EvLog: Evolving Log Analyzer for Anomalous Logs Identification

Software logs record system activities, aiding maintainers in identifying the underlying causes for failures and enabling prompt mitigation actions. However, maintainers need to inspect a large volume of daily logs to identify the anomalous logs that reveal failure details for further diagnosis. Thus, how to automatically distinguish these anomalous logs from normal logs becomes a critical problem. Existing approaches alleviate the burden on software maintainers, but they are built upon an improper yet critical assumption: logging statements in the software remain unchanged. While software keeps evolving, our empirical study finds that evolving software brings three challenges: log parsing errors, evolving log events, and unstable log sequences. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised approach named Evolving Log analyzer (EvLog) to mitigate these challenges. We first build a multi-level representation extractor to process logs without parsing to prevent errors from the parser. The multi-level representations preserve the essential semantics of logs while leaving out insignificant changes in evolving events. EvLog then implements an anomaly discriminator with an attention mechanism to identify the anomalous logs and avoid the issue brought by the unstable sequence. EvLog has shown effectiveness in two real-world system evolution log datasets with an average F1 score of 0.955 and 0.847 in the intra-version setting and inter-version setting, respectively, which outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches by a wide margin. To our best knowledge, this is the first study on tackling anomalous logs over software evolution. We believe our work sheds new light on the impact of software evolution with the corresponding solutions for the log analysis community

Intraperitoneal ropivacaine and early postoperative pain and postsurgical outcomes after laparoscoipc herniorrhaphy in toddlers: a randomized clinical trial

Background Postoperative pain can cause physiological distress, postoperative complications, and extended lengths of hospitalized stay. In children, management of postoperative pain is still recognized as being inadequate. Objective The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal ropivacaine on postoperative pain, and recovery of bowel function and emetic events after laparoscopic herniorrhaphy in toddlers. Methods Seventy-six children aged from 9 months to 3 years were recruited between August 2013 and June 2014 at Tongji Hospital and randomly assigned into two groups. One group received intraperitoneal ropivacaine right before surgery and the control group received intraperitoneal saline. A standard combined general anesthesia procedure was performed under regular monitoring. Postoperative pain was assessed by the FLACC scale. Postoperative analgesic consumption, time to flatus, time to first stool, and postoperative emetic events were also recorded. Results When compared with the control group, children who received intraperitoneal ropivacaine experienced less pain 0–4 h after surgery [P < 0.001, difference in median FLACC (95% CI) for 2 h time point is 2.00 (0.87–3.13), for 4 h time point is 1.00 (0.55–1.45)]. In addition, the number of toddlers who received analgesia 0–24 h after surgery in the ropivacaine group was lower than that in the control group [P < 0.001, difference in proportions (95% CI) is 0.575 (0.3865–0.7638)]. Compared with the control group, time to flatus in ropivacaine group was also much shorter [21.1 h vs 16.7 h, P = 0.04, difference in mean (95% CI) is 4.4 (1.49–7.28)], and the time to first stool after surgery was earlier in the ropivacaine group [30.7 h vs 25.6 h, P = 0.003, difference in mean (95% CI) is 5.1 (1.78–8.45)]. Furthermore, the incidence of emetic events in the ropivacaine group was significantly lower than the control group [32.4% vs 11.1%, P = 0.03, difference in proportions (95% CI) is 0.212 (0.0246–0.4002)]. Conclusion The present results indicate that intraperitoneal ropivacaine reduces early postoperative pain and improves recovery after laparoscopic herniorrhaphy in toddlers. Therefore, IPLA is a good stratagem for postoperative pain management after laparoscopic surgery in toddlers

Risk factors and early markers for echovirus type 11 associated haemorrhage-hepatitis syndrome in neonates, a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundEchovirus type 11(E-11) can cause fatal haemorrhage-hepatitis syndrome in neonates. This study aims to investigate clinical risk factors and early markers of E-11 associated neonatal haemorrhage-hepatitis syndrome.MethodsThis is a multicentre retrospective cohort study of 105 neonates with E-11 infection in China. Patients with haemorrhage-hepatitis syndrome (the severe group) were compared with those with mild disease. Clinical risk factors and early markers of haemorrhage-hepatitis syndrome were analysed. In addition, cytokine analysis were performed in selective patients to explore the immune responses.ResultsIn addition to prematurity, low birth weight, premature rupture of fetal membrane, total parenteral nutrition (PN) (OR, 28.7; 95% CI, 2.8–295.1) and partial PN (OR, 12.9; 95% CI, 2.2–77.5) prior to the onset of disease were identified as risk factors of developing haemorrhage-hepatitis syndrome. Progressive decrease in haemoglobin levels (per 10 g/L; OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.0) and platelet (PLT) &lt; 140 × 10⁹/L at early stage of illness (OR, 17.7; 95% CI, 1.4–221.5) were associated with the development of haemorrhage-hepatitis syndrome. Immunological workup revealed significantly increased interferon-inducible protein-10(IP-10) (P &lt; 0.0005) but decreased IFN-α (P &lt; 0.05) in peripheral blood in severe patients compared with the mild cases.ConclusionsPN may potentiate the development of E-11 associated haemorrhage-hepatitis syndrome. Early onset of thrombocytopenia and decreased haemoglobin could be helpful in early identification of neonates with the disease. The low level of IFN-α and elevated expression of IP-10 may promote the progression of haemorrhage-hepatitis syndrome

