Die Entwicklung der Beschulungssituation von Menschen mit Behinderung in Österreich seit 1950

Diese Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung der Beschulungsmöglichkeiten für Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung in Österreich seit 1950. Dem ist ein Rückblick auf die historische Entwicklung der Beschäftigung mit Menschen mit Behinderung vorangestellt. Bezüglich des Themas wird das Hauptaugenmerk auf die Bundesländer Salzburg und Wien gelegt und damit ein Stadt-Land-Vergleich ermöglicht. Der Untersuchung liegen Aufzeichnungen über die Allgemeinbildenden Pflichtschulen der Statistik Austria zugrunde, die alljährlich erhoben wurden. Mit Hilfe der Daten über die Anzahl von Sonderschulen, Sonderschulklassen und Sonderschülerinnen und -schüler wird erhoben, welche unterschiedlichen Entwicklungen in ländlichen und städtischen Bereichen seit 1950 vollzogen wurden. Dazu dienen weiters auch Zahlen zu den Pflichtschülerinnen und -schülern in Österreich allgemein, sowie die Anzahl von Lehrkräften im Sonderschulbereich und, ab Mitte der 1990er Jahre, Zahlen zur Integration im Schulsystem.This diploma thesis is about the development of the options for people with intellectual disability attending the school in Austria since 1950. It also includes a review of the historical development of the treatment of people with disabilities. As for the topic the main attention lies on Salzburg and Vienna to enable a comparison of country and city areas. The study uses data about the compulsory education which the Statistik Austria raises every year. With the help of these data about the numbers of special schools, classes in special schools and pupils in special schools, differences in the development in country and city areas since 1950 will be identified. In addition data about pupils and teachers in Austria and data regarding to integration since the mid of the 1990s help to survey the differences in this development

Horst Bredekamp, Théorie de l'acte d'image

Durant ces dernières décennies, l’historien de l’art allemand Horst Bredekamp a inlassablement abordé la question de l’image à la croisée des disciplines et à travers plusieurs siècles, en s’interrogeant sur des thèmes aussi divers que les cabinets de curiosité, le rôle des diagrammes dans la théorie darwinienne, le foot florentin à l’époque de la Renaissance, ou encore les stratégies visuelles utilisées dans les ouvrages de Thomas Hobbes et de Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Avec La Théorie de l’..

Risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain in visceral surgery: a matched case-control analysis.

PURPOSE Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after abdominal visceral surgery is an underestimated long-term complication with relevant impact on health-related quality of life and socioeconomic costs. Early identification of affected patients is important. We aim to identify the incidence and risk factors for CPSP in this patient population. METHODS Retrospective case-control matched analysis including all patients diagnosed with CPSP after visceral surgery in our institution between 2016 and 2019. One-to-two case-control matching was based on operation category (HPB, upper-GI, colorectal, transplantation, bariatric, hernia and others) and date of surgery. Potential risk factors for CPSP were identified using conditional multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Among a cohort of 3730 patients, 176 (4.7%) were diagnosed with CPSP during the study period and matched to a sample of 352 control patients. Independent risk factors for CPSP were age under 55 years (OR 2.64, CI 1.51-4.61), preexisting chronic pain of any origin (OR 3.42, CI 1.75-6.67), previous abdominal surgery (OR 1.99, CI 1.11-3.57), acute postoperative pain (OR 1.29, CI 1.16-1.44), postoperative use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR 3.73, OR 1.61-8.65), opioid use on discharge (OR 3.78, CI 2.10-6.80) and length of stay over 3 days (OR 2.60, CI 1.22-5.53). Preoperative Pregabalin intake was protective (OR 0.02, CI 0.002-0.21). CONCLUSION The incidence of CPSP is high and associated with specific risk factors, some of them modifiable. Special attention should be given to sufficient treatment of preexisting chronic pain and acute postoperative pain

Acceptance, Satisfaction, and Preference With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021-2022: Survey Among Patients With Chronic Pain.

