Intracellular-Localization and Processing of Pp60v-Src Proteins Expressed by 2 Distinct Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Rous-Sarcoma Virus

The transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus, pp60v-src, is known to be a tyrosine protein kinase, but the mechanism of cell transformation remains unclear. In further investigating pp60v-src structure and function, we have analyzed two temperature-sensitive (ts) Rous sarcoma virus src gene mutants, tsLA29 and tsLA32. The mutations in tsLA29 and tsLA32 map in the carboxy-terminal region and the amino-terminal half of pp60v-src, respectively, and encode mutant proteins with either temperature-labile (tsLA29) or -stable (tsLA32) kinase activities. Here we examined the intracellular processing and localization of these pp60v-src mutants and extended our characterization of transformation parameters expressed by cells infected by the Rous sarcoma virus variants. No obvious defects in functional integrity of the tsLA32 pp60v-src could yet be demonstrated, whereas the tsLA29 pp60v-src was perturbed not only in kinase activity, but also in aspects of protein processing and localization. Analysis of transformation parameters expressed by infected cells demonstrated the complete temperature lability of both mutants

Evidence of longer life; a cohort of 39 labrador retrievers.

A panel of veterinary and academic experts reviewed current available evidence on age at death for Labrador and reached a consensus that their average/typical lifespan was 12 years of age (Adams and others, 2016). A prospective cohort study that described the longevity of 39 pedigree adult neutered Labradors, showed that 89.7% lived to meet/exceed this typical lifespan. The study showed that maintenance of lean body mass and reduced accumulation of body fat were associated with attaining a longer than average lifespan whilst gender and age at neutering were not associated with longevity (Adams and others 2016)

Evidence of longer life; a cohort of 39 labrador retrievers.

A panel of veterinary and academic experts reviewed current available evidence on age at death for Labrador and reached a consensus that their average/typical lifespan was 12 years of age (Adams and others, 2016). A prospective cohort study that described the longevity of 39 pedigree adult neutered Labradors, showed that 89.7% lived to meet/exceed this typical lifespan. The study showed that maintenance of lean body mass and reduced accumulation of body fat were associated with attaining a longer than average lifespan whilst gender and age at neutering were not associated with longevity (Adams and others 2016)

The impact of high-intensity interval training exercise on breast cancer survivors: a pilot study to explore fitness, cardiac regulation and biomarkers of the stress systems

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the largest cause of death in breast cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of exercise intensity on aerobic fitness and autonomic cardiac regulation (heart rate variability (HRV)) and salivary biomarkers of the stress systems (HPA-axis, cortisol; sympathetic nervous system, α-amylase) and mucosal immunity (secretory(s)-IgA), markers of increased risk of CVD in breast cancer survivors. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to; 1) high intensity interval training (HIIT); 2) moderate-intensity, continuous aerobic training (CMIT); or 3) a wait-list control (CON) for a 12-week (36 session) stationary cycling intervention. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), resting HRV and salivary biomarkers were measured at baseline 2-4 d pre-intervention and 2-4 d post the last exercise session. Results Seventeen participants were included in this study (62 +- 8 years, HIIT; n = 6, CMIT; n = 5, CON; n = 6). A significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) was observed for VO2peak in the HIIT group; 19.3% (B = 3.98, 95%CI = [1.89; 4.02]) and a non-significant increase in the CMIT group; 5.6% (B = 1.96, 95%CI = [− 0.11; 4.03]), compared with a 2.6% (B = − 0.64, 95%CI = [− 2.10; 0.82]) decrease in the CON group. Post intervention improvements in HRV markers of vagal activity (log (ln)LF/HF, LnRMSSD) and sympathetic nervous system (α-amylase waking response) occurred for individuals exhibiting outlying (> 95% CI) levels at baseline compared to general population. Conclusion High intensity interval training improved cardiovascular fitness in breast cancer survivors and improved cardiac regulation, and sympathetic nervous system (stress) responses in some individuals. High-intensity interval training was safe and effective for breast cancer survivors to participate in with promising results as a time efficient intensity to improve physical health and stress, reducing CVD risk

