Cephalometric assesement of the cranio-facial pattern skeletal class III in the period of mixed dentition

Suštinu malokluzije III skeletne klase čini smanjena vrednost ugla koji definiše skeletni sagitalni MVO. Malokluzija III skeletne klase je skeletna disharmonija koja se razvija postepeno, u toku specifičnog razvojnog procesa, pod uticajem genetskih i negenetskih etioloških faktora. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispitaju kranijalni, facijalni i dentalni parametri kod dece sa III skeletnom klasom u doba mešovite denticije. Zatim, da se uporede sa istim parametrima kod dece sa I skeletnom klasom istog uzrasta i odraslih sa III skeletnom klasom. Tako bi se utvrdili relevantni parametri za što raniju dijagnozu ove malokluzije, definisao njen dominantni model u populaciji srpske dece i u skladu sa tim, sačinio predlog ranog terapijskog protokola. ISPITANICI I METOD RADA: Uzorak je formiran metodom slučajnog izbora. Svi ispitanici su imali pisanu saglasnost roditelja, uz predhodno potpuno informisanje, usmeno i u pisanoj formi o ciljevima istraživanja. Svakom ispitaniku načinjen je lateralni kefalometrijski snimak u centralnoj okluziji, standardnom procedurom. Svaki snimak je iscrtan preko paus papira. Najpre su određene relevantne kefalometrijske tačke, prave i ravni, a zatim su sprovedena angularna i linearna merenja iz kefalometrijskih analiza: Bjork, Wits, Chang, Downs, Steiner, Swarz, Tweed. Ispitanici su podeljeni u tri grupe, pri čemu je u svakoj po 50 ispitanika oba pola, koji ranije nisu bili ortodontski lečeni. Prvu grupu čine deca sa mešovitom denticijom (uzrast 6 – 12 godina života) i III skeletnom klasom (ugao ANB < 2°). Drugu grupu čine deca sa mešovitom denticijom (uzrast 6 – 12 godina života) i I skeletnom klasom (ugao ANB = 2° - 4°, ugao SNA = 80° – 82°, ugao SNB = 78° – 80°). Treću grupu čine odrasli ispitanici (uzrast 18 – 26 godina života) sa III skeletnom klasom (ugao ANB < 2°). Ispitanici iz 1. i 2. grupe podeljeni su u podgrupe prema godinama starosti na: a - podgrupa uzrasta od 6 godina – 7 godina i 11 meseci, b - podgrupa uzrasta od 8 godina – 9 godina i 11 meseci i c - podgrupa uzrasta od 10 godina –12 godina. Ispitanici iz 1. i 3. grupe podeljeni su po tipovima malokluzije III skeletne klase, određenim prema poziciji maksile i mandibule u odnosu na kranijalnu bazu na: I tip - maksilarni ortognatizam i mandibularni prognatizam, II tip - maksilarni retrognatizam i mandibularni ortognatizam, III tip - bimaksilarni retrognatizam, IV tip - bimaksilarni prognatizam, V - maksilarni retrognatizam i mandibularni prognatizam i VI tip - bimaksilarni ortognatizam, koji je definisan samo u 1. grupi...The essence of the class III malocclusions is a decreased value of the angle which defines sagittal jaw relationships. This is a skeletal disharmony which develops slowly, during the specific process of the development, under the influence of genetic and non - genetic etiological factors. The AIM of this research is to examine cranial, facial and dental parameters with children with skeletal class III in the period of mixed dentition. Furthermore, to compare them to the parameters of children at the same age, with I class skeletal class and adults with skeletal class III. That is how we can determine relevant parameters for early diagnostic of this malocclusion, define their dominate model in Serbian children population and accordingly, suggest the best early therapeutic treatment protocol. Sample was made by random selection. All the examinees had their parents’ written consent and had been fully informed about the purpose of this research in both aural and written form. Lateral cephalometric images were done in central occlusion using standard procedure for all the patients. Each image was drawn on the tracing paper. First, the relevant cephalometric marks, lines and planes were specified and then the angular and linear measurements from cephalometric analysis were performed: Bjork, Wits, Chang, Downs, Steiner, Swartz, Tweed. The examinees were divided into three groups. Each group consisted of 50 examinees, male and female, with no previous orthodontic treatment. The first group consisted of children with mixed dentition (aged 6 - 12) and skeletal class III (ANB ˂ 2°). The second group consisted of children with mixed dentition (aged 6 - 12 years) and skeletal class I ( ANB = 2° - 4°, SNA = 80° - 82°, SNB = 78° - 80°). The third group consisted of adults (aged 18 - 26) with skeletal class III (ANB ˂ 2 ° ). The examinees from the first and the second group were divided in to two subgroups by their age: a) subgroup aged 6 - 7 and 11 months, b) aged 8 - 9 and 11 months and c) aged 10 - 12. The examinees from the first and the third group were divided by the type of skeletal class III malocclusion determined by the maxillas and mandibles position in comparison with cranial base: I type - maxilla r is orthognat h is m and mandibles prognat his m, II type - maxillas retrognat h ism an d mandibles orthognat h is m , III type - bimaxillar retrognat h is m, IV type - bimaxillar prognat h is m, V type - maxillas retrognat h is m and mandibles prognat h is m and VI type – bimaxillar orth ognat h is m, which was defined only in the first group..

