Teaching Christianity in the face of adversity : African American religious leaders in the late antebellum South

Religious leaders were key figures within African American society in the late antebellum South. They undertook a vital religious function within both the plantation slave community and the institutionalised biracial and independent black church and many became a focal point for African American Christianity amongst slaves and free blacks. These religious leaders also took on a number of secular responsibilities, becoming counsellors, mediators, and advisors, individuals that blacks would frequently seek out for their opinion, advice and solace. African American religious leaders held a position considered to be vital and prestigious. But such a position was also perilous. Black religious leaders had to reconcile the conflicting demands of two groups whose needs were almost diametrically opposed. Slaves and free blacks wanted to hear a message of hope, but the Southern elite wanted to hear a message of obedience to ensure that their authority remained unchallenged. Appeasing both groups was an almost impossible task. Failing to meet their demands, however, could be disastrous for black religious leaders. Slaves and free blacks who heard a message of obedience to the Southern white elite rejected the authority of the black preacher, who was then often unable to continue his ministrations. Conversely, those who were considered to be teaching a message that was undermining the planter's authority faced reprisals from white society. These reprisals could be violent. In order to survive, black religious leaders had to chart a difficult course between the two groups, giving a sense of hope to the enslaved but in a manner that did not appear to undermine white authority. Within historical scholarship, it has been argued that African American religious leaders shared a common role. By the late antebellum period, however, a divide had emerged amongst black religious leaders. Although they continued to share many of the same goals, responsibilities, and challenges, the form of Christianity practiced by black preachers on the plantation was not the same as that practiced by licensed black ministers in the biracial and independent black church. Christianity within the plantation slave community continued to include African traditions and rituals that had survived the transatlantic crossing. Christianity within the biracial and independent black church, however, had begun to reject these African traditions as backward and outdated, and had moved instead towards a form of religion that, whilst still emotional and uplifting, was also more formal and hierarchical, resembling the Christianity of white Southern evangelicals.Black preachers and licensed black ministers were preaching Christianity in the face of adversity and had the potential to become political leaders within the African American community. The realisation of this potential was hindered, not only by the constant supervision of these religious leaders by the white elite but also through the refusal of black preachers and ministers to use Christianity to justify acts of resistance. This research adds new insight to the role of African American religious leaders through a detailed understanding of their different approaches in delivering the Christian message.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

An Investigation into Tetrodotoxin (TTX) Levels Associated with the Red Dorsal Spots in Eastern Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) Efts and Adults

We investigated the concentration of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in sections of skin containing and lacking red dorsal spots in both Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) efts and adults. Several other species, such as Pleurodeles waltl and Echinotriton andersoni, have granular glands concentrated in brightly pigmented regions on the dorsum, and thus we hypothesized that the red dorsal spots of Eastern newts may also possess higher levels of TTX than the surrounding skin. We found no difference between the concentrations of TTX in the red spots as compared to neighboring skin lacking these spots in either efts or adults. However, efts with more red dorsal spots had elevated TTX levels relative to efts with fewer spots

Breakdown of Interference Rules in Azulene, a Non-Alternant Hydrocarbon

We have designed and synthesized five azulene derivatives containing gold- binding groups at different points of connectivity within the azulene core to probe the effects of quantum interference through single-molecule conductance measurements. We compare conducting paths through the 5-membered ring, 7-membered ring, and across the long axis of azulene. We find that changing the points of connectivity in the azulene impacts the optical properties (as determined from UV-Vis absorption spectra) and the conductivity. Importantly, we show here that simple models cannot be used to predict quantum interference characteristics of non-alternant hydrocarbons. As an exemplary case, we show that azulene derivatives that are predicted to exhibit destructive interference based on widely accepted atom-counting models show a significant conductance at low biases. Although simple models to predict the low-bias conductance do not hold with all azulene derivatives, we show that the measured conductance trend for all molecules studied actually agrees with predictions based on the more complete GW calculations for model systems.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Student Recital (December 6, 2013)

Concert Étude, Op. 49 / Alexander Goedicke James Sheehan, trumpet Andante / Marco Bordogni Kevin Torres, trombone Sonata No. 9 in D Major, K. 311 / Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Allegro Jiaying Zhu, piano Etude 17 / Fernando Sor Tim Prosser, guitar Sonata, Op. 61 / Joaquín Turina Andante Brian Strange, guitar El Decameron negro / Leo Brouwer La Fuite des Amants par la Vallée Echos Mark Gavin, guitar Sonata No. 3 for Lute in C Major, BWV 1005 / Johann Sebastian Bach Adagio Ian Timpany, guitar Estudio en Sol Menor / Agustin Barrios Mangoré Christopher Bosch, guitar Capricho Arabe / Francisco Tarrega Dylan Mowry, guitarhttps://vc.bridgew.edu/student_concerts/1050/thumbnail.jp

