Establishing and analysing the sphere of influence of Saints Oswald and Wulfstan of Worcester, c. 950 to c. 1400

Pilgrimage to shrine centres in medieval England was a significant event for the community to undertake, as well as an important source of income for the shrine itself. The level of interest that a shrine could generate was dependent upon a variety of factors, stemming from both the saint’s actions and the establishment of their political and familial networks when they were alive, and the efforts of the clergy administering the shrine and popularising the relics after their death. This study investigates the sphere of influence of a shrine, using a detailed analysis of the lives and cults of Saints Oswald and Wulfstan of Worcester as a case study. An analysis of the manuscripts written celebrating the saints’ lives has been combined with data detailing the foundations and church dedications with links to Worcester, locations of the saints’ relics, material culture related to them, and details of their documented miracles to build a picture of the geographical extent of their influence, and the longevity of their cults. Using this variety of both archaeological and historical sources, this interdisciplinary study builds a methodology which can subsequently be applied to other shrine centres to compare their influence on the medieval community

Dam Removal in New Jersey: Ecological Uplift, Public Safety, and Building Ecosystem Resilience in Advance of Climate Change

Dam removals are often the subject of controversy. We’ll explore dam removals from planning to (de)construction and see examples of ecosystem changes that follow. New Jersey has over 1700 dams, the average age of these dams is over 50 years. Many dams have a public use, they may provide a potable water supply or create economically important recreational lakes. However, many dams have outlived their intended use, have fallen into serious disrepair and negatively impact ecosystems

The story of an English saint's cult: an analysis of the influence of St Æthelthryth of Ely, c.670 - c.1540

This thesis charts the history of the cult of St Æthelthryth of Ely, arguing that its longevity and geographical extent were determined by the malleability of her character, as narrated within the hagiographical texts of her life, and the continued promotion of her shrine by parties interested in utilising her saintly power to achieve their goals. Arranged chronologically and divided into five distinct periods, the thesis demonstrates that this symbiotic relationship was key in maintaining and elongating the life of the cult. Employing digital humanities tools to analyse textual, archaeological, material, cartographic, and documentary sources covering the cult’s eight-hundred-year history, the study charts its development firstly within East Anglia, and subsequently across the whole country, and internationally. Several spheres of the saint’s influence are defined, revealing a number of potential short- and long-distance pilgrimage routes focussed on locations with links to Æthelthryth’s shrine. This study’s longitudinal approach also highlights a more general shift in the co-ordination of venerative practice away from the ecclesiastical centres and towards the parishes and the laity in the fifteenth century before summarising the overall impact of her cult, which was only curtailed by the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the sixteenth century

Elizabeth Gaskell and the short story

Elizabeth Gaskell was the author of over forty short stories. Despite the resurgence in Gaskell criticism over the past three decades, these stories have only recently begun to receive the attention they deserve. Following an account of how the Victorian short story has been re-evaluated by literary critics, this introductory survey illuminates Gaskell’s key contributions to the development of the genre. Our discussion is structured around several areas of critical investigation that have been at the forefront of Gaskell studies over the past few years. These include: the position of Victorian short fiction in relation to predominant accounts of the form’s development; Gaskell’s engagement with the periodical press and the Victorian literary marketplace; her response to the connection between short stories and the Christmas season; and her deployment of supernatural and sensational tropes. The image that emerges is that of a professional woman of letters who used shorter fiction as a space to experiment with new narrative methods, unusual characterisation, and contentious themes. Concluding with some reflections on the two-part review in All the Year Round, newly attributed to Gaskell in July 2015, we suggest how Gaskell’s engagement with the ‘ungodly spinnings’ of French ballad and narrative tradition might have helped shape her own practice as a master of the form

Pause Postures: The relationship between articulation and cognitive processes during pauses.

