848 research outputs found
Superfluid drag of two-species Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices
We study two-species Bose-Einstein condensates in quasi two-dimensional
optical lattices of varying geometry and potential depth. Based on the
numerically exact Bloch and Wannier functions obtained using the plane-wave
expansion method, we quantify the drag (entrainment coupling) between the
condensate components. This drag originates from the (short range)
inter-species interaction and increases with the kinetic energy. As a result of
the interplay between interaction and kinetic energy effects, the
superfluid-drag coefficient shows a non-monotonic dependence on the lattice
depth. To make contact with future experiments, we quantitatively investigate
the drag for mass ratios corresponding to relevant atomic species.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted in its original form but minor changes
have been don
Electron-phonon coupling in crystalline organic semiconductors: Microscopic evidence for nonpolaronic charge carriers
We consider electron(hole)-phonon coupling in crystalline organic
semiconductors, using naphthalene for our case study. Employing a
first-principles approach, we compute the changes in the self-consistent
Kohn-Sham potential corresponding to different phonon modes and go on to obtain
the carrier-phonon coupling matrix elements (vertex functions). We then
evaluate perturbatively the quasiparticle spectral residues for electrons at
the bottom of the lowest-unoccupied- (LUMO) and holes at the top of the
highest-occupied (HOMO) band, respectively obtaining and
. Along with the widely accepted notion that the
carrier-phonon coupling strengths in polyacenes decrease with increasing
molecular size, our results provide a strong microscopic evidence for the
previously conjectured nonpolaronic nature of band-like carriers in these
systems.Comment: final, published versio
Inflationary RSII Model with a Matter in the Bulk and Exponential Potential of Tachyon Field
In this paper we study a tachyon cosmological model based on dynamics of a
3-brane in the second Randall-Sundrum (RSII) model extended to include matter
in the bulk. The presence of matter in the bulk changes warp factor which leads
to modification of inflationary dynamics. The additional brane behaves
effectively as a tachyon. We calculate numerically observation parameters of
inflation: the scalar spectral index () and the tensor-to-scalar ratio
() for the exponential potential of tachyon field.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, will be published in the Special Issue of Facta
Universitatis, Series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology devoted to the
SEENET-MTP Balkan Workshop BSW2018 (3-14 June 2018
Numerical Calculation of Hubble Hierarchy Parameters and Observational Parameters of Inflation
We present results obtained by a software we developed for computing
observational cosmological inflation parameters: the scalar spectral index
() and the tensor-to-scalar ratio () for a standard single field and
tachyon inflation, as well as for a tachyon inflation in the second
Randall-Sundrum model with an additional radion field. The calculated numerical
values of observational parameters are compared with the latest results of
observations obtained by the Planck Collaboration. The program is written in
C/C++. The \textit{GNU Scientific Library} is used for some of the numerical
computations and R language is used for data analysis and plots.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, based on talk presented at The 10th Jubilee
Conference of the Balkan Physical Union (BPU10), 26-30 August 2018 (Sofia,
Bulgaria
Incommensurate superfluidity of bosons in a double-well optical lattice
We study bosons in the first excited Bloch band of a double-well optical
lattice, recently realized at NIST. By calculating the relevant parameters from
a realistic nonseparable lattice potential, we find that in the most favorable
cases the boson lifetime in the first excited band can be several orders of
magnitude longer than the typical nearest-neighