learning framework which offers numerous advantages: it exploits local invariants, makes the control adaptable to different geometries, facilitates transfer learning and cross-application of agents and results in significant training speedup. In this contribution we report significant drag reduction after applying the DRL-based control in three different configurations of the problem.Ricardo Vinuesa acknowledges funding by the ERC through Grant No. “2021-CoG-101043998, DEEPCONTROL”.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version