The Effect of Foliar Potassium and Seaweed Products in Combination with a Leonardite Fertigation Product on Flame Seedless Grape Quality

Berry colour and size are important factors determining Flame Seedless quality. Supplementary to standardcultivation, foliar application of potassium (K) and seaweed or soil application of vegetable extracts affectgrape quality. The purpose of this trial was to determine if combined product application (CPA) of K,seaweed and leonardite (organic material of vegetable origin) can improve Flame Seedless grape colour,berry size and composition. This study was conducted on Flame Seedless in the Berg River Valley in twoseasons. In 2011/2012, leonardite was applied through fertigation six, four and three weeks before harvest,while K and seaweed were applied as foliar sprays four and three weeks before harvest. In 2012/2013,all products were applied eight and six weeks before harvest. Treatments included (1) control (ethephon/ethephon and abscisic acid – ABA); (2) CPA with ethephon/ethephon and ABA (CPA-plus); and (3) CPAwithout ethephon/ethephon and ABA (CPA-minus). All vines received standard gibberellic acid treatments.Berry quality was determined. In 2011/2012, CPA-minus reduced anthocyanin concentration significantlycompared to the control. CPA-plus increased berry diameter significantly compared to the control on thefirst harvest date in 2012/2013. Compared to the control, CPA-plus significantly increased total solublesolids (TSS) on all harvest dates in 2011/2012, and on the first harvest date of 2012/2013. Compared tothe control, CPA-plus did not improve colour, but it retarded total titratable acidity breakdown in bothseasons. Ethephon/ethephon and ABA must be applied for acceptable colour. The consistent effect on TSSshows the ability of CPA-plus to enhance Flame Seedless ripening

A note on dual giant gravitons in AdS4×CP3AdS_{4}\times \mathbb{CP}^{3}

We study some of the properties of dual giant gravitons - D2-branes wrapped on an $S^{2}\subset AdS_{4}$ - in type IIA string theory on $AdS_{4}\times \mathbb{CP}^{3}$. In particular we confirm that the spectrum of small fluctuations about the giant is both real and independent of the size of the graviton. We also extend previously developed techniques for attaching open strings to giants to this D2-brane giant and focus on two particular limits of the resulting string sigma model: In the pp-wave limit we quantize the string and compute the spectrum of bosonic excitations while in the semiclassical limit, we read off the fast string Polyakov action and comment on the comparison to the Landau-Lifshitz action for the dual open spin chain.Comment: v3 significantly changed: added coupling to RR 1-form and turned on worldvolume gauge field, computed gauge field fluctuation, added comments on closure of the sl(2) sector and re-written to improve clarity. This version published in JHE

Research Note: Effect of CPPU (N-(2-Chloro-4-Pyridinyl)-N’- Phenylurea) and a Seaweed Extract on Flame Seedless, Redglobe and Crimson Seedless Grape Quality

The application of GA3 (gibberellic acid), in combination with CPPU (N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N’-phenylurea), may result in larger berries, but also decreases total soluble solids (TSS), increases totaltitratable acidity (TTA) and reduces grape skin colour. The purpose of this study was to determine a CPPUdosage that would improve berry size, without negative effects on other quality attributes of Flame Seedless,Redglobe and Crimson Seedless. The trials, which were conducted in the 2008/2009 season, comprised fivetreatments: control (standard GA3 application), seaweed extract plus GA3, and three dosages of CPPU incombination with GA3. CPPU dosages were 1, 2 and 3 ppm for Flame Seedless; 3, 4 and 5 ppm for Redglobe;and 2, 3 and 4 ppm for Crimson Seedless. The seaweed product used on Flame Seedless and Redglobewas derived from Ascophyllum nodosum, while a derivative of Ecklonia maxima was used on CrimsonSeedless. Berry diameter, TSS, TTA, anthocyanin concentration, grape colour as well as cold storagedefects were determined. CPPU dosages of 2, 5 and 3 ppm significantly increased berry diameter in FlameSeedless, Redglobe and Crimson Seedless respectively. Five ppm CPPU increased Redglobe TSS. Threeppm CPPU increased TTA and decreased anthocyanin concentration in Crimson Seedless. The seaweedextract treatment resulted in firmer Flame Seedless berries with a higher anthocyanin concentration thanthe control. Seaweed extract also improved the firmness of Crimson Seedless compared to the control.Four ppm CPPU increased the percentage of Crimson Seedless total cold storage defects compared to thecontrol

