Autobiography Times Four

Autobiography Times Fou

Introduction to the Preference Clause

Introduction to the Preference Claus

Montana Water Rights--A New Opportunity

Montana Water Rights--A New Opportunit

The Long Count on Dempsey: No Final Decision on Water Right Abduction

The Long Count on Dempsey: No Final Decision on Water Right Abductio

Role of Cholinergic Projections to the Orbitofrontal Cortex in Probability Discounting in a Rat Model

Decision-making, especially when rewards are probabilistic, influences our lives on a daily basis and can be affected in some psychological disorders. Thus, understanding the neural basis of decision-making is important to understand how this processing occurs under “normal” conditions and to develop potential targets for treating conditions in which decision-making is affected. Projections from the basal forebrain release acetylcholine in all cortical areas. These projections are damaged in Alzheimer’s disease and there has also been interest in this pathway with respect to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. Rats were trained in a probability-discounting task in which the animal choses between a small reward available 100% of the time or a larger reward available 100%, 33%, or 17% of the time. The subjects then received cholinergic lesions to the orbitofrontal cortex using 192IgG-saporin; sham-surgery, or no surgery. Cholinergic lesions to the OFC lead to more risky behavior in the subjects, causing the lesion animals to choose the large reward at higher rates than the control animals especially when the large reward was at 17% availability. Differences in lesion and sham-lesion groups did not reach significance, while lesion and nonsurgical groups showed significant differences, indicating that surgery may have been a large factor in changes seen in task performance

Montana Water Rights--A New Opportunity

Montana Water Rights--A New Opportunit

Improving Montana Water Law

Improving Montana Water La

Public Use of the Banks and Beds of Montana Streams

PUBLIC USE OF THE BANKS AND BEDS OF MONTANA STREAM