Analysis of technogenic impact (gas-industrial complex) on the state of soil and groundwater

The results of experimental studies of soil properties in area that was contaminated following the disaster at drilling of the gas-bearing-well at oil and gas production facility are represented. The local population uses this soil for agricultural purposes. Conclusions on the impact of emergency on the state of soil, natural and drinking water of decentralized water supply to nearby settlements are made

BARRIERS IN MUTUAL TRADE IN ELECTRIC ENERGY IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE COMMON ELECTRIC POWER MARKET OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

The mutual trade in electricity between the Russian Federation and other members of the Eurasian Economic Union is considered. The existing barriers to the formation of the common electric power market of the Eurasian Economic Union have analysed. The possible variants of centralized electricity trading under fixedterm contracts and day ahead market have considered. Both positive and negative effects for the domestic electricity market have identified as the result of the formation of the common electric power market of the Eurasian Economic Union

THE ECONOMIC REASONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR GENERATION USING STANDALONE HYBRID POWER PLANTS IN ISOLATED ENERGY SYSTEMS

This article examines the significance of isolated energy systems for the Russian Federation. The dependence on expensive imported fuel in isolated energy systems and the need to develop alternative energy programs and energy efficiency of isolated systems have highlighted. The existing renewable energy sources in the territory of isolated energy systems have analysed and plans for their development have considered. In particular, an example of the implementation of energy-efficient autonomous hybrid power plants has presented by modernizing existing diesel power plants with the installation of solar panels

Functional testing of the lower extremity muscles

The purpose of the study was to increase the efficiency of diagnostics of the strength indicators of the lower extremity muscles by determining the optimal conditions for the mutual location of segments of kinematic links for the best implementation of contractile capabilities during functional testing. The main focus of the work was to determine the positions for the maximum overlaying of myofilaments in the sarcomeres of the investigated contractile areas of the movable segments of the lower extremities during power loads. 20 experienced football players, whose average age was 26.8±6.2 years, took part in the study. In order to fulfill the set goal, interference electromyography was performed on all athletes. The function of a separate group of muscles was considered in accordance with the endogenous ability to overcome external resistance in a given direction. Dependence of contractile manifestations was coordinated in accordance with the approach or distance of areas of attachment of muscles. The positions of the muscles were regulated by the ventral and sagittal planes, as well as by the average amplitude of rotation. On the basis of the ratio of maximum, average amplitudes and frequency, data regarding the maximum overlaying of myofilaments in sarcomeres (maximum bioelectric activity), in accordance with the position angle of the movable segment of the lower extremity were obtained. It was established that for conducting functional testing, the location of the trunk and lower extremities in the same plane of movement and axis were the optimal positions for the diarticular muscles of the thigh and lower leg; for monoarticular extensors of the lower leg - a position at a right angle between the lower leg and thigh; for rotators of the lower leg and foot - location of these segments in a plane parallel to the sagittal one. On the basis of the obtained data, the optimal conditions for the mutual location of the segments of the kinematic links for the realization of the contractile capabilities of the muscles of the lower extremities have been determined, a protocol for functional testing of the muscles of the lower extremities has been developed, it is presented in graphic form with the possibility of entering data from both limbs, while test points of rotator muscles of the thigh and lower leg have been added

The device for monitoring the insulation breakdown zone of power cable lines in distribution networks with isolated neutral system during high-voltage diagnostic

The article considers an electrical device designed for diagnostic work in distribution networks of 6-10 kV, namely, the determination of damage zones in case of failure of insulating materials of cable lines during high-voltage diagnostics with a rectified voltage of negative polarity. The novelty of the developed device is its ability to connect directly to a high-voltage cable line without additional matching devices. The device is capable of detecting damage zones in lines up to 10 km remotely with an error of up to 0.2% of the cable length. The prefix allows you to fix any variants of damage to single-phase and three-phase cable lines with high transient resistance at the site of damage without the operation of “burning” insulation, which significantly reduces the time of repair work at the controlled facility