Die profiel van die adolessente seun as mentee aan die Weskus

Adolescent boys long to be mentored by an adult male. This influence of the mentor in the life of the adolescent brings forth great changes and consequently the adolescent experiences a higher quality of life. This mentee is not necessarily mentored by his biological father. The adolescent boy as mentee has certain needs within the mentoring relationship, which the mentor has to understand and interpret correctly. If the mentor understands the mentee better within his generation, the relationship may be strengthened. This article focuses on the profile of the adolescent boy as mentee on the West Coast and indeed from the viewpoint of the adolescent

REFLECTING ON INDUSTRY AND STUDENT EXPECTATIONS FOR WORKING IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY

Published ArticleThe tourism and hospitality industry faces major challenges of which a shortage of professional industry-related skills is probably the most pronounced. Added challenges include recruiting and retaining staff within an industry that is intensely service-driven and customer-oriented. Staff should be suitably qualified and able to cope with the challenges of being service workers. It is thus vital that students who study or intend to study Tourism and/or Hospitality Management should be adequately informed about industry’s expectations and challenges, as well as the demanding work environment they can expect once they are employed in the industry. It is also imperative that industry stakeholders clearly articulate what is expected from graduates once they are employed. As there is often a mismatch between what the students and industry expect from each other, the aim of this paper is to address the expectations of both industry stakeholders and students. The study was conducted in the Bloemfontein area of South Africa and respondents included the Tourism Management and Hospitality Management students of the Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT), and selected industry stakeholders. The findings underline the importance of management/technical and people skills in an extremely demanding and labour-intensive industry

Unconventional superconductivity in the cage type compound Sc5_5Rh6_6Sn18_{18}

We have examined the superconducting ground state properties of the caged type compound Sc$_5$Rh$_6$Sn$_{18}$ using magnetization, heat capacity, and muon-spin relaxation or rotation ($\mu$SR) measurements. Magnetization measurements indicate type-II superconductivity with an upper critical field $\mu_0H_{c2}(0)$ = 7.24 T. The zero-field cooled and field cooled susceptibility measurements unveil an onset of diamagnetic signal below $T_{\bf c}$ = 4.4 K. The interpretation of the heat capacity results below $T_{\bf c}$ using the $\alpha-$BCS model unveils the value of $\alpha$ = 2.65, which gives the dimensionless ratio 2$\Delta(0)/k_B T_{\bf c}$ = 5.3, intimating that Sc$_5$Rh$_6$Sn$_{18}$ is a strong-coupling BCS superconductor. The zero-field $\mu$SR measurements in the longitudinal geometry exhibit a signature of a spontaneous appearance of the internal magnetic field below the superconducting transition temperature, indicating that the superconducting state is characterized by the broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS). We have compared the results of broken TRS in Sc$_5$Rh$_6$Sn$_{18}$ with that observed in R$_5$Rh$_6$Sn$_{18}$ (R = Lu and Y).Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1411.687

Partial Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon in a Collegiate Football Player

