From Framework to Layers Driven by Pressure – The Monophyllo‐Oxonitridophosphate β‐MgSrP3N5O2and Comparison to its α‐Polymorph

Oxonitridophosphates exhibit the potential for broad structural diversity, making them promising host-compounds in phosphor-converted light-emitting diode applications. The novel monophyllo-oxonitridophosphate β-MgSrP3N5O2 was obtained by using the high-pressure multianvil technique. The crystal structure was solved and refined based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. β-MgSrP3N5O2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmme (no. 67, a=8.8109(6), b=12.8096(6), c=4.9065(3) Å, Z=4) and has a structure related to that of Ba2CuSi2O7. DFT calculations were performed to investigate the phase transition from α- to β-MgSrP3N5O2 and to confirm the latter as the corresponding high-pressure polymorph. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of Eu2+ doped samples of both polymorphs were investigated and discussed, showing blue and cyan emission, respectively (α-MgSrP3N5O2; λmax=438 nm, fwhm=46 nm/2396 cm−1; β-MgSrP3N5O2; λmax=502 nm, fwhm=42 nm/1670 cm−1)

A Generic Data Model for Describing Flexibility in Power Markets

In this article, we present a new descriptive model for industrial flexibility with respect to power consumption. The advancing digitization in the energy sector opens up new possibilities for utilizing and automatizing the marketing of flexibility potentials and therefore facilitates a more advanced energy management. This requires a standardized description and modeling of power-related flexibility. The data model in this work has been developed in close collaboration with several partners from different industries in the context of a major German research project. A suitable set of key figures allows for also describing complex production processes that exhibit interdependencies and storage-like properties. The data model can be applied to other areas as well, e.g., power plants, plug-in electric vehicles, or power-related flexibility of households

A Methodology for the Classification and Characterisation of Industrial Demand-Side Integration Measures

In the context of the ongoing climate change and increasingly strict climate goals of the European Green Deal, industry faces a growing challenge to decrease its high demand for electrical energy and its greenhouse gas emissions. Demand-Side Integration measures have a great potential to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of the industrial sector. However, there is still no definition and consistent characterising terms for Industrial Demand-Side Integration. The lack of clarity in concepts and definitions may impose hurdles in the transfer of results and methodologies from research activities and thus, in the implementation of measures in the industry. Furthermore, the economic value of implementing these measures is often unclear but of high relevance to industrial consumers. This paper proposes a comprehensive Industrial Demand-Side Integration definition and a methodology to classify and characterise its measures. The methodology is aimed at helping industrial consumers decide which measures can be implemented in their specific setting and how these measures can be monetised. The methodology is validated by applying it to eight relevant use cases in the ETA Research Factory

IT-based Architecture for Power Market Oriented Optimization at Multiple Levels in Production Processes

Given the increasingly volatile prices on the power markets, it becomes economically more and more important for companies to develop and realize flexible strategies for energy consumption. A steady adaption of production processes which considers current power prices can take place on several levels of the automation pyramid, where each level has its own characteristics and requirements. In this paper, we present an optimization architecture based on an IT-platform which meets the challenges of complex multilayered production processes. We introduce layer-specific optimization strategies as well as an associated information flow, which facilitates creating holistic and well-coordinated optimizations

Identification of a DMBT1 polymorphism associated with increased breast cancer risk and decreased promoter activity

According to present estimations, the unfavorable combination of alleles with low penetrance but high prevalence in the population might account for the major part of hereditary breast cancer risk. Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 (DMBT1) has been proposed as a tumor suppressor for breast cancer and other cancer types. Genomewide mapping in mice further identified Dmbt1 as a potential modulator of breast cancer risk. Here, we report the association of two frequent and linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with increased breast cancer risk in women above the age of 60 years: DMBT1 c.-93C>T, rs2981745, located in the DMBT1 promoter; and DMBT1 c.124A>C, p.Thr42Pro, rs11523871(odds ratio [OR]=1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.21-2.29, P=0.0017; and OR=1.66; 95% CI=1.21-2.28, P=0.0016, respectively), based on 1,195 BRCA1/2 mutation-negative German breast cancer families and 1,466 unrelated German controls. Promoter studies in breast cancer cells demonstrate that the risk-increasing DMBT1 -93T allele displays significantly decreased promoter activity compared to the DMBT1 -93C allele, resulting in a loss of promoter activity. The data suggest that DMBT1 polymorphisms in the 5'-region are associated with increased breast cancer risk. In accordance with previous results, these data link decreased DMBT1 levels to breast cancer risk

Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans

Farming and sedentism first appeared in southwestern Asia during the early Holocene and later spread to neighboring regions, including Europe, along multiple dispersal routes. Conspicuous uncertainties remain about the relative roles of migration, cultural diffusion, and admixture with local foragers in the early Neolithization of Europe. Here we present paleogenomic data for five Neolithic individuals from northern Greece and northwestern Turkey spanning the time and region of the earliest spread of farming into Europe. We use a novel approach to recalibrate raw reads and call genotypes from ancient DNA and observe striking genetic similarity both among Aegean early farmers and with those from across Europe. Our study demonstrates a direct genetic link between Mediterranean and Central European early farmers and those of Greece and Anatolia, extending the European Neolithic migratory chain all the way back to southwestern Asia

Einsatz inhärenter Energiespeicher in Produktionssystemen zum elektrischen Lastmanagement

Vor dem Hintergrund des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien und der damit verbundenen notwendigen Umstrukturierung des Stromsystems steigt aktuell der Bedarf an nachfrageseitiger Flexibilität. Der industrielle Sektor steht hier im Fokus, da er für einen Großteil des Strombedarfs verantwortlich ist. In den letzten Jahren wurden deshalb verschiedene Flexibilitätsmaßnahmen identifiziert, die auf verschiedenen Ebenen von Produktionssystemen umgesetzt werden können. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird der Fokus auf die Nutzung inhärenter Energiespeicher (IES) und insbesondere auf die Teilmenge der hysteresegeregelten Anlagen gelegt. Zunächst wird eine Methode zur Identifizierung und Bewertung des Flexibilitätspotenzials dieser Anlagen entwickelt, die auf verschiedene Nutzenergieformen in Produktionssystemen übertragbar ist. Eine wesentliche Herausforderung ist hierbei zu gewährleisten, dass das abrufbare Flexibilitätspotenzial der jeweiligen Anlage mit den üblichen Kennzahlen für Flexibilitätsprodukte beschreibbar ist. Neben der Methode zur Potenzialerfassung werden verschiedene Strategien zur Befähigung von einzelnen Anlagen und Anlagenpools untersucht und eine generische Funktionsbibliothek abgeleitet. Diese Funktionsbibliothek kann zur Simulation des Verhaltens von Anlagenpools sowie zur Befähigung realer Anlagen zu einem energieflexiblen Betrieb genutzt werden. Die entwickelten Lösungen dieser Arbeit sind auf eine Vielzahl an Anlagen übertragbar und können dazu dienen, den Kosten-, Energie- und Ressourcenaufwand für die Errichtung elektrischer Energiespeicher im Stromsystem zu reduzieren