Новые поликарбонатсилоксаны на основе силоксан-N-фталимидинов

Objectives. Polymeric carbonate siloxanes containing a siloxane-N-phthalimidine group in the chain frame are new synthetic comb-like macromolecule systems. This work aims to study the possibility of applying them in the form of film materials for heat-resistant, high-performance gas-permeable membranes.Methods. Comb-like polycarbonate siloxanes of the siloxane-containing polyether class were obtained using various polycondensation methods. i.e., by the polymer-analogous transformation of polycarbonate-allyl-N-phthalimidines, using their reaction in an alkyl hydride siloxane solution; polycondensation of N-(3-(pentamethyldisiloxane)-propyl)-3,3-bis-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimidine with diphenylolpropane bis-chloroformate in a solution using triethylamine as an acceptor of hydrochloric acid; interphase polycondensation of the above reagents in a dichloromethane aqueous alkali system. The structures of the obtained initial and polymeric compounds were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analysis. All of the synthesized comb-like copolymers had good solubility in several available solvents and film formations.Results. The new comb-like polycarbonate siloxanes had high thermal stability. According to thermogravimetric analysis, the introduction of up to 20 wt % siloxane units makes it possible to increase the heat resistance of polycarbonate siloxanes by 25 °C. Concurrently, their glasstransition temperature reaches 160 °C. Copolymers of polycarbonate siloxanes in the form of films have a high tensile strength above 50 MPa and an elastic modulus of up to 2000 MPa. The permeability coefficients of gases through a copolymer of polycarbonate siloxanes in the form of a film for several gases surpass the permeability of industrial polycarbonate from diphenylolpropane and fluorine-containing siloxane polycarbonate.Conclusions. The results achieved indicate the possibility of creating new polymeric combshaped siloxane systems with a variable structure that can contribute to obtaining the properties desired from them. Combined with high selectivity gas separation, this makes it possible to use such comb-shaped polycarbonate siloxanes as film membrane materials with an increased operating temperature range.Цели. Полимерные карбонатсилоксаны, содержащие в обрамлении цепи силоксан-N-фталимидиновую группировку, являются новыми синтетическими гребнеобразными системами макромолекул. Цель работы – изучить возможность их применения в виде пленочных материалов для термостойких высокоэффективных газопроницаемых мембран.Методы. Гребнеобразные поликарбонатсилоксаны класса силоксан-содержащих полиэфиров были получены различными поликонденсационными методами: полимераналогичным превращением поликарбонат-аллил-N-фталимидинов их реакцией в растворе с алкилгидридсилоксанами; поликонденсацией N-(3-(пентаметилдисилокси)-пропил)-3,3-бис-(4'-окси-фенил)фталимидина с бис-хлорформиатом дифенилолпропана в растворе, используя триэтиламин в качестве акцептора соляной кислоты или межфазной поликонденсацией указанных реагентов в системе метиленхлорид–водная щелочь. Структуры полученных исходных и полимерных соединений были подтверждены спектроскопией ядерного магнитного резонанса 1 H и элементным анализом. Свойством всех синтезированных гребнеобразных сополимеров является их хорошая растворимость в ряде доступных растворителях и пленкообразование.Результаты. Показано, что новые гребнеобразные поликарбонатсилоксаны обладают высокой термической устойчивостью. По данным термогравиметрического анализа введение в сополимер до 20 масс. % силоксановых звеньев позволяет повысить термостойкость поликарбонатсилоксанов на 25 °C. При этом, температура стеклования их достигает 160 °C. Сополимеры поликарбонатсилоксанов в виде пленок обладают высокой прочностью на разрыв выше 50 МПа и модулем упругости до 2000 МПа. Коэффициенты проницаемости газов через coполимер поликарбонатсилоксанов в виде пленки по ряду газов превосходят проницаемость для промышленного поликарбоната из дифенилолпропана и фторсодержащего силоксанового поликарбоната.Выводы. Достигнутые результаты свидетельствуют о возможности создания новых полимерных гребнеобразных силоксановых систем с варьируемой структурой, которая способствует для них получению заданных свойств. В сочетании с высокой селективностью разделения газов это позволяет использовать новые гребнеобразные поликарбонатсилоксаны в качестве пленочных мембранных материалов с повышенным интервалом рабочих температур

Magnetorheological effect of magnetoactive elastomer with a permalloy filler

Within the frames of this study, the synthesis of a permalloy to be used as a filler for magnetoactive and magnetorheological elastomers (MAEs and MREs) was carried out. By means of the mechanochemical method, an alloy with the composition 75 wt.% of Fe and 25 wt.% of Ni was obtained. The powder of the product was utilized in the synthesis of MAEs. Study of the magnetorheological (MR) properties of the elastomer showed that in a ~400 mT magnetic field the shear modulus of the MAE increased by a factor of ~200, exhibiting an absolute value of ~8 MPa. Furthermore, we obtained experimentally a relative high loss factor for the studied composite; this relates to the size and morphology of the synthesized powder. The composite with such properties is a very perspective material for magnetocontrollable damping devices. Under the action of an external magnetic field, chain-like structures are formed inside the elastomeric matrix, which is the main determining factor for obtaining a high MR effect. The effect of chain-like structures formation is most pronounced in the region of small strains, since structures are partially destroyed at large strains. A proposed theoretical model based on chain formation sufficiently well describes the experimentally observed MR effect. The peculiarity of the model is that chains of aggregates of particles, instead of individual particles, are considered. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work is supported by the research association between the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Grant Bo 3343/2‐1 within PAK 907 and support of RFBR under Grant 19‐53‐12039. A.M., A.Z. are grateful the RFBR, projects 19‐31‐90003, 19‐52‐45001, 20‐02‐00022 and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, project № FEUZ‐2020‐0051

Functional testing of the lower extremity muscles

The purpose of the study was to increase the efficiency of diagnostics of the strength indicators of the lower extremity muscles by determining the optimal conditions for the mutual location of segments of kinematic links for the best implementation of contractile capabilities during functional testing. The main focus of the work was to determine the positions for the maximum overlaying of myofilaments in the sarcomeres of the investigated contractile areas of the movable segments of the lower extremities during power loads. 20 experienced football players, whose average age was 26.8±6.2 years, took part in the study. In order to fulfill the set goal, interference electromyography was performed on all athletes. The function of a separate group of muscles was considered in accordance with the endogenous ability to overcome external resistance in a given direction. Dependence of contractile manifestations was coordinated in accordance with the approach or distance of areas of attachment of muscles. The positions of the muscles were regulated by the ventral and sagittal planes, as well as by the average amplitude of rotation. On the basis of the ratio of maximum, average amplitudes and frequency, data regarding the maximum overlaying of myofilaments in sarcomeres (maximum bioelectric activity), in accordance with the position angle of the movable segment of the lower extremity were obtained. It was established that for conducting functional testing, the location of the trunk and lower extremities in the same plane of movement and axis were the optimal positions for the diarticular muscles of the thigh and lower leg; for monoarticular extensors of the lower leg - a position at a right angle between the lower leg and thigh; for rotators of the lower leg and foot - location of these segments in a plane parallel to the sagittal one. On the basis of the obtained data, the optimal conditions for the mutual location of the segments of the kinematic links for the realization of the contractile capabilities of the muscles of the lower extremities have been determined, a protocol for functional testing of the muscles of the lower extremities has been developed, it is presented in graphic form with the possibility of entering data from both limbs, while test points of rotator muscles of the thigh and lower leg have been added