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many health care providers to make changes in their treatment, with telemedicine being expanded on a large scale. An earlier study investigated the acceptance of telephone calls but did not record satisfaction with treatment or patients' preferences. This warranted a follow-up study to investigate acceptance, satisfaction, and preferences regarding telemedicine, comprising of phone consultations, among health care recipients. OBJECTIVE The primary aim was to assess the acceptance and satisfaction of telemedicine during the subsequent months of 2021-2022, after the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. Furthermore, we aimed to assess patients' preferences and whether these differed in patients who had already experienced telemedicine in the past, as well as correlations between acceptance and satisfaction, pain intensity, general condition, perception of telemedicine, and catastrophizing. Finally, we aimed to investigate whether more governmental restrictions were correlated with higher acceptance. METHODS An anonymous cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between January 27, 2021, and February 4, 2022, enrolling patients undergoing outpatient pain therapy in a tertiary university clinic. We conducted a descriptive analysis of acceptance and satisfaction with telemedicine and investigated patients' preferences. Further, we conducted a descriptive and correlational analysis of the COVID-19 stringency index. Spearman correlation analysis and a chi-square test for categorical data were used with Cramer V statistic to assess effect sizes. RESULTS Our survey was completed by 60 patients. Telemedicine acceptance and satisfaction were high, with an average score of 7.6 (SD 3.3; on an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale from 0=not at all to 10=completely), and 8.8 (SD 1.8), respectively. Respondents generally preferred on-site consultations to telemedicine (n=35, 58% vs n=24, 40%). A subgroup analysis revealed that respondents who already had received phone consultation, showed a higher preference for telemedicine (n/N=21/42, 50% vs n/N=3/18, 17%; χ22 [N=60]=7.5, P=.02, Cramer V=0.354), as well as those who had been treated for more than 3 months (n/N=17/31, 55% vs n/N=7/29, 24%; χ22 [N=60]=6.5, P=.04, Cramer V=0.329). Acceptance of telemedicine showed a moderate positive correlation with satisfaction (rs{58}=0.41, P<.05), but there were no correlations between the COVID-19 stringency index and the other variables. CONCLUSIONS Despite high acceptance of and satisfaction with telemedicine, patients preferred on-site consultations. Preference for telemedicine was markedly higher in patients who had already received phone consultations or had been treated for longer than 3 months. This highlights the need to convey knowledge of eHealth services to patients and the value of building meaningful relationships with patients at the beginning of treatment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the modality of patient care should be discussed individually

Guilt is effectively induced by a written auto-biographical essay but not reduced by experimental pain.

Introduction The aim of the present study was (1) to validate the method of guilt-induction by means of a written auto-biographical essay and (2) to test whether experimental pain is apt to alleviate the mental burden of guilt, a concept receiving support from both empirical research and clinical observation. Methods Three independent groups of healthy male participants were recruited. Group allocation was not randomized but within group pain/sham administration was counterbalanced over the two test-days. Groups were tested in the following consecutive order: Group A: guilt induction, heat-pain/sham, N = 59; Group B: guilt induction, cold-pressure-pain/sham, N = 43; Group C: emotionally neutral induction, heat-pain/sham, N = 39. Guilt was induced on both test-days in group A and B before pain/sham administration. Visual analog scale (VAS) guilt ratings immediately after pain/sham stimulation served as the primary outcome. In a control group C the identical heat-pain experiment was performed like in group A but a neutral emotional state was induced. Results A consistently strong overall effect of guilt-induction (heat-pain: p < 0.001, effect size r = 0.71; CPT-pain p < 0.001, r = 0.67) was found when compared to the control-condition (p = 0.25, r = 0.08). As expected, heat- and cold-pressure-stimuli were highly painful in all groups (p < 0.0001, r = 0.89). However, previous research supporting the hypothesis that pain is apt to reduce guilt was not replicated. Conclusion Although guilt-induction was highly effective on both test-days no impact of pain on behavioral guilt-ratings in healthy individuals could be identified. Guilt induction per se did not depend on the order of testing. The result questions previous experimental work on the impact of pain on moral emotions

