The Hydraulic Properties of the Ordovician Rocks at Pittsburg, Kansas

This report describes aquifer tests made in March 1954 and February and March 1955 to determine the coefficients of transmissibility and storage of the Ordovician rocks at Pittsburg, Kansas. The report includes most of the data obtained during the tests and the analysis of the data. The general regional decline of water level in the Ordovician rocks in the Tri-State district is discussed. The Ordovician rocks are the most important water-bearing beds in the Pittsburg area. They are composed of dolomite, shale, sandy dolomite, and fine-grained sandstone. The rocks do not crop out in the Pittsburg area but crop out many miles to the east in Missouri. The main water-bearing beds lie at a depth of 600 to 1,050 feet at Pittsburg. The average values of the coefficients of transmissibility and storage computed from the aquifer tests were 250,000 gallons per day (gpd) per foot and 4.6 X 10-4, respectively. The value of the coefficient of transmissibility is high compared to values obtained in other places where similar tests of the aquifer have been made. To a considerable extent the decline of water level at Pittsburg probably has been due to pumping from mines in the overlying Mississippian rocks, as well as to pumping from the Ordovician rocks themselves. A huge quantity of water is stored in the Ordovician rocks, which will continue to yield millions of gallons of water per day

Interview with Evert A. Eversole

An interview with Evert Warren Eversole (1912-1986) about World War I. Audio is on tape MS016_13-3_71-098https://scholars.fhsu.edu/koh/1148/thumbnail.jp

The Hydraulic Properties of the Ordovician Rocks at Pittsburg, Kansas

This report describes aquifer tests made in March 1954 and February and March 1955 to determine the coefficients of transmissibility and storage of the Ordovician rocks at Pittsburg, Kansas. The report includes most of the data obtained during the tests and the analysis of the data. The general regional decline of water level in the Ordovician rocks in the Tri-State district is discussed. The Ordovician rocks are the most important water-bearing beds in the Pittsburg area. They are composed of dolomite, shale, sandy dolomite, and fine-grained sandstone. The rocks do not crop out in the Pittsburg area but crop out many miles to the east in Missouri. The main water-bearing beds lie at a depth of 600 to 1,050 feet at Pittsburg. The average values of the coefficients of transmissibility and storage computed from the aquifer tests were 250,000 gallons per day (gpd) per foot and 4.6 X 10-4, respectively. The value of the coefficient of transmissibility is high compared to values obtained in other places where similar tests of the aquifer have been made. To a considerable extent the decline of water level at Pittsburg probably has been due to pumping from mines in the overlying Mississippian rocks, as well as to pumping from the Ordovician rocks themselves. A huge quantity of water is stored in the Ordovician rocks, which will continue to yield millions of gallons of water per day

Progress Report on the Ground-Water Hydrology of the Equus-Beds Area, Kansas--1966

The drought of the 1950's resulted in a continual water-level decline as reported in Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 119, Part 1. Since 1957, however, substantial quantities of recharge have occurred, and as a result the water table has shown a net rise. In addition, Wichita's withdrawals from the newly completed surface-water reservoir, commencing in 1965, has resulted in a reduced and dispersed draft from the Equus-beds well field, thus affecting the water levels. The maximum decline in water level since 1940 was 33 feet in 1956; by December 31, 1965, the maximum decline had decreased to approximately 20 feet. Thus, the maximum net rise in the center of the well field has been 13 feet. The zone of pumping influence encompassed an area somewhat in excess of 120 square miles by 1956, but by December 31, 1965, the affected area had been reduced to about 98 square miles. The storage capacity of the zone of pumping influence had dropped from 111,000 acre-feet in 1956 to 95,800 by the end of 1965, indicating that recharge more than balanced withdrawals. During this period, the City of Wichita had pumped 306,000 acre-feet of water from the well field. From September 1940 to December 31, 1965, the historical period of pumping, the City of Wichita pumped 636,000 acre-feet of water from the well field. The reduction in storage amounted to 95,800 acre-feet. Thus, about 85 percent of the water pumped from the Wichita well field since 1940 has been replaced by recharge. The Wichita well field, and certainly the greater Equus-beds area as a whole, can stand substantial increase in development. The full potential of the Equus beds will never be realized unless water levels are lowered to points lower than they have been in the past. The Little Arkansas River, the spillway to the Equus beds, is still a gaining stream, and thus considerable water is discharged from the Equus beds and flows from the area unused. Proper water management in the Equus-beds area must include the development of the unused surface waters of the Little Arkansas River

Mathematics Methods for Early Childhood

This book is for the early childhood pre-service teachers, which includes the period from infancy until eight years of age. Mathematics skills must be taught in early childhood and children should be provided a foundation to succeed in elementary school and beyond. Mathematics Methods for Early Childhood was designed to help early childhood teacher candidates develop an understanding of why lessons in early childhood should focus on mathematics in order to help children be successful. Young children are naturally curious, and the best time to begin mathematics is at a time while the young child\u27s brain is rapidly developing. Mathematics in early childhood helps children develop critical thinking and reasoning skills early on and it’s the key to the foundation for success in their formal schooling years. This book references the Kansas Mathematics Standards. These standards are closely aligned to the Common Core Standards for School Mathematics.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/all_oer/1001/thumbnail.jp

