Experimental review of oxygen content at mixing layer in cone calorimeter

This work aims to elucidate whether the hypothesis of zero oxygen at the mixture layer when flame takes place is assumable for every kind of material. For that purpose, we investigated the oxygen concentration there by cone calorimeter tests. A modified holder was developed in order to collect oxygen in this mixture layer. In addition, thermogravimetric tests were carried out so as to relate the possible effects of the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere where the pyrolysis process takes place, since the cone calorimeter does not allow to control the oxygen level of the atmosphere during the experiment. The reaction rates and per cent of residue in the cone calorimetric tests were measured and compared with the results from thermogravimetric tests. Six products were analysed which can be classified in three main groups: lignocellulosic, thermoplastic polymers and thermoset polymers. Cone calorimetric results showed that for some of the materials analysed (PET, Nylon and PUR foam) the oxygen level at mixture layer decreased until values close to zero. The comparison of reaction rates between cone calorimetric and thermogravimetric tests revealed the char layer created in cone calorimetric tests over the exposed face for brushed fir, Nylon and PET established an important heat barrier that modifies the thermal behaviour of these materials.Authors would like to thank to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the PYRODESIGN Project grant, Ref.: BIA2012-37890, financed jointly by FEDER funds

National Report for the IAG of the IUGG 2019-2022

Major results of researches conducted by Russian geodesists in 2019-2022 on the topics of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) are presented in this issue. This report is prepared by the Section of Geodesy of the National Geophysical Committee of Russia. In the report prepared for the XXVII General Assembly of IUGG (Germany, Berlin, 11-20 July 2023), the results of principal researches in geodesy, geodynamics, gravimetry, in the studies of geodetic reference frame creation and development, Earth's shape and gravity field, Earth's rotation, geodetic theory, its application and some other directions are briefly described. For some objective reasons not all results obtained by Russian scientists on the field of geodesy are included in the report.Comment: Misprint in the title of the arXiv record has been corrected. The submission content is not affecte

Effects of Low-Level Laser Irradiation on Mammalian Cell Cultures: Comparative Experimental Studies with Different Types of Lasers at 1260-1270 nm

Abstract: The effects observed under near-infrared laser irradiation of mammalian cells have been demonstrated to depend to a large extent on the type of irradiation source. In our experiments, we have measured concentration of reactive oxygen species in cell cultures of different origin (rodent and human, cancerous and non-cancerous) exposed to the radiation of low-level lasers at 1265 nm. Surprisingly, the radiation effects of narrowband laser occur to be more pronounced compared with those provided by the lasers of broader linewidth. Also, we have found that the aggressive types of cancer require a more accurate selection of irradiation parameters and laser operation regime

Comparison of nonlinear properties of monomer and dimer of bacterial phytochrome from Deinococcus radiodurans

Current medicine might be greatly enhanced by the ability to in vivo control and monitor neurons using opsins/phytochromes expressed in neural cells. The fundamental challenge with non-invasive neural cell activity regulation is a high absorption of visible light into biological tissues. This drawback could be mitigated by the photoconversion of phytochromes in spectral ranges with higher tissue transparency. In this study, we first demonstrated two-photon Pr-Pfr conversion of monomeric phytochrome at 1.2 µm wavelength. We did a comparison of linear and nonlinear conversion of truncated DrBphP bacterial phytochromes. This work provides a structured understanding of the optical properties of the dimer and monomer of phytochrome as well as their potential for use in optogenetics

Analysis of Price Structure

Wholesale prices on the products of heavy industry and freight shipment rates are now being revised in accordance with the resolution adopted at the July 1960 Plenary Session of the CPSU Central Committee. As N. S. Khrushchev pointed out at the November 1962 Plenary Session, it is impossible to eliminate many serious shortcomings in production planning, to realize complete cost accounting, and to provide the conditions essential for the profitable operation of enterprises without a correct solution of the problem of price formation and the establishment of scientifically substantiated prices.

Особливості застосування ін’єкційних будівельних матеріалів arcan waterproof при виконанні ремонтнореконструктивних робіт

Abstract. Purpose. Studying the features of the use of modern injection materials in the performance of repair-reconstruction works. Methodology. As the object of investigation, were chosen injection materials for waterproofing of the manufacturer ARCAN Waterproof (Germany). Results. Formulated advantages of using injection materials for waterproofing of the manufacturer ARCAN Waterproof. Scientific novelty. The main factors are revealed allowing making a reasonable choice of injection materials for waterproofing. Practical significance. The use of injection technology in carrying out repair-reconstruction work provides a technically efficient and results of cost-effective that meet the requirements of durability.Аннотация. Цель. Изучение особенностей применения современных инъекционных материалов при выполнении ремонтно-реконструктивных работ. Методика. В качестве объекта исследования выбраны инъекционные материалы для гидроизоляции производителя ARCAN Waterproof (Германия). Результаты. Сформулированы преимущества применения инъекционных материалов для гидроизоляции производителя ARCAN Waterproof. Научная новизна. Выявлены основные факторы, позволяющие осуществить обоснованный выбор инъекционных материалов для гидроизоляции. Практическая значимость. Применение инъекционных технологий при выполнении ремонтно-реконструктивных работ позволяет получить технически эффективный и экономически выгодный результат, соответствующий требованию долговечности.Анотація. Мета. Вивчення особливостей застосування сучасних ін'єкційних матеріалів при виконанні ремонтнореконструктивних робіт. Методика. Як об'єкт дослідження обрані ін'єкційні матеріали для гідроізоляції виробника ARCAN Waterproof (Німеччина). Результати. Сформульовано переваги застосування ін'єкційних матеріалів для гідроізоляції виробника ARCAN Waterproof. Наукова новизна. Виявлено основні чинники, що дозволяють здійснити обґрунтований вибір ін'єкційних матеріалів для гідроізоляції. Практична значимість. Застосування ін'єкційних технологій при виконанні ремонтно-реконструктивних робіт дозволяє отримати технічно-ефективний і економічно-вигідний результат, відповідний вимогу довговічності