Radiographic cephalometry assessment of the linear and angular parameters on cranial base in children with skeletal class III

Background/Aim. In malocclusion of skeletal class III, mandible is located in front of maxilla in sagital plain, which is manifested by a lower value of the sagital inter-jaw angle than in skeletal class I, where the jaw sagital relation is normal. Apart from the deformities on mandible and/or maxilla, in skeletal class III deformities are also frequent on the cranial base. The aim of this research was to find the differences in the parameter values on the cranial base among the children with skeletal class III and the children with skeletal class I in the period of mixed dentition. Methods. After clinical examination and orthopan-tomography, profile radiography of the head was analyzed in 60 examinees, aged from 6−12 years. The examinees were divided into two groups: group 1 - the children with skeletal class III; group 2 - the children with skeletal class I. Both linear and angular parameters on the cranial base were measured, as well as the angles of maxillary and mandible prognatism and the angle of sagital inter-jaw relation. The level of difference in the parameter values between the groups was estimated and the degree of correlation of the main angle of the cranial base with the angles of sagital position of the jaws in each of the two groups was established. Results. A significant difference between the groups was found only in the average values of the angles of maxillary prognatism and sagital interjaw relation. In the group 1, the main angle of the cranial base was in a significant correlation with the angles of sagital positions of the jaws, while in the group 2, such significance was not found. Conclusion. There were no significant differences in the parameter values on the cranial base between the groups. There was a significant correlation of the main angle of the cranial base with the angles of sagital position of the jaws in the group 1 only.

CANNED MEAT PRODUCTS FOR MEMBERS OF THE SERBIAN ARMED FORCES: Na, K, Ca, AND Mg CONTENT AND HEALTH RISKS/BENEFITS

Macroelements such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg play a significant physiological role, and their inadequate intake has been linked to severe diseases, such as high blood pressure. Data on risk assessment for human health in Serbia, from the intake of these macroelements through the consumption of canned food, are minimal. Therefore, the content of Na, K, Ca, and Mg in five types of canned meat that members of the Serbian Armed Forces regularly use was examined. Macroelements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in cans of beef goulash, pork ragout, spam, liver pate, and meatballs in tomato sauce, which were stored from one month to six years. The sodium content was significantly higher than the potassium content in all types of food, so the Na/K ratio below 1, desirable for good health, was not found in any of the analyzed products. Also, a significant number of samples had an unfavorable Ca/Mg ratio above 1. However, due to the low consumption of canned food by members of the Serbian Armed Forces, its contribution to the average daily intake of macroelements is almost negligible. The concentration of macroelements decreased with the shelf life, while a significant source of Ka and Mg, among analyzed ingredients, was ground red pepper. © 2022 University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture. All Rights Reserved