Student Recital (May 1, 2014)

El Nino from Suite Venezolana / Antonio Lauro Chris Bosch, guitar Duet for Flute and Piano, WFB 19 / Aaron Copland Somewhat Mournful Marie Doyon, flute Prelude in C / Sergei Prokofiev David Smith, piano Pavane No. 1 / Luis de Milán Austin DeAndrade, guitar Dein ist mein ganzes Herz from The Land of Smiles / Franz Lehar Richard Moran, tenor Three Songs Without Words / Paul Ben-Haim Arioso Ballad Shepardic Melody Colby DeWitt, alto saxophone Variation on a theme from Norma / Jean-Baptiste Arban Theme Variation I Più lento James Sheehan, trumpet For You There is No Song / Leslie Adams Deborah / Gene Bone Justine Smigel, soprano Introduction and Variations on a Theme by Mozart / Fernando Sor Brian Strange, guitar Leibeslied, Op. 13 / Johann Kaspar Mertz Nolan Driscoll, guitar El Decameron negro / Leo Brouwer Balada de la doncella enamorada Brian Picher, guitar Per la Gloria d’adorarvi from Griselda / Giovanni Bononcini Taylor Eckstrom, soprano Study No. 9 / Fred Albright Eric George, snare drumhttps://vc.bridgew.edu/student_concerts/1063/thumbnail.jp

Компьютерные технологии проведения практических занятий по электротехнике

The paper gives the rationale behind the methodological approach of conducting practical training on electrical engineering. The approach features extensive guidance on students ' preliminary extra-curricular work in the process of preparation for the classes (drawing up schemes and graphs, chain calculation, etc.) The extra-curricular work is followed by the computer analysis of the chain along with the comparison of the result

Structural Comparison of Human Mammalian Ste20-Like Kinases

BACKGROUND: The serine/threonine mammalian Ste-20 like kinases (MSTs) are key regulators of apoptosis, cellular proliferation as well as polarization. Deregulation of MSTs has been associated with disease progression in prostate and colorectal cancer. The four human MSTs are regulated differently by C-terminal regions flanking the catalytic domains. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have determined the crystal structure of kinase domain of MST4 in complex with an ATP-mimetic inhibitor. This is the first structure of an inactive conformation of a member of the MST kinase family. Comparison with active structures of MST3 and MST1 revealed a dimeric association of MST4 suggesting an activation loop exchanged mechanism of MST4 auto-activation. Together with a homology model of MST2 we provide a comparative analysis of the kinase domains for all four members of the human MST family. SIGNIFICANCE: The comparative analysis identified new structural features in the MST ATP binding pocket and has also defined the mechanism for autophosphorylation. Both structural features may be further explored for inhibitors design. ENHANCED VERSION: This article can also be viewed as an enhanced version in which the text of the article is integrated with interactive 3D representations and animated transitions. Please note that a web plugin is required to access this enhanced functionality. Instructions for the installation and use of the web plugin are available in Text S1

A genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagus.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a cancer with rising incidence and poor survival. Most such cancers arise in a specialized intestinal metaplastic epithelium, which is diagnostic of Barrett's esophagus. In a genome-wide association study, we compared esophageal adenocarcinoma cases (n = 2,390) and individuals with precancerous Barrett's esophagus (n = 3,175) with 10,120 controls in 2 phases. For the combined case group, we identified three new associations. The first is at 19p13 (rs10419226: P = 3.6 × 10(-10)) in CRTC1 (encoding CREB-regulated transcription coactivator), whose aberrant activation has been associated with oncogenic activity. A second is at 9q22 (rs11789015: P = 1.0 × 10(-9)) in BARX1, which encodes a transcription factor important in esophageal specification. A third is at 3p14 (rs2687201: P = 5.5 × 10(-9)) near the transcription factor FOXP1, which regulates esophageal development. We also refine a previously reported association with Barrett's esophagus near the putative tumor suppressor gene FOXF1 at 16q24 and extend our findings to now include esophageal adenocarcinoma

International Nonregimes: A Research Agenda1

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146934/1/j.1468-2486.2007.00672.x.pd