Handbook of Anglo-American Legal History by Max Radin

Review of "Handbook of Anglo-American Legal History" by Max Radi

Dynamic Clinical Data Mining: Search Engine-Based Decision Support

The research world is undergoing a transformation into one in which data, on massive levels, is freely shared. In the clinical world, the capture of data on a consistent basis has only recently begun. We propose an operational vision for a digitally based care system that incorporates data-based clinical decision making. The system would aggregate individual patient electronic medical data in the course of care; query a universal, de-identified clinical database using modified search engine technology in real time; identify prior cases of sufficient similarity as to be instructive to the case at hand; and populate the individual patient's electronic medical record with pertinent decision support material such as suggested interventions and prognosis, based on prior outcomes. Every individual's course, including subsequent outcomes, would then further populate the population database to create a feedback loop to benefit the care of future patients

Solving the Corner-Turning Problem for Large Interferometers

The so-called corner turning problem is a major bottleneck for radio telescopes with large numbers of antennas. The problem is essentially that of rapidly transposing a matrix that is too large to store on one single device; in radio interferometry, it occurs because data from each antenna needs to be routed to an array of processors that will each handle a limited portion of the data (a frequency range, say) but requires input from each antenna. We present a low-cost solution allowing the correlator to transpose its data in real time, without contending for bandwidth, via a butterfly network requiring neither additional RAM memory nor expensive general-purpose switching hardware. We discuss possible implementations of this using FPGA, CMOS, analog logic and optical technology, and conclude that the corner turner cost can be small even for upcoming massive radio arrays.Comment: Revised to match accepted MNRAS version. 7 pages, 4 fig

Reducing dietary wild derived fishmeal inclusion levels in production diets for large yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)

Further research to understand the effect of dietary wild derived fishmeal (WD-FM) substitution with commercially relevant alternative ingredients for large yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK) was investigated. This 36-week study was designed to replace dietary inclusions of WD-FM with alternative protein ingredients including poultry meal, soy protein concentrate and by-product fishmeal (PM, SPC and BP-FM) and measure the effect on the growth performance, feed utilisation, and health of large YTK (2.5 kg initial weight) at ambient water temperatures (average 16.6 °C). Six diets were formulated on a digestible basis to contain 39% digestible protein (∼45–46% crude protein), 23% digestible lipid (∼24–25% crude lipid), and a digestible energy level of 17 MJ kg−1 (∼19 MJ kg−1 gross energy level). Fish were fed to apparent satiation once daily at 10:00 h. Substitution of fish meal with alternative ingredients did not significantly impact fish growth, feed utilisation, gastrointestinal health, blood haematology or measured biochemistry indices. Results from the current study will allow reductions to the dietary WD-FM inclusion levels, with tangible sustainability benefits. The inclusion of the alternative protein sources resulted in improvements in the fish in-fish out ratios of up to 35.1%. This study suggests formulation criteria for large YTK should include a minimum of 10% WD-FM. Further to this, at least 30% of the diet should consist of a combination of poultry meal, soy protein concentrate and fishmeal (both wild and by-product). Our data further support the use of BP-FM up to ∼20% inclusion, while PM and SPC should be limited to ∼10% inclusion until further data is available on these raw materials in YTK feeds. These recommendations will facilitate formulation flexibility for large YTK feeds, enabling formulators to adapt to changes to extrinsic factors such as raw material availability, and sustainability while minimising cost and performance impacts

Withholding or withdrawing invasive interventions may not accelerate time to death among dying ICU patients

We considered observational data available from the MIMIC-III open-access ICU database and collected within a study period between year 2002 up to 2011. If a patient had multiple admissions to the ICU during the 30 days before death, only the first stay was analyzed, leading to a final set of 6,436 unique ICU admissions during the study period. We tested two hypotheses: (i) administration of invasive intervention during the ICU stay immediately preceding end-of-life would decrease over the study time period and (ii) time-to-death from ICU admission would also decrease, due to the decrease in invasive intervention administration. To investigate the latter hypothesis, we performed a subgroups analysis by considering patients with lowest and highest severity. To do so, we stratified the patients based on their SAPS I scores, and we considered patients within the first and the third tertiles of the score. We then assessed differences in trends within these groups between years 2002-05 vs. 2008-11. Comparing the period 2002-2005 vs. 2008-2011, we found a reduction in endotracheal ventilation among patients who died within 30 days of ICU admission (120.8 vs. 68.5 hours for the lowest severity patients, p<0.001; 47.7 vs. 46.0 hours for the highest severity patients, p=0.004). This is explained in part by an increase in the use of non-invasive ventilation. Comparing the period 2002-2005 vs. 2008-2011, we found a reduction in the use of vasopressors and inotropes among patients with the lowest severity who died within 30 days of ICU admission (41.8 vs. 36.2 hours, p<0.001) but not among those with the highest severity. Despite a reduction in the use of invasive interventions, we did not find a reduction in the time to death between 2002-2005 vs. 2008-2011 (7.8 days vs. 8.2 days for the lowest severity patients, p=0.32; 2.1 days vs. 2.0 days for the highest severity patients, p=0.74)

Summer Conference on ‘Nutrition at Key Stages of the Life Cycle’:Summer conference, Liverpool.

Nutritional requirements of individuals vary across the lifecycle, according to activity,age, and gender. To optimize human health, consideration of nutritional priorities at each stage is needed. This conference brought together multidisciplinary experts in maternal and child nutrition and health, cardiometabolic and plant-based nutrition, and dietitians involved in the care of vulnerable populations, plus nutritional metabolism, health, and ageing. The presentations highlighted the most important nutrition research in these areas, updating knowledge and suggesting how dietary advice and policy could be adapted to incorporate research findings. With the global increase in non-communicable disease (NCD) and nutrition being considered as a key modifiable risk factor for the prevention and management of NCD, this conference was much needed

Evolution of Blister-Type HII Regions in a Magnetized Medium

We use the three-dimensional Athena ionizing radiation-magnetohydrodynamics (IRMHD) code to simulate blister-type HII regions driven by stars on the edge of magnetized gas clouds. We compare these to simulations of spherical HII regions where the star is embedded deep within a cloud, and to non-magnetized simulations of both types, in order to compare their ability to drive turbulence and influence star formation. We find that magnetized blister HII regions can be very efficient at injecting energy into clouds. This is partly a magnetic effect: the magnetic energy added to a cloud by an HII region is comparable to or larger than the kinetic energy, and magnetic fields can also help collimate the ejected gas, increasing its energy yield. As a result of these effects, a blister HII region expanding into a cloud with a magnetic field perpendicular to its edge injects twice as much energy by 5 Myr as a non-magnetized blister HII region driven by a star of the same luminosity. Blister HII regions are also more efficient at injecting kinetic energy than spherical HII regions, due to the recoil provided by escaping gas, but not by as much as predicted by some analytic approximations.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figures, 1 tabl

Paradoxical decrease in norepinephrine content of adult mouse spleen and heart after neonatal nerve growth factor treatment

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21945/1/0000352.pd

Conductance Fluctuations in a Disordered Double-Barrier Junction

We consider the effect of disorder on coherent tunneling through two barriers in series, in the regime of overlapping transmission resonances. We present analytical calculations (using random-matrix theory) and numerical simulations (on a lattice) to show that strong mode-mixing in the inter-barrier region induces mesoscopic fluctuations in the conductance $G$ of universal magnitude $e^2/h$ for a symmetric junction. For an asymmetric junction, the root-mean-square fluctuations depend on the ratio $\nu$ of the two tunnel resistances according to ${rms} G = (4e^2/h)\beta^{-1/2} \nu(1+\nu)^{-2}$, where $\beta = 1 (2)$ in the presence (absence) of time-reversal symmetry.Comment: 12 pages, REVTeX-3.0, 2 figures, submitted to Physical Review