A Stage Presence. Michael Kirby's Embedded Sculptures

Well-known for his writing on happening, performance, and theatre, Michael Kirby also produced, in the mid-1960s, a series of highly notable photo-sculptures. Developed in conjunction with the theoretical concept of “situational aesthetics,” these “embedded sculptures” where conceived of as “visual instruments” in order to explore the relationship of space, time, context, and beholder. Sharing with the avant-garde movements of the 1960s the rejection of Modernism, they draw their originality from their theoretical and historical position at the crossroad of Conceptual art, Minimalism, Performance art, and experimental theatre

Die Wirklichkeit aus den Angeln heben. Bildarchiv und Scheindokument im Werk Eric Baudelaires

Seit 2004 geht Eric Baudelaire in seinem fotografischen und filmischen Werk der Frage nach, wie sich aus historischen Dokumenten neue Narrative entwickeln lassen, die aus einer faktischen Vergangenheit in eine hypothetische Zukunft weisen. So basiert sein Film The Makes (2008) auf einem Fotokonvolut zum japanischen Kino, anhand dessen der französische Filmkritiker Philippe Azoury Michelangelo Antonionis angebliche japanische Periode rekonstruiert bzw. zusammenfabuliert. Das Bildarchiv wird damit zum Ausgangspunkt einer Reise ins Reich potentieller Abenteuer, die, um es mit Antonioni auszudrücken, die „Wirklichkeit unseres Lebens koordinieren (oder aus den Angeln heben).

La porosité du livre. Some Cities de Victor Burgin comme lieu d’échange et de compénétration psycho-topologique

L'article se propose de montrer comment Burgin s'inspire de l'image de la porosité de la ville, telle qu'elle a été évoquée par Benjamin et Lacis dans leur essai sur Naples, pour concevoir le livre comme une "membrane qui est le lieu d'échange et de compénétration par excellence" (Jean-Louis Déotte sur le Naples de Benjamin et Lacis). Journal de voyage autant poétique que critique, Some Cities propose un récit associatif et fragmentaire traversé d'images et de textes hétérogènes mettant en relation différents genres textuels (travelogue, journal intime, autobiographie, essai critique), médiums (photographie, cinéma, texte) et contextes topologiques et géographiques. Porosité de la ville, porosité du livre et porosité de la mémoire sont finalement les trois concepts cruciaux qui font du livre une psycho-topologie concernée avec "la production d’une identité en relation avec des lieux, l’histoire de ces lieux, la mémoire personnelle et d’autres personnes" (Victor Burgin)

Dialogue ou indifférence? L'art contemporain à travers les vitraux d'églises

Quelques artistes contemporains internationalement reconnus (Markus Lüpertz, Sigmar Polke, Gerhard Richter, Robert Morris) ont réalisé occasionnellement des vitraux pour des églises. D’une façon où d’une autre, tous peuvent être associé au discours du Postmodernisme dans le sens où ils dépassent, voire défient, l’esthétique du Modernisme en interrogeant les concepts d’autonomie, d’originalité et de spécificité de l’œuvre d’art. Si l’art dit « postmoderne » se retourne vers le passé et s’intéresse aux contextes sociaux et spatiaux dans lesquels il est situé, qu’en est-il alors des vitraux d’église réalisés par des artistes postmodernes ? Quelle place ces vitraux ont-ils dans l’œuvre des artistes et comment ceux-ci réagissent-ils par rapport à ce contexte spatial et spirituel très particulier ? Le but est de mieux cerner le dialogue et/ou la tension existant entre d’une part, un art sensible au contexte dans lequel il s’inscrit mais profondément profane et, d’autre part, le lieu sacré de l’église qui l’accueille

Un état de second degré : le document photographique à l’épreuve de l’art contemporain

"Le but de cet essai est de mettre en relation deux pratiques récurrentes dans l’art photographique contemporain : d’une part, l’emploi de la photographie documentaire ou bien du document photographique comme matériau de base et, d’autre part, ce que j’appelle “La photographie au second degré” en paraphrasant le sous-titre de l’ouvrage bien connu de Gérard Genette, Palimpsestes. La littérature au second degré.