CASE HISTORY: The patient is a 20-year-old collegiate football player who presented to the athletic training staff with pain in his left arm near his elbow. He states that he was attempting to make a tackle and that his arm was pushed into hyperextension by another player. He reported discomfort, pain, and numbness in his arm. He attempted to continue to play after completing arm flexion and extension in between plays. His pain levels increased as his range of motion activity continued. The patient could no longer continue during practice and was taken to the medical tent for further evaluation PHYSICAL EXAM: He had point tenderness around the distal end of his biceps brachii muscle and had limited range of motion. The patient presented with a deformity the cubital region of his left arm when compared bilaterally. The patient was referred to the team physician for further evaluation and diagnostic imaging. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES: Strained biceps muscle, strained brachioradialis muscle, strained triceps muscle, ruptured biceps tendon. TESTS & RESULTS: The patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which revealed a partial rupture of the biceps tendon. FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Partial rupture of the distal biceps tendon. DISCUSSION: Ruptures of the distal biceps tendon are commonly seen in men over the age of 40, usually the result of overuse. The mechanism of injury in this case was an eccentric load placed on the arm as the arm moved from flexion into extension. The patient is young, collegiate football player, and the injury is not commonly seen in collegiate level athletes. OUTCOME OF THE CASE: After consulting with the patient’s family and the sports medicine staff, it was decided that surgery was the best option for the patient. He underwent a successful surgery to repair his partially ruptured tendon. The operating physician utilized a dual incision technique to reattach the ruptured tendon. The patient was placed in an immobilizing brace for two weeks, and then began his rehabilitation. RETURN TO ACTIVITY AND FURTHER FOLLOW-UP: The rehabilitation plan currently consists of active, passive, and resisted range of motion. He is able to lift a dumbbell for arm flexion and extension, and he is working on grip strength and forearm supination as well. He continues to work with the athletic training staff, and will follow up with the team physician if necessary

Crystal field states of Kondo lattice heavy fermions CeRuSn3 and CeRhSn3

Inelastic neutron scattering experiments have been carried out to determine the crystal field states of the Kondo lattice heavy fermions CeRuSn3 and CeRhSn3. Both the compounds crystallize in LaRuSn3-type cubic structure (space group Pm-3n) in which the Ce atoms occupy two distinct crystallographic sites with cubic (m-3) and tetragonal (-4m.2) point symmetries. The INS data of CeRuSn3 reveal the presence of a broad excitation centered around 6-8 meV which is accounted by a model based on crystal electric field (CEF) excitations. On the other hand, the INS data of isostructural CeRhSn3 reveal three CEF excitations around 7.0, 12.2 and 37.2 meV. The neutron intensity sum rule indicates that the Ce ions at both cubic and tetragonal Ce sites are in Ce3+ state in both CeRuSn3 and CeRhSn3. The CEF level schemes for both the compounds are deduced. We estimate the Kondo temperature T_K = 3.1(2) K for CeRuSn3 from neutron quasielastic linewidth in excellent agreement with that determined from the scaling of magnetoresistance which gives T_K = 3.2(1) K. For CeRhSn3 the neutron quasielastic linewidth gives T_K = 4.6 K. For both CeRuSn3 and CeRhSn3, the ground state of Ce3+ turns out to be a quartet for the cubic site and a doublet for the tetragonal site.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, to appear in Phys. Rev.

In vitro propagation of some Cyrtanthus species

Shoots and roots were initiated on bulb explants of Cyrtanthus brachyscyphus, C. elatus, C. falcatus, C. guthrieae, and C. mackenii var. mackenii. C. breviflorus produced small amounts of wound callus only. The species differed in their response to the different levels of plant growth regulators used. In general shoot formation was most favourable with high concentrations BA (2 mgl−1) and lower concentrations NAA (1 mgl−1). Best root formation was obtained with low BA and NAA (0–0.5 mgl−1) concentrations. Cyrtanthus brachyscyphus was the most prolific shoot producer, with a 3-fold increase at every sub-culture. C. elatus, C. guthrieae, and C. mackenii var. mackenïi were less vigorous and on average showed a 1.5-fold increase at every sub-culture. C. falcatus produced a low number of shoots from the explants and this did not increase with subsequent sub-cultures. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in vermiculite in a mist house (100% survival)