History of the Tromsø ionosphere heating facility

We present the historical background of the construction of a major ionospheric heating facility, “Heating”, near Tromsø, Norway, in the 1970s by the Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy; we also detail the facility’s subsequent operational history to the present. Heating was built next to the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) incoherent scatter (IS) radar facility and in a region with a multitude of diagnostic instruments used to study the auroral region. The facility was transferred to EISCAT in January 1993 and continues to provide new discoveries in plasma physics and ionospheric and atmospheric science to this day. It is expected that Heating will continue operating along with the new generation of IS radar, called EISCAT_3D, when it is commissioned in the near future

Available seat counting in public rail transport

Surveillance cameras are found almost everywhere today, including vehicles for public transport. A lot of research has already been done on video analysis in open spaces. However, the conditions in a vehicle for public transport differ from these in open spaces, as described in detail in this paper. A use case described in this paper is on counting the available seats in a vehicle using surveillance cameras. We propose an algorithm based on Laplace edge detection, combined with background subtraction

Composition and Structure of the Inorganic Core of Relaxed Intermediate

Activation of the diferrous center of the β2 (R2) subunit of the class 1a Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductases by reaction with O2 followed by one-electron reduction yields a spin-coupled, paramagnetic Fe(III)/Fe(IV) intermediate, denoted X, whose identity has been sought by multiple investigators for over a quarter of a century. To determine the composition and structure of X, the present study has applied 57Fe, 14,15N, 17O, and 1H electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) measurements combined with quantitative measurements of 17O and 1H electron paramagnetic resonance line-broadening studies to wild-type X, which is very short-lived, and to X prepared with the Y122F mutant, which has a lifetime of many seconds. Previous studies have established that over several seconds the as-formed X(Y122F) relaxes to an equilibrium structure. The present study focuses on the relaxed structure. It establishes that the inorganic core of relaxed X has the composition [(OH–)FeIII–O–FeIV]: there is no second inorganic oxygenic bridge, neither oxo nor hydroxo. Geometric analysis of the 14N ENDOR data, together with recent extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements of the Fe–Fe distance (Dassama, L. M.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 16758), supports the view that X contains a “diamond-core” Fe(III)/Fe(IV) center, with the irons bridged by two ligands. One bridging ligand is the oxo bridge (OBr) derived from O2 gas. Given the absence of a second inorganic oxygenic bridge, the second bridging ligand must be protein derived, and is most plausibly assigned as a carboxyl oxygen from E238.United States. National Institutes of Health (GM 111097)United States. National Institutes of Health (GM 29595

Передаточные функции двигателя постоянного тока при двухканальном управлении

Приводятся передаточные функции двигателя постоянного тока параллельно возбуждения с учетом влияния вихревых токов и потоков рассеяния при управлении по цепи возбуждения, по цепи якоря и управления при совместном питании цепей возбуждения и якоря от общего источника, а также передаточные функции по возмущающему моменту нагрузки. Потоки рассеянной каждой обмотки учитываются индуктивностью Ls, а эквивалентный контур вихревых токов, приведенный к этой обмотке, учитывается сопротивлением rк