Studies examining articulatory characteristics of pauses have identified language-specific postures of the vocal tract in inter-utterance pauses and different articulatory patterns in grammatical and non-grammatical pauses. Pause postures-specific articulatory movements that occur during pauses at strong prosodic boundaries-have been identified for Greek and German. However, the cognitive function of these articulations has not been examined so far. We start addressing this question by investigating the effect of 1) utterance type and 2) planning on pause posture occurrence and properties in American English. We first examine whether pause postures exist in American English. In an electromagnetic articulometry study, seven participants produced sentences varying in linguistic structure (stress, boundary, sentence type). To determine the presence of pause postures, as well as to lay the groundwork for their future automatic annotation and detection, a Support Vector Machine Classifier was built to identify pause postures. Results show that pause postures exist for all speakers in this study but that the frequency of occurrence is speaker dependent. Across participants, we find that there is a stable relationship between the pause posture and other events (boundary tones and vowels) at prosodic boundaries, parallel to previous work in Greek. We find that the occurrence of pause postures is not systematically related to utterance type. Lastly, pause postures increase in frequency and duration as utterance length increases, suggesting that pause postures are at least partially related to speech planning processes

Josephine Butler's serial auto/biography: writing the changing self through the lives of others

Josephine Butler, controversial and pioneering feminist reformer of the late nineteenth-century, never wrote an autobiography, but she articulated self-understandings indirectly through writing deeply self-reflexive constructions of others’ lives. While this strategy has been recognised in isolated biographies, I show Butler’s auto/biography as a serial process, comparing John Grey of Dilston (1869) with Catharine of Siena (1878) to show how Butler’s conceptions of herself changed significantly in the early part of her career. She moves from modelling herself on the gender-transcendent liberal reformer, to modelling herself on the radical female prophet, whose sex was a vital qualification for spiritual and political power. Finding she could no longer position her feminist campaign within the broad cause of Victorian liberal reform, Butler turned from her paternal examplar to a medieval female saint-prophet, whose authority was located in her outsider status and in her intrinsically womanly nature. This comparative discussion, enlightened by reference to Butler’s unpublished letters, shows Butler’s change from positioning her public work within the reform tradition of liberalism to that of apocalyptic feminism. It also sheds a new light on Victorian women’s coded strategies of self-representation, and more generically into the use of sequential biographies as vehicles for articulating changing self-conceptions

Seeking sliding door moments: assessing patterns in the timing of youth suicides

This review was commissioned by the Stay Kind Foundation with the aim of examining patterns in the timings of youth suicides. The research draws on relevant literature from the past 10 years to establish key factors that influence youth suicide rates in contemporary society. The report further prioritises publications from Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and other culturally similar countries to ensure findings are relevant to the Australian context

PENCURIAN YANG DILAKUKAN ANTARA SUAMI DAN ISTERI MENURUT PASAL 367 AYAT (1) KUHP (KAJIAN PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 209 K/PID/2016)

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana pengaturan dakwaan pencurian terhadap peristiwa pencurian antara suami dan isteri menurut Pasal 367 ayat (1) KUHP dan bagaimana praktik pengadilan berkenaan dengan peristiwa pencurian antara suami dan isteri dalam Pasal 367 ayat (1) KUHP. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Pengaturan dakwaan pencurian terhadap peristiwa pencurian antara suami dan isteri menurut Pasal 367 ayat (1) KUHP yaitu tidak ada pencurian antara suami dan isteri sepanjang tidak bercerai, di mana hal ini merupakan suatu alasan penghapus penuntutan. 2. Praktik pengadilan berkenaan dengan peristiwa pencurian antara suami dan isteri dalam Pasal 367 ayat (1) KUHP, yaitu melalui putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 209 K/Pid/2016, telah diperluas sehingga juga tidak merupakan pencurian sekalipun perbuatan itu dilakukan setelah bercerai (bekas suami/isteri) tetapi di antara mereka belum melakukan pembagian harta bersama.Kata kunci: Pencurian, Suami dan Isteri

Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase

[no abstract available