Expression analysis of G Protein-coupled receptors in mouse macrophages

Background. Monocytes and macrophages express an extensive repertoire of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) that regulate inflammation and immunity. In this study we performed a systematic micro-array analysis of GPCR expression in primary mouse macrophages to identify family members that are either enriched in macrophages compared to a panel of other cell types, or are regulated by an inflammatory stimulus, the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results. Several members of the P2RY family had striking expression patterns in macrophages; P2ry6 mRNA was essentially expressed in a macrophage-specific fashion, whilst P2ry1 and P2ry5 mRNA levels were strongly down-regulated by LPS. Expression of several other GPCRs was either restricted to macrophages (e.g. Gpr84) or to both macrophages and neural tissues (e.g. P2ry12, Gpr85). The GPCR repertoire expressed by bone marrow-derived macrophages and thioglycollate- elicited peritoneal macrophages had some commonality, but there were also several GPCRs preferentially expressed by either cell population. Conclusion. The constitutive or regulated expression in macrophages of several GPCRs identified in this study has not previously been described. Future studies on such GPCRs and their agonists are likely to provide important insights into macrophage biology, as well as novel inflammatory pathways that could be future targets for drug discovery

A large-scale automated radio telemetry network for monitoring movements of terrestrial wildlife in Australia

Technologies for remotely observing animal movements have advanced rapidly in the past decade. In recent years, Australia has invested in an Integrated Marine Ocean Tracking (IMOS) system, a land ecosystem observatory (TERN), and an Australian Acoustic Observatory (A2O), but has not established movement tracking systems for individual terrestrial animals across land and along coastlines. Here, we make the case that the Motus Wildlife Tracking System, an open-source, rapidly expanding cooperative automated radio-tracking global network (Motus, https://motus.org) provides an unprecedented opportunity to build an affordable and proven infrastructure that will boost wildlife biology research and connect Australian researchers domestically and with international wildlife research. We briefly describe the system conceptually and technologically, then present the unique strengths of Motus, how Motus can complement and expand existing and emerging animal tracking systems, and how the Motus framework provides a much-needed central repository and impetus for archiving and sharing animal telemetry data. We propose ways to overcome the unique challenges posed by Australia’s ecological attributes and the size of its scientific community. Open source, inherently cooperative and flexible, Motus provides a unique opportunity to leverage individual research effort into a larger collaborative achievement, thereby expanding the scale and scope of individual projects, while maximising the outcomes of scant research and conservation funding

Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Tau by the Src Family Kinases Lck and Fyn

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tau protein is the principal component of the neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzheimer's disease, where it is hyperphosphorylated on serine and threonine residues, and recently phosphotyrosine has been demonstrated. The Src-family kinase Fyn has been linked circumstantially to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, and shown to phosphorylate Tyr18. Recently another Src-family kinase, Lck, has been identified as a genetic risk factor for this disease.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study we show that Lck is a tau kinase. <it>In vitro</it>, comparison of Lck and Fyn showed that while both kinases phosphorylated Tyr18 preferentially, Lck phosphorylated other tyrosines somewhat better than Fyn. In co-transfected COS-7 cells, mutating any one of the five tyrosines in tau to phenylalanine reduced the apparent level of tau tyrosine phosphorylation to 25-40% of that given by wild-type tau. Consistent with this, tau mutants with only one remaining tyrosine gave poor phosphorylation; however, Tyr18 was phosphorylated better than the others.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Fyn and Lck have subtle differences in their properties as tau kinases, and the phosphorylation of tau is one mechanism by which the genetic risk associated with Lck might be expressed pathogenically.</p

Analisis Sifat Patahan (Sealing-leaking) Berdasarkan Data Tekanan, Decline Curve, dan Connectivity Injection pada Lapangan Dima

