Enhancing the validity of a long-term travel diary study with GNSS-data to evaluate the dose of mobility for daily commuting

eingereicht von Petra StutzLiteraturverzeichnis: Blatt 40-41Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, Masterarbeit, 2019(VLID)502873

Implementation Strategies for Gender-Sensitive Public Health Practice: A European Workshop

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Implementation Strategies for Gender-Sensitive Public Health Practice: A European Workshop

Oertelt-Prigione S, Dalibert L, Verdonk P, Zemp Stutz E, Klinge I. Implementation Strategies for Gender-Sensitive Public Health Practice: A European Workshop. Journal of Women's Health. 2017;26(11):1255-1261

Merging self-reported with technically sensed data for tracking mobility behavior in a naturalistic intervention study. Insights from the GISMO study

Sound exposure data are central for any intervention study. In the case of utilitarian mobility, where studies cannot be conducted in controlled environments, exposure data are commonly self-reported. For short-term intervention studies, wearable devices with location sensors are increasingly employed. We aimed to combine self-reported and technically sensed mobility data, in order to provide more accurate and reliable exposure data for GISMO, a long-term intervention study. Through spatio-temporal data matching procedures, we are able to determine the amount of mobility for all modes at the best possible accuracy level. Self-reported data deviate ±10% from the corrected reference. Derived modal split statistics prove high compliance to the respective recommendations for the control group (CG) and the two intervention groups (IG-PT, IG-C). About 73.7% of total mileage was travelled by car in CG. This share was 10.3% (IG-PT) and 9.7% (IG-C), respectively, in the intervention groups. Commuting distances were comparable in CG and IG, but annual mean travel times differ between  = 8,458 min (σ = 6,427 min) for IG-PT,  = 8,444 min (σ = 5,961 min) for IG-C, and  = 5,223 min (σ = 5,463 min) for CG. Seasonal variabilities of modal split statistics were observable. However, in IG-PT and IG-C no shift toward the car occurred during winter months. Although no perfect single-method solution for acquiring exposure data in mobility-related, naturalistic intervention studies exists, we achieved substantially improved results by combining two data sources, based on spatio-temporal matching procedures

Stress-induced alterations in coagulation: assessment of a new hemoconcentration correction technique

For the examination of psychological stress effects on coagulation, the Dill and Costill correction (DCC) for hemoconcentration effects has been used to adjust for stress-induced plasma volume changes. Although the correction is appropriate for adjusting concentrations of various large blood constituents, it may be inappropriate for time-dependent or functional coagulation assays. Two new plasma reconstitution techniques for correcting hemoconcentration effects on stress-induced changes in coagulation were compared with the DCC

Peptide-membrane interaction between targeting and lysis

Certain cationic peptides interact with biological membranes. These often-complex interactions can result in peptide targeting to the membrane, or in membrane permeation, rupture, and cell lysis. We investigated the relationship between the structural features of membrane-active peptides and these effects, to better understand these processes. To this end, we employed a computational method for morphing a membranolytic antimicrobial peptide into a mitochondrial targeting peptide by “directed simulated evolution”. The results obtained demonstrate that superficially subtle sequence modifications can strongly affect the peptides’ membranolytic and membrane-targeting abilities. Spectroscopic analyses suggest that N- and C-terminal structural flexibility plays a crucial role in determining the mode of peptide-membrane interaction

Target Profile Prediction and Practical Evaluation of a Biginelli-Type Dihydropyrimidine Compound Library

We present a self-organizing map (SOM) approach to predicting macromolecular targets for combinatorial compound libraries. The aim was to study the usefulness of the SOM in combination with a topological pharmacophore representation (CATS) for selecting biologically active compounds from a virtual combinatorial compound collection, taking the multi-component Biginelli dihydropyrimidine reaction as an example. We synthesized a candidate compound from this library, for which the SOM model suggested inhibitory activity against cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and other kinases. The prediction was confirmed in an in vitro panel assay comprising 48 human kinases. We conclude that the computational technique may be used for ligand-based in silico pharmacology studies, off-target prediction, and drug re-purposing, thereby complementing receptor-based approaches

Prothrombotic response to norepinephrine infusion, mimicking norepinephrine stress-reactivity effects, is partly mediated by α-adrenergic mechanisms

BACKGROUND: Stress-induced prothrombotic changes are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and critically involved in mental triggering of acute coronary syndromes, but the underlying psychobiology is not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that a norepinephrine (NE) infusion to mimic effects of stress-induced NE release on blood coagulation elicits prothrombotic changes and examined to what extent these would be mediated by an alpha-adrenergic mechanism.METHODS AND RESULTS: In a single-blind placebo-controlled within-subjects design, 24 middle-aged, non-smoking, non-obese and normotensive men participated in three experimental trials with an interval between one and two weeks. Each trial applied two sequential infusions of 1 and 15min duration with varying substances [i.e., saline as placebo, the non-specific alpha-blocker phentolamine (2.5mg/min), and NE (5mug/min)]: trial 1=saline+saline; trial 2=saline+NE, and trial 3=phentolamine+NE. Plasma levels of clotting factor VIII activity (FVIII:C), fibrinogen, and D-dimer were assessed from blood samples collected immediately before and 1min and 20min after infusion procedures. Compared to saline+saline, saline+NE induced increases over time in FVIII:C, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels. With phentolamine+NE, fibrinogen levels remained increased compared to saline+saline, but changes in FVIII:C and D-dimer levels were no more different. Coagulation changes did not differ between saline+NE and phentolamine+NE.CONCLUSIONS: NE infusion activates blood coagulation. The resulting prothrombotic state could be one psychobiological mechanism underlying mental triggering of acute coronary syndromes. Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors partly attenuated NE effects on coagulation and could be implied to have preventive potential in susceptible individuals.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved