Single-file diffusion on self-similar substrates

We study the single file diffusion problem on a one-dimensional lattice with a self-similar distribution of hopping rates. We find that the time dependence of the mean-square displacement of both a tagged particle and the center of mass of the system present anomalous power laws modulated by logarithmic periodic oscillations. The anomalous exponent of a tagged particle is one half of the exponent of the center of mass, and always smaller than 1/4. Using heuristic arguments, the exponents and the periods of oscillation are analytically obtained and confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Impact of edge shape on the functionalities of graphene-based single-molecule electronics devices

We present an ab-initio analysis of the impact of edge shape and graphene-molecule anchor coupling on the electronic and transport functionalities of graphene-based molecular electronics devices. We analyze how Fano-like resonances, spin filtering and negative differential resistance effects may or may not arise by modifying suitably the edge shapes and the terminating groups of simple organic molecules. We show that the spin filtering effect is a consequence of the magnetic behavior of zigzag-terminated edges, which is enhanced by furnishing these with a wedge shape. The negative differential resistance effect is originated by the presence of two degenerate electronic states localized at each of the atoms coupling the molecule to graphene which are strongly affected by a bias voltage. The effect could thus be tailored by a suitable choice of the molecule and contact atoms if edge shape could be controlled with atomic precision.Comment: 11 pages, 20 figure

CCS and NH_3 Emission Associated with Low-Mass Young Stellar Objects

In this work we present a sensitive and systematic single-dish survey of CCS emission (complemented with ammonia observations) at 1 cm, toward a sample of low- and intermediate-mass young star-forming regions known to harbor water maser emission, made with NASA's 70 m antenna at Robledo de Chavela, Spain. Out of the 40 star-forming regions surveyed in the CCS (2_(1)-1_(0)) line, only six low-mass sources show CCS emission: one transitional object between the prestellar and protostellar Class 0 phase (GF9-2), three Class 0 protostars (L1448-IRS3, L1448C, and B1-IRS), a Class I source (L1251A), and a young T Tauri star (NGC 2071 North). Since CCS is considered an "early-time" (≲10^5 yr) molecule, we explain these results by either proposing a revision of the classification of the age of NGC 2071 North and L1251A, or suggesting the possibility that the particular physical conditions and processes of each source affect the destruction/production of the CCS. No statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of CCS and parameters of the molecular outflows and their driving sources. Nevertheless, we found a significant relationship between the detectability of CCS and the ammonia peak intensity (higher in regions with CCS), but not with its integrated intensity. This tendency may suggest that the narrower ammonia line widths in the less turbulent medium associated with younger cores may compensate for the differences in ammonia peak intensity, rendering differences in integrated intensity negligible. From the CCS detection rate we derive a lifetime of this molecule of ≃(0.7-3) × 10^4 yr in low-mass star-forming regions

Diseño conceptual de una planta de producción de ácido peracético a partir de peróxido de hidrógeno y ácido acético

El desarrollo de procesos para obtener desinfectantes se ha convertido en un tema de investigación frecuente, con el fin de disminuir su impacto ambiental y asegurar la calidad de los procesos -- Este proyecto se basa en el análisis de alternativas, equipos y metodologías para diseñar conceptualmente un proceso que permita obtener ácido peracético, a partir de peróxido de hidrógeno y ácido acético, ya que es un compuesto que ha venido ganando terreno en el mercado mundial de desinfectantes por sus buenas propiedades y su biodegradabilidad -- En este proyecto se tienen en consideración diferentes variables, las cuales permiten determinar las mejores condiciones para la producción de ácido peracético a escala comercial -- Para encontrar la relevancia de variables como la temperatura, el tiempo de reacción, la relación molar de reactivos y el porcentaje de catalizador (ácido sulfúrico), se utiliza un diseño de experimentos factorial, midiendo el porcentaje de producto obtenido -- La conversión obtenida experimentalmente es de 63% al cabo de 120 minutos de reacción con 3% de catalizador -- Una vez determinadas las condiciones adecuadas, se procede a diseñar el proceso -- Inicialmente se definen tiempos de cada etapa y se realiza una simulación utilizando el software Aspen Batch Plus® con el fin de analizar el comportamiento teórico del proceso -- Luego de analizar los resultados se procede con la selección y el diseño de los equipos adecuados para obtener el ácido peracético al 15%, concentración utilizada comercialmente -- Finalmente se realiza una evaluación económica del proyecto para determinar la factibilidad de desarrollarlo en Colombia -- El resultado es una rentabilidad atractiva del proyecto de la manera como se diseñ

Probing deep photospheric layers of the quiet Sun with high magnetic sensitivity

Context. Investigations of the magnetism of the quiet Sun are hindered by extremely weak polarization signals in Fraunhofer spectral lines. Photon noise, straylight, and the systematically different sensitivity of the Zeeman effect to longitudinal and transversal magnetic fields result in controversial results in terms of the strength and angular distribution of the magnetic field vector. Aims. The information content of Stokes measurements close to the diffraction limit of the 1.5 m GREGOR telescope is analyzed. We took the effects of spatial straylight and photon noise into account. Methods. Highly sensitive full Stokes measurements of a quiet-Sun region at disk center in the deep photospheric Fe i lines in the 1.56 μm region were obtained with the infrared spectropolarimeter GRIS at the GREGOR telescope. Noise statistics and Stokes V asymmetries were analyzed and compared to a similar data set of the Hinode spectropolarimeter (SOT/SP). Simple diagnostics based directly on the shape and strength of the profiles were applied to the GRIS data. We made use of the magnetic line ratio technique, which was tested against realistic magneto-hydrodynamic simulations (MURaM). Results. About 80% of the GRIS spectra of a very quiet solar region show polarimetric signals above a 3σ level. Area and amplitude asymmetries agree well with small-scale surface dynamo-magneto hydrodynamic simulations. The magnetic line ratio analysis reveals ubiquitous magnetic regions in the ten to hundred Gauss range with some concentrations of kilo-Gauss fields. Conclusions. The GRIS spectropolarimetric data at a spatial resolution of ≈ 0.″ 4 are so far unique in the combination of high spatial resolution scans and high magnetic field sensitivity. Nevertheless, the unavoidable effect of spatial straylight and the resulting dilution of the weak Stokes profiles means that inversion techniques still bear a high risk of misinterpretating the data. © ESO, 2016.This work was partly supported by the BK21 plus program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea. This study is supported by the European Commissions FP7 Capacities Programme under the Grant Agreement number 312495. The GRIS instrument was developed thanks to the support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project AYA2010-18029 (Solar Magnetism and Astrophysical Spectropolarimetry).Peer Reviewe