1,258 research outputs found
Quantum Key Distribution over 67 km with a plug & play system
We present a fibre-optical quantum key distribution system. It works at
1550nm and is based on the plug & play setup. We tested the stability under
field conditions using aerial and terrestrial cables and performed a key
exchange over 67 km between Geneva and Lausanne.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to the New Journal of Physic
COMPARISON OF THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF SELF-REPORTED ARTICULAR INDICES
Our objective was to compare the validity and reliability of three formats for self-administered articular indices assessing pain (PAI) or swelling (SAI). Fifty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis were asked to mark the degree of pain on a list of 16 joints (PAI list), to mark ‘painful joints' on a mannequin presenting 42 joints (PAI diagram), and to mark ‘swollen or tender joints' on a mannequin presenting 38 joints (SAI diagram). The test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) ranged from 0.63 (SAI diagram) to 0.67 (PAI diagram) and 0.85 (PAI list). The correlation with clinical parameters was strongest for the PAI list and the SAI diagram. The association of the SAI diagram with clinical parameters increased with omission of the less reliable toe joints and/or weighting for joint size according to Lansbury. As expected, the short and weighted SAI diagram correlated more strongly with the physician-derived swollen joint count (r = 0.49), C-reactive protein (r = 0.49) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.41) than did the PAI list whereas the PAI list correlated more strongly with physician-derived tender joint count (r = 0.43), global pain measured on a numerical rating scale (r = 0.57) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (r = 0.49) than did the SAI diagram. We concluded that patients' rating of tender and swollen joints on a mannequin diagram and calculation of a 26-joint and weighted articular index produces an excellent estimate of total joint inflammation, which may be useful in clinical, health services and epidemiological research. An articular index calculated from ratings of pain degree of 16 joints or joint groups may provide complementary informatio
A methodology for producing reliable software, volume 2
For abstract, see Vol. 1
A methodology for producing reliable software, volume 1
An investigation into the areas having an impact on producing reliable software including automated verification tools, software modeling, testing techniques, structured programming, and management techniques is presented. This final report contains the results of this investigation, analysis of each technique, and the definition of a methodology for producing reliable software
A Theory of Higher-Order Subtyping with Type Intervals (Extended Version)
The calculus of Dependent Object Types (DOT) has enabled a more principled
and robust implementation of Scala, but its support for type-level computation
has proven insufficient. As a remedy, we propose , a rigorous
theoretical foundation for Scala's higher-kinded types. extends
with interval kinds, which afford a unified treatment of
important type- and kind-level abstraction mechanisms found in Scala, such as
bounded quantification, bounded operator abstractions, translucent type
definitions and first-class subtyping constraints. The result is a flexible and
general theory of higher-order subtyping. We prove type and kind safety of
, as well as weak normalization of types and undecidability of
subtyping. All our proofs are mechanized in Agda using a fully syntactic
approach based on hereditary substitution.Comment: 73 pages; to be presented at the 26th ACM SIGPLAN International
Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP 2021), 22-27 August 202
High rate, long-distance quantum key distribution over 250km of ultra low loss fibres
We present a fully automated quantum key distribution prototype running at
625 MHz clock rate. Taking advantage of ultra low loss fibres and low-noise
superconducting detectors, we can distribute 6,000 secret bits per second over
100 km and 15 bits per second over 250km
How to use the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a reference system for comparative evaluation and standardized reporting of rehabilitation interventions
Rehabilitation aims to optimize functioning of persons experiencing functioning limitations. As such the comparative evaluation of rehabilitation interventions relies on the analysis of the differences between the change in patient functioning after a specific rehabilitation intervention versus the change following another intervention. A robust health information reference system that can facilitate the comparative evaluation of changes in functioning in rehabilitation studies and the standardized reporting of rehabilitation interventions is the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The objective of this paper is to present recommendations that Cochrane Rehabilitation could adopt for using the ICF in rehabilitation studies by: 1) defining the functioning categories to be included in a rehabilitation study; 2) specifying selected functioning categories and selecting suitable data collection instruments; 3) examining aspects of functioning that have been documented in a study; 4) reporting functioning data collected with various data collection instruments; and 5) communicating results in an accessible, meaningful and easily understandable way. The authors provide examples of concrete studies that underscore these recommendations, whereby also em-phasizing the need for future research on the implementation of specific recommendations, e.g. in meta-analysis in systematic literature reviews. Furthermore, the paper outlines how the ICF can complement or be integrated in established Cochrane and rehabilitation research structures and methods, e.g. use of standard mean difference to compare cross-study data collected using different measures, in developing core outcome sets for rehabilitation, and the use of the PICO model. © 2019 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
Photon counting for quantum key distribution with Peltier cooled InGaAs/InP APD's
The performance of three types of InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes is
investigated for photon counting at 1550 nm in the temperature range of
thermoelectric cooling. The best one yields a dark count probability of per gate (2.4 ns) at a detection efficiency of 10% and a
temperature of -60C. The afterpulse probability and the timing jitter are also
studied. The results obtained are compared with those of other papers and
applied to the simulation of a quantum key distribution system. An error rate
of 10% would be obtained after 54 kilometers.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Journal of Modern Optic
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