610 research outputs found

    Magnetic studies of GaN nanoceramics

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    The synthesis, morphology and magnetization measurements of GaN nanoceramics obtained under high pressure are reported. In particular the effect of grain size on magnetic properties of GaN nanopowders and nanoceramics was investigated. It was found that for the GaN nanoceramic characterized by the stronger deformation of nanocrystalline grains the diamagnetic signal changes with external magnetic field similarly to the Meissner effect in superconductors.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, accepted Appl.Phys.Let

    Finite Element Simulation of Heat Transfer in Ferrofluid

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    Finite Element Modelling of Sound Transmission Loss in Reflective Pipe

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    Optimization of the Effective Thermal Conductivity of a Composite

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    Linkage of the current ALS-resistance status with field history information of multiple fields infested with blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) in southern Germany

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    The repetitive use of herbicides as major tool to control troublesome weeds in agriculture caused an increase in resistant weeds lately, especially when Integrated Weed Management principles were ingnored. In a case study approach we sampled blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) in three distinctive locations for at least 3 years. Based on field infestation level, greenhouse biotests and laboratory analyses we grouped 23 fields as resitant (R), 28 fields as less sensitive (I) and 39 fields as sensitive (S) with regard to their ALS resistance status. Field history information was collected for 90 fields. Variables regarding the frequency of 1) summer crops, 2) winter cerals, 3) ploughing, 4) herbicide use, and 5) early versus late seeding were calculated. Fields with a higher frequency of summer crops, ploughing and later sowing dates in the crop rotation were less frequently grouped into R and I. No relationship was found between the number of modes of action used and the resistance status. Intensity of ALS-inhibitor use of grass herbicides played a role to distinguish resistant from sensitive fields. Our results suggest that cultural measures to bring the blackgrass population size to lower levels are more important than the selection by the herbicide.Zusammenhang des ALS-Resistenzstatus bei Ackerfuchsschwanz (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) mit den durchgeführten Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen auf mehreren Feldern in SüddeutschlandDer übermäßige Einsatz von Herbiziden als einzige Maßnahme zur Reduzierung von Problemunkräutern hat in den letzten jahren zu einer Zunahme resistenter Unkrautpopulationen geführt. Im Rahmen einer Fallstudie wurde daher Ackerfuchsschwanzsamen (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) an 3 Standorten über einen Zeitraum von mindetstens 3 Jahren beprobt. Basierend auf einer Befallseinschätzung im Feld, Gewächshaustests und Laboranalysen wurden 23 Felder als resistent (R), 28 Felder als vermindert sensitiv (I) und 39 Felder als sensitive Felder (S) gegenüber ALS-Inhibitoren klassifiziert. In Interviews mit den Landwirten konnten die Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen für diese 90 Felder erfragt werden. Aus diesen wurden Variablen, die den Anteil an 1) der Sommerungen in der Fruchtfolge, 2) des Wintergetreides in der Fruchtfolge, 3) den Pflugeinsatz, 4) den Herbizideinsatz sowie 5) die Saatzeitpunktewahl repräsentieren, generiert. Mit einer Zunahme an Sommerungen in der Fruchtfolge, einem erhöhten Pflugeinsatz sowie der häufigeren Wahl später Saatterminewar eine geringere Häufigkeit an resistenten Feldern zu beobachten. Dagegen wurde kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl der eingesetzten Wirkstoffklassen und dem Resistenzstatus gefunden. Signifikante Unterschiede beim Einsatz von ALS-Inhibitoren waren nur zwischen S und R erkennbar. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ackerbauliche Maßnahmen eine stärkere Wirkung auf die Resistenzentwicklung haben, als die Häufigkeit and Art des Herbizid-Einsatzes

    The analysis of RCAS1 and DFF-45 expression in nasal polyps with respect to immune cells infiltration

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    BACKGROUND: Nasal polyp constitutes a benign growth process in the nasal and sinus mucosa. RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells) is a protein expressed mainly by various human cancer cells. It is not only the marker of cancer process and its expression can also be observed in physiological processes. It is responsible for the regulation of immune cells activity. DFF45 (DNA fragmenting factor) has been described as a substrate for caspase-3. DFF45 seems to play an important role in the onset of apoptotic process by acting probably through the regulation of DNA fragmentation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of nasal polyps to regulate the cytotoxic immune response and to determine their resistance to apoptosis. RESULTS: The higher RCAS1 level was identified in lymphocytic nasal polyps, the medium one in eosinophilic while the lowest was identified in neutrophilic. DFF-45 expression was higher in eosinophilic than in neutrophilic and lymphocytic nasal polyps. CONCLUSION: The changes in DFF-45 level in nasal polyps might indicate a different resistance to apoptosis mediated by immune cells. The alterations in RCAS1 expression indicate that nasal polyps have the ability to regulate the cytotoxic immune response. The breaking of resistance to immune mediated apoptosis in nasal polyps might have a new therapeutic impact
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