Progress Report on the Ground-Water Hydrology of the Equus-Beds Area, Kansas--1966

The drought of the 1950's resulted in a continual water-level decline as reported in Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 119, Part 1. Since 1957, however, substantial quantities of recharge have occurred, and as a result the water table has shown a net rise. In addition, Wichita's withdrawals from the newly completed surface-water reservoir, commencing in 1965, has resulted in a reduced and dispersed draft from the Equus-beds well field, thus affecting the water levels. The maximum decline in water level since 1940 was 33 feet in 1956; by December 31, 1965, the maximum decline had decreased to approximately 20 feet. Thus, the maximum net rise in the center of the well field has been 13 feet. The zone of pumping influence encompassed an area somewhat in excess of 120 square miles by 1956, but by December 31, 1965, the affected area had been reduced to about 98 square miles. The storage capacity of the zone of pumping influence had dropped from 111,000 acre-feet in 1956 to 95,800 by the end of 1965, indicating that recharge more than balanced withdrawals. During this period, the City of Wichita had pumped 306,000 acre-feet of water from the well field. From September 1940 to December 31, 1965, the historical period of pumping, the City of Wichita pumped 636,000 acre-feet of water from the well field. The reduction in storage amounted to 95,800 acre-feet. Thus, about 85 percent of the water pumped from the Wichita well field since 1940 has been replaced by recharge. The Wichita well field, and certainly the greater Equus-beds area as a whole, can stand substantial increase in development. The full potential of the Equus beds will never be realized unless water levels are lowered to points lower than they have been in the past. The Little Arkansas River, the spillway to the Equus beds, is still a gaining stream, and thus considerable water is discharged from the Equus beds and flows from the area unused. Proper water management in the Equus-beds area must include the development of the unused surface waters of the Little Arkansas River

STEM Teaching and Learning in Rural Communities: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities An Introduction to Volume 12, Issue 2 of TPRE

This special issue of Theory & Practice in Rural Education highlights STEM Teaching and Learning in Rural Communities. The articles selected represent both theory and practice and explore the complexities, practices, challenges, and opportunities facing rural schools and universities as they design and implement STEM teaching and learning. Articles from the field have related rural school success stories of how rural districts have overcome challenges to have effective and rich STEM teaching and learning in rural schools. Article submissions crossed a variety of topics, and three main themes emerged throughout the articles: (1) making STEM teaching relevant, (2) promising practices, and (3) professional development. While rural educators and communities face unique challenges, they can also provide many opportunities such as the knowledge, experiences, and local connections that can strengthen STEM education. When the complexities of rural spaces are acknowledged, collaborative partnerships can bring external and internal assets together to meet those challenges and boost STEM learning and teaching in rural schools

Rural Field Experiences: Promising Practices

A Rural Field Experience, in which pre-service teachers are totally immersed in the rural school setting and rural life, has been successful in attracting and retaining mathematics and science teachers in rural schools. The week-long Rural Field Experience is having a lasting effect on recruiting and retaining teachers. Responses from teacher education candidates indicate that successful strategies for building partnerships support this program and approach. Funded by an NSF Robert Noyce Scholarship grant, this program includes unique courses focused on issues related to teaching in a rural community

Ungrading’s Affect on Student Agency in the Education Classroom

This study investigates the impact of ungraded classroom evaluation structures on students\u27 development of agency for learning. Through survey research comparing traditionally graded classes with those employing ungrading practices, student responses are analyzed. Results suggest potential increases in student agency among those in ungraded classes. This challenges prevailing education practices, highlighting the shift towards student-centered, formative learning experiences when agency is actively encouraged

Geology and Ground-water Hydrology of the Ingalls Area, Kansas

This report describes the geology and ground-water hydrology of a 540-square-mile area in Finney and Gray Counties, Kansas. The city of Ingalls is approximately in the center of the area, which is in the Finney lowland and High Plains physiographic provinces and is crossed by Arkansas River. The normal annual precipitation is 19.93 inches, and the mean annual temperature is 55° F. The rocks exposed in the Ingalls area are sedimentary and range in age from Tertiary to Recent. The geology of the area is described, and cross sections show the extent of the unconsolidated deposits in the subsurface. These unconsolidated deposits are about 140 to 300 feet thick and yield water to wells for all public, domestic, stock, and most irrigation supplies in the area. The quantity of water in storage in that part of the area that is 10 miles wide and 24 miles long and lies adjacent to Arkansas River between Pierceville and Cimarron amounts to about 130,000 acre-feet in the alluvium of Arkansas River and about 2,700,000 acre-feet in the Ogallala formation beneath and adjacent to the alluvium. The ground water in most of the area is moderately hard, and the water of Arkansas River and the alluvium north of the river is very hard. Data collected from seven aquifer tests and analyses of the data are included in this report. Three aquifer tests were made of the alluvium of Arkansas River and four of the Ogallala formation. The coefficient of transmissibility of the alluvium computed from the test data ranged from 97,000 to 180,000 gpd per foot and of the Ogallala formation from 12,000 to 61,000 gpd per foot. The storage coefficient of the Ogallala formation is about 2.5 x 10-4. The hydrologic and geologic data on which this report is based include records of 231 wells and test holes, logs of 89 wells and test holes, and analyses of 14 samples of water