Multicast in Femtocell Networks: A Successive Interference Cancellation Approach

A femtocell is a small cellular base station (BS), typically used for serving approved users within a small coverage. In this paper, we investigate the problem of data multicast in femtocell networks that incorporates superposition coding (SC) and successive interference cancellation (SIC). The problem is to decide the transmission schedule for each BS, as well as the power allocation for the SC layers, to achieve a sufficiently large SNR for each layer to be decodable with SIC at each user. Minimizing the total BS power consumption achieves the goal of “green” communications. We formulate a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem, and then reformulate the problem into a simpler form. Upper and lower performance bounds on the total BS power consumption are derived. Finally, we consider three typical connection scenarios, and develop optimal and nearoptimal algorithms for the three scenarios. The proposed algorithms have low computational complexity, and outperform a heuristic scheme with considerable gains in our simulation study

Uncovering Hidden Factors in Electricity Consumption Based on Gaussian Mixture Estimation

Load characteristics play an essential role in the planning of power generation and distribution. Various undiscovered factors, which could be socioeconomic, geographic, or climatic, make it possible to describe the electricity demand by a multimodal distribution. This letter proposes a novel method based on multimodal distributions to characterize the hidden factors in electricity consumption. Consequently, a new approach is developed to evaluate the impact of the underlying factors of electricity consumption. Some quantifiable and predictable factors are analyzed in developing multimodal distribution to describe the expected demand. Simulations based on synthetic and real-world data have been conducted to demonstrate the usefulness and robustness of the proposed method

Introduction of Rural Ecological Environment and Circular Economy Development Mode of Eco-agriculture and Forestry

Major causes of ecological environment situation and rural environment issues in the construction of new socialist countryside in China are analyzed. Two necessities of introducing circular economy development mode of eco-agriculture and forestry into the construction of new socialist countryside are expatiated. One is the needs of the rural eco-environmental situation, and the other is to realize the fundamental change of agricultural growth mode. Specific characteristics, existing foundation and current resistance of the circular economy of eco-agriculture and forestry are studied. Major principles in introducing circular economy mode of eco-agriculture and forestry into the construction of new socialist countryside are presented. Support system for constructing the circular economy mode of eco-agriculture and forestry is discussed, including the improved government function and regulatory mechanism, marketing organization, farmers professional cooperative organization, leading enterprise, circular economic market system of eco-agriculture and forestry, and human resources. Taking Huaping County, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, China as an example, “919” circular economic model in this county and its development result are analyzed

Introduction of Rural Ecological Environment and Circular Economy Development Mode of Eco-agriculture and Forestry

Major causes of ecological environment situation and rural environment issues in the construction of new socialist countryside in China are analyzed. Two necessities of introducing circular economy development mode of eco-agriculture and forestry into the construction of new socialist countryside are expatiated. One is the needs of the rural eco-environmental situation, and the other is to realize the fundamental change of agricultural growth mode. Specific characteristics, existing foundation and current resistance of the circular economy of eco-agriculture and forestry are studied. Major principles in introducing circular economy mode of eco-agriculture and forestry into the construction of new socialist countryside are presented. Support system for constructing the circular economy mode of eco-agriculture and forestry is discussed, including the improved government function and regulatory mechanism, marketing organization, farmers professional cooperative organization, leading enterprise, circular economic market system of eco-agriculture and forestry, and human resources. Taking Huaping County, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, China as an example, “919†circular economic model in this county and its development result are analyzed.Ecological environment, Circular economy, Development, Introduction, China, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Editorial: Intelligent and Holistic Solutions for Next Generation Wireless Networks

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Promoting Halogen-Bonding Catalyzed Living Radical Polymerization through Ion-Pair Strain

Discovering efficient catalysts is highly desired in expanding the application of halogen-bonding catalysis. We herein report our findings on applying triaminocyclopropenium (TAC) iodides as highly potent catalysts for halogen-bonding catalyzed living radical polymerization. Promoted by the unique effect of ion-pair strain between the TAC cation and the iodide anion, the TAC iodides showed high catalytic efficiency in the halogen-bonding catalysis toward radical generation, and surpassed the previously reported organic iodide catalysts. With the TAC iodide as catalyst, radical polymerization with a living feature was successfully realized, which shows general applicability with a variety of monomers and produced block copolymers. In addition, the TAC-iodides also showed promising feasibility in catalyzing the radical depolymerization of iodo-terminated polymethacrylates. Noteworthily, the catalytic capacity of the TAC iodides is demonstrated to be closely related to the electronic properties of the TAC cation, which offers a molecular platform for further catalyst screening and optimization