Lapangan DIMA merupakan salah satu lapangan minyak di Cekungan Sumatera Selatan dan terletak di Provinsi Jambi. Lapangan ini merupakan lapangan tua, oleh karena itu untuk memaksimalkan produksinya saat ini tengah dilakukan proses penginjeksian atau biasa dikenal dengan EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery). Proses injeksi yang dilakukan berupa injeksi air atau waterflood. Untuk dapat melaksanakan proses EOR tersebut diperlukan perencanaan yang lengkap untuk pengembangan lapangan tersebut, hal ini dinamakan POFD (Plan of Further Development). Dalam POFD, pemilihan pattern injeksi menjadi dasar penting proses ini dan salah satu syaratnya ialah mengetahui potensi sifat patahan sealing (menahan aliran fluida) atau leaking (mengalirkan fluida) yang ada pada lapangan tersebut. Untuk melihat potensi sealing-leaking tersebut penulis menggunakan tiga metode yakni analisis data tekanan, analisis decline curve dan connectivity injection. Analisis data tekanan dilakukan dengan cara melihat perbandingan penurunan tekanan berdasarkan data sumur-sumur pada blok yang saling bersebelahan. Apabila penurunan tekanannya membentuk tren yang sama maka dapat diketahui potensi patahan yang memotong kedua blok tersebut bersifat leaking dan begitupun sebaliknya. Sedangkan, Analisis decline curve dilakukan dengan menggunakan software DSS (Dynamic Surveillance System) untuk membandingkan penurunan decline rate antar blok yang dipisahkan oleh patahan yang ingin diuji. Apabila nilai decline rate pada kedua blok memiliki perbedaan yang tidak terlalu signifikan maka dapat dikatakan bahwa patahan yang memisahkan kedua blok bersifat leaking dan begitupun juga dengan sebaliknya. Metode connectivity injection juga menggunakan software DSS dengan melihat hubungan atau konektivitas antara sumur injeksi dan sumur produksi yang berada diantara patahan yang diuji. Hal ini dilakukan dengan cara melihat adanya Perubahan pada data produksi karena pengaruh proses injeksi. Apabila terdapat konektivitas antara sumur injeksi dan sumur produksi, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa patahan tersebut bersifat leaking. Tetapi jika proses injeksi tidak berpengaruh terhadap data produksi, maka dapat dikatakan patahan tersebut bersifat sealing. Dari hasil analisis data tekanan, analisis decline curve, dan connectivity injection dapat dilihat serta dibandingkan bahwa jika hasil ketiga analisis ini saling mendukung maka dapat diperoleh kesimpulan mengenai sifat patahan yang diuji apakah bersifat sealing atau leaking. Data hasil analisis tersebut digunakan sebagai salah satu justifikasi dalam pembuatan pattern injeksi

Does low volume high-intensity interval training elicit superior benefits to continuous low to moderate-intensity training in cancer survivors?

AIM To determine the impact of low volume high-intensity interval training (LVHIIT) and continuous low to moderate- intensity exercise training (CLMIT) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and health outcomes in cancer survivors. METHODS Sedentary cancer survivors (n = 75, aged 51 ± 12 year) within 24 months of diagnosis, were randomised into three groups for 12 wk of LVHIIT (n = 25), CLMIT (n = 25) or control group (n = 25). The exercise intervention involved 36 sessions (three sessions per week). The LVHIIT group performed 7 × 30 s intervals (≥ 85% predicted maximal heart rate) with a 60 s rest between intervals, and the CLMIT group performed continuous aerobic training for 20 min (≤ 55% predicted maximal heart rate) on a stationary bike. Outcome variables were measured at baseline and at 12 weeks and analysed using a 3 × 2 (group × time) repeated measures ANCOVA to evaluate main and interaction effects. RESULTS Significant improvements (time) were observed for seven of the 22 variables (ES 0.35-0.97, P ≤ 0.05). There was an interaction effect (P < 0.01) after 12 wk in the LVHIIT group for six-minute walk test (P < 0.01; d = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.36, 1.56; large), sit to stand test (P < 0.01; d = -0.83; 95%CI: -1.40, -0.22; large ) and waist circumference reduction (P = 0.01; d = -0.48; 95%CI: -1.10, 0.10; medium). An interaction effect (P < 0.01) was also observed for quality of life in both the LVHIIT (d = 1.11; 95%CI: 0.50, 1.72; large) and CLMIT (d = 0.57; 95%CI: -0.00, 1.20; moderate) compared with the control group (d = -0.15; 95%CI: -0.95, 0.65; trivial). CONCLUSION Low-volume high-intensity training shows promise as an effective exercise prescription within the cancer population, showing greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body strength and waist circumference compared with traditional CLMIT and control groups. Both LVHIIT and CLMIT improved quality of life. A proposed benefit of LVHIIT is the short duration (3 min) of exercise required, which may entice more cancer survivors to participate in exercise, improving health outcomes and lowing the risk of CV

Introductory programming: a systematic literature review

As computing becomes a mainstream discipline embedded in the school curriculum and acts as an enabler for an increasing range of academic disciplines in higher education, the literature on introductory programming is growing. Although there have been several reviews that focus on specific aspects of introductory programming, there has been no broad overview of the literature exploring recent trends across the breadth of introductory programming. This paper is the report of an ITiCSE working group that conducted a systematic review in order to gain an overview of the introductory programming literature. Partitioning the literature into papers addressing the student, teaching, the curriculum, and assessment, we explore trends, highlight advances in knowledge over the past 15 years, and indicate possible directions for future research