Biblioteki konwentualne dominikanów, karmelitów, reformatów i bernardynów na terenie obecnej Polski Środkowej od średniowiecza do XVIII wieku – źródła do ich dziejów, zachowane księgozbiory, profile treściowe. Komunikat

Celem mojego artykułu będzie omówienie przede wszystkim źródeł do historii bibliotek dominikańskich, bernardyńskich, reformackich i karmelitańskich znajdujących się na terenie obecnej Polski Centralnej w średniowieczu i XVI-XVIII w. (Gidle, Kłodawa, Łęczyca, Łowicz, Piotrków Trybunalski, Sieradz, Wieluń, Złoczew), przede wszystkim inwentarzy bibliotecznych, kronik klasztornych. Przedstawię także zachowane dzieła, znajdujące się dzisiaj w wielu bibliotekach polskich i to nie tylko kościelnych. Zamierzam również omówić profile treściowe klasztornych bibliotek interesujących nas zakonów

Kryzys i reforma życia zakonnego XIV–XVI wieku i jego wpływ na dominikański klasztor łęczycki

Although to a lesser degree, the 14th century crisis of religious life also embraced Mendicant Orders, including the Order of Preachers. Dominican brothers were obliged to respect the principles written down in the rule of St Augustine as well as in the constitution of the order which regulated the life of the Order as well as defined the Order’s organizational structure. Friars however, sometimes gave in to temptation and broke the rules of their communities. The convents’ style of life with characteristic disregard for the notion of religious community in the order and omnipresent individualism in every field was in conflict with the spirit and content of the rules and constitution of the Dominican, and was referred to as conventualism. The call to initiate a thorough reform of the law in the Order was given by Master General Raymond of Capua. At his command in every Dominican province within one year one monastery with at least 12 brothers was required to introduce the rule of regular observance – the renewal of relations from the period of the formation of the Order and strict adherence (observare) to the Order’s rules. The basic condition of the observance was enclosure. Observant Convents were excluded from the authority of the Provincial and subjected to the power of vicars designated by the Master General. This led to the creation of separate congregations sometimes uniting reformed monasteries from different provinces and countries.In the Polish province the observant reform officially began on 30 July 1432 in the Wroclaw monastery of St. Adalbert. The success of the reform was confirmed by Chelmno Chapter in 1519 only in the orders in Glogow, Legnica, Krosno (part of Silesia province) as well as in part of Mazovia province, whereas the entire division of the province of Greater Poland together with the Łęczyca monastery was subjected to special care of Andrew from Parczew. The same chapter tells Vicar General of the province to re-visit the convents and reintroduce the reform. The negative effects of the collapse of observance by Łęczyca Friars Preachers were serious and they appeared immediately. The convent had never exceeded the number of 12 monks present at one time till the end of its existence in 1799.There were several reasons for the fall of observance in Poland: the reform was superficial in its character, both conventualists and observants were under the authority of the provinces, small convents were poverty stricken. According to J. Kłoczowski the initiators of the reform wrongfully restricted the reform to moral issues only, ignoring the structural aspect. It led to many monks behave passively towards the attempts to introduce observance.Although to a lesser degree, the 14th century crisis of religious life also embraced Mendicant Orders, including the Order of Preachers. Dominican brothers were obliged to respect the principles written down in the rule of St Augustine as well as in the constitution of the order which regulated the life of the Order as well as defined the Order’s organizational structure. Friars however, sometimes gave in to temptation and broke the rules of their communities. The convents’ style of life with characteristic disregard for the notion of religious community in the order and omnipresent individualism in every field was in conflict with the spirit and content of the rules and constitution of the Dominican, and was referred to as conventualism. The call to initiate a thorough reform of the law in the Order was given by Master General Raymond of Capua. At his command in every Dominican province within one year one monastery with at least 12 brothers was required to introduce the rule of regular observance – the renewal of relations from the period of the formation of the Order and strict adherence (observare) to the Order’s rules. The basic condition of the observance was enclosure. Observant Convents were excluded from the authority of the Provincial and subjected to the power of vicars designated by the Master General. This led to the creation of separate congregations sometimes uniting reformed monasteries from different provinces and countries.In the Polish province the observant reform officially began on 30 July 1432 in the Wroclaw monastery of St. Adalbert. The success of the reform was confirmed by Chelmno Chapter in 1519 only in the orders in Glogow, Legnica, Krosno (part of Silesia province) as well as in part of Mazovia province, whereas the entire division of the province of Greater Poland together with the Łęczyca monastery was subjected to special care of Andrew from Parczew. The same chapter tells Vicar General of the province to re-visit the convents and reintroduce the reform. The negative effects of the collapse of observance by Łęczyca Friars Preachers were serious and they appeared immediately. The convent had never exceeded the number of 12 monks present at one time till the end of its existence in 1799.There were several reasons for the fall of observance in Poland: the reform was superficial in its character, both conventualists and observants were under the authority of the provinces, small convents were poverty stricken. According to J. Kłoczowski the initiators of the reform wrongfully restricted the reform to moral issues only, ignoring the structural aspect. It led to many monks behave passively towards the attempts to introduce observance

