3,326 research outputs found

    The solutions to an infinite family of matrix inequalities involving ZME-matrices

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    AbstractSolutions for a certain infinite system of matrix inequalities are determined. In these inequalities, the coefficient matrices are ZME-matrices, which were introduced by Friedland, Hershkowitz, and Schneider. The solutions are shown to have a simple form under certain restrictions on the magnitudes of the minimal eigenvalues of the coefficient matrices. Finally, solutions to the system of inequalities are used to study the structure of reducible ZM-matrices

    Fibroblasts derived from long-lived insulin receptor substrate 1 null mice are not resistant to multiple forms of stress

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    Reduced signalling through the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling (IIS) pathway is a highly conserved lifespan determinant in model organisms. The precise mechanism underlying the effects of the IIS on lifespan and health is currently unclear, although cellular stress resistance may be important. We have previously demonstrated that mice globally lacking insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1−/−) are long-lived and enjoy a greater period of their life free from age-related pathology compared with wild-type (WT) controls. In this study, we show that primary dermal fibroblasts and primary myoblasts derived from Irs1−/− mice are no more resistant to a range of oxidant and nonoxidant chemical stressors than cells derived from WT mice

    Toroidal black holes and topological censorship

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    Recent theorems regarding topological censorship are in apparent conflict with simulations of the collapse of rotating matter to form toroidal black holes. The geometry of a temporarily toroidal event horizon is analyzed and shown to be completely consistent with the theorems. A simple flat space model provides insight into the geometry of a toroidal black hole

    Noncirculant Toeplitz matrices all of whose powers are Toeplitz

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    summary:Let aa, bb and cc be fixed complex numbers. Let Mn(a,b,c)M_n(a,b,c) be the n×nn\times n Toeplitz matrix all of whose entries above the diagonal are aa, all of whose entries below the diagonal are bb, and all of whose entries on the diagonal are cc. For 1≤k≤n1\leq k\leq n, each k×kk\times k principal minor of Mn(a,b,c)M_n(a,b,c) has the same value. We find explicit and recursive formulae for the principal minors and the characteristic polynomial of Mn(a,b,c)M_n(a,b,c). We also show that all complex polynomials in Mn(a,b,c)M_n(a,b,c) are Toeplitz matrices. In particular, the inverse of Mn(a,b,c)M_n(a,b,c) is a Toeplitz matrix when it exists

    The minimum upper bound on the first ambiguous power of an irreducible, nonpowerful ray or sign pattern

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    AbstractLet A be an n×n irreducible ray or sign pattern matrix. If A is a sign pattern, it is shown that either A is powerful or else Ak has an ambiguous entry for some k⩽n2-2n+2, and further, sign patterns based on the Wielandt graph show that this bound is the best possible. If A is a ray pattern, partial results for the same bound are given

    Fiber-derived butyrate and the prevention of colon cancer

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    AbstractInhibition of the enzyme histone deacetylase by butyrate results in the direct transcriptional upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21/Cip1/WAF1. We discuss a small-molecule-mediated signaling pathway to explain the suspected anti-colon-cancer properties of fiber-derived butyrate

    Computational Study of an Axisymmetric Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for a Supersonic Aircraft Application

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    A computational investigation of an axisymmetric Dual Throat Nozzle concept has been conducted. This fluidic thrust-vectoring nozzle was designed with a recessed cavity to enhance the throat shifting technique for improved thrust vectoring. The structured-grid, unsteady Reynolds- Averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver PAB3D was used to guide the nozzle design and analyze performance. Nozzle design variables included extent of circumferential injection, cavity divergence angle, cavity length, and cavity convergence angle. Internal nozzle performance (wind-off conditions) and thrust vector angles were computed for several configurations over a range of nozzle pressure ratios from 1.89 to 10, with the fluidic injection flow rate equal to zero and up to 4 percent of the primary flow rate. The effect of a variable expansion ratio on nozzle performance over a range of freestream Mach numbers up to 2 was investigated. Results indicated that a 60 circumferential injection was a good compromise between large thrust vector angles and efficient internal nozzle performance. A cavity divergence angle greater than 10 was detrimental to thrust vector angle. Shortening the cavity length improved internal nozzle performance with a small penalty to thrust vector angle. Contrary to expectations, a variable expansion ratio did not improve thrust efficiency at the flight conditions investigated

    Experimental Study of an Axisymmetric Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for Supersonic Aircraft Application

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    An axisymmetric version of the Dual Throat Nozzle concept with a variable expansion ratio has been studied to determine the impacts on thrust vectoring and nozzle performance. The nozzle design, applicable to a supersonic aircraft, was guided using the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code, PAB3D. The axisymmetric Dual Throat Nozzle concept was tested statically in the Jet Exit Test Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center. The nozzle geometric design variables included circumferential span of injection, cavity length, cavity convergence angle, and nozzle expansion ratio for conditions corresponding to take-off and landing, mid climb and cruise. Internal nozzle performance and thrust vectoring performance was determined for nozzle pressure ratios up to 10 with secondary injection rates up to 10 percent of the primary flow rate. The 60 degree span of injection generally performed better than the 90 degree span of injection using an equivalent injection area and number of holes, in agreement with computational results. For injection rates less than 7 percent, thrust vector angle for the 60 degree span of injection was 1.5 to 2 degrees higher than the 90 degree span of injection. Decreasing cavity length improved thrust ratio and discharge coefficient, but decreased thrust vector angle and thrust vectoring efficiency. Increasing cavity convergence angle from 20 to 30 degrees increased thrust vector angle by 1 degree over the range of injection rates tested, but adversely affected system thrust ratio and discharge coefficient. The dual throat nozzle concept generated the best thrust vectoring performance with an expansion ratio of 1.0 (a cavity in between two equal minimum areas). The variable expansion ratio geometry did not provide the expected improvements in discharge coefficient and system thrust ratio throughout the flight envelope of typical a supersonic aircraft. At mid-climb and cruise conditions, the variable geometry design compromised thrust vector angle achieved, but some thrust vector control would be available, potentially for aircraft trim. The fixed area, expansion ratio of 1.0, Dual Throat Nozzle provided the best overall compromise for thrust vectoring and nozzle internal performance over the range of NPR tested compared to the variable geometry Dual Throat Nozzle

    Annular pancreas: endoscopic and pancreatographic findings from a tertiary referral ERCP center

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    Background and Aims Annular pancreas is a congenital anomaly whereby pancreatic tissue encircles the duodenum. Current knowledge of endoscopic findings of annular pancreas is limited to small case series. The aim of this study was to describe the endoscopic and pancreatographic findings of patients with annular pancreas at a large tertiary care ERCP center. Methods This is a retrospective observational study. Our Institutional Review Board–approved, prospectively collected ERCP database was queried for cases of annular pancreas. The electronic medical records were searched for patient and procedure-related data. Results From January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2016, 46 patients with annular pancreas underwent ERCP at our institution. Index ERCP was technically successful in 42 patients (91.3%), and technical success was achieved in all 46 patients (100%) after 2 attempts, when required. A duodenal narrowing or ring was found in most patients (n = 39, 84.8%), yet only 2 (4.3%) had retained gastric contents. Pancreas divisum was found in 21 patients (45.7%), 18 of which were complete divisum. Pancreatobiliary neoplasia was the indication for ERCP in 7 patients (15.2%). Pancreatographic findings consistent with chronic pancreatitis were noted in 15 patients (32.6%) at the index ERCP. Conclusion This is the largest series describing the endoscopic and pancreatographic findings of patients with annular pancreas. We found that 45.7% of patients had concurrent pancreas divisum. Endoscopic therapy was successful in most patients at our institution after 1 ERCP, and in all patients after a second ERCP. Nearly one-third of patients had findings consistent with chronic pancreatitis at the time of index ERCP. It is unclear whether this may be a feature of the natural history of annular pancreas
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