Szkoły dominikańskie w Łęczycy w XIII-XVI wieku

Ludzie i książki: studia i szkice bibliologiczno-bibliograficzne: księga pamiątkowa dedykowana Profesor Hannie Tadeusiewicz; rozdzia

Analecta Dominiciana. Studia z dziejów Zakonu Braci Kaznodziejów w Polsce Środkowej (XIII-XVIII wiek)

W książce znalazło się 18 artykułów opublikowanych już we wcześniejszych latach w różnych periodykach naukowych i popularnonaukowych oraz jeden jeszcze niewydany. Poświęcone one są łęczyckiemu konwentowi dominiańskiemu oraz bibliotekom klasztornym Braci Kaznodziejów istniejącym na terenie przedrozbiorowej archidiecezji gnieźnieńskiej i ówczenych województw: łęczyckiego, rawskiego i sieradzkiego: w Gidlach, Łęczycy, Łowiczu, Piotrkowie Trybunalskim i Sieradzu. Obecnie jest to obszar Polski Centralnej. Książka składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza zatytułowana Konwent Braci Kaznodziejów w Łęczycy, zawiera artykuły przedstawiające historię łęczyckiego konwentu, kościoła i klasztoru, jego uposażenie, prozopografię, bibliotekę i szkoły przy nim działające. W drugiej natomiast znajdują się prace poświęcone bibliotekom klasztornym dominikanów w Łęczycy, Łowiczu, Piotrkowie Trybunalskim i Sieradzu w XVI–XVIII w. i ich zbiorom oraz kolekcji szesnastowiecznych i siedemnastowiecznych starych druków na początku XX w. w bibliotece klasztornej w Gidlach

Wstęp

Wstęp do książki pod redakcją Tomasza Kubina i Mieczysława Stolarczyka "Kryzysy w Unii Europejskiej w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku : uwarunkowania - przebieg - implikacje

Klasyfikacja Biblioteki Kongresu (KBK) - dziewiętnastowieczna klasyfikacja piśmiennictwa w bibliotece XXI wieku

Artykuł został opublikowany w materiałach konferencyjnych: Stare i nowe w bibliotece. Współpraca czy konkurencja. Konferencja Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 3-5 VI 2009, ŁódźThe Library of Congress Classification (LCC) – the nineteenth-century literary classification in the library of twenty first century. We looked for the signs of Library of Congress Classification in the polish library literary. Till nineties of 20th century, papers on it were rather sketchy and didn’t initiate the essence of the matter. Only then three polish academic libraries brought LCC into practice the descriptions bringing us near to the principles of the Classification. We deal with the case of bringing up to date LCC for example of the class H i s t o r y and examine it’s reaction on the world political changes and on growth of literary on them. We described modernizations in LCC relating to history of selected countries and regions in Europe, Asia and Africa, to the history of Jews, Romanies and Gipsies. In recapitulation we can say that the Library of Congress Classification still extends and it’s texts and users treatment can change the way of work in the polish academic libraries

ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF THE COPPER METALLURGY IN LOWER SILESIA

Many traces of copper metallurgy, such as slag and other copper melts, can be found in the area of Lower Silesia. The research programme, which assesses the exact location and detailed inventory of the sites connected with mining and copper smelting in the area of three historical regions of its exploitation, as well as testing of the collected material is implemented by the Copper Museum in Legnica, in collaboration with the Faculty of Foundry, at the University of Science and Technology. The tested material mainly consists of copper slag with different content of copper melts, being a semi product. The copper metallurgy remains, discovered during the research, undergo specialistic analyses, which will help better characterise the findings as well as contribute to documenting metallurgical processes in the historical bloomeries in Lower Silesia, and moreover to prepare further research in this field.  The material coming from the area of Miedzianka, being the oldest and the longest working exploitation centre of copper ores and pollymetalic ores, is of special significance for the research. Mining activity in the area of Miedzianka took place as early as the beginning of the 14th century, the first record from 1311 (Cuprifodina in montubus) is the oldest information concerning copper mining in Poland

COMPUTER MODELING FOR THE VISUALIZATION AND GEOMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION OF ARTEFACTS FROM THE CASTING WORKSHOP IN GRZYBIANY

The casting workshop in Grzybiany is one of the most important archaeological sites in regards to casting technology from the Bronze and Early Iron Ages. During the “Grzybiany. Osada nadjeziorna z epoki brązu i żelaza” [Grzybiany. Lakeside settlement from the Bronze and Early Iron Ages] research, the structure of casting moulds was analyzed as well as the chemical composition and microstructure of one of the more-interesting metal artefacts found within the workshop. Basedon this, geometric visualization was performed with the help of computer-modeling methods. For scientific, experimental, and educational purposes, reconstruction of a zoomorphic pendant was performed using the lost-wax method. Wax models injected into a matrix were used, along with fired ceramic (gypsum) moulds and a specially prepared modeling alloy that corresponds to the original material. In this way, a true replica of the original was obtained: technologically, structurally and chemically.Studies of production technology of the casting workshop dated back to the Bronze and Early Iron Age help to increase the knowledge of the mould-preparing technology and the alloys used. Modern tools and computer programs aid in the research of old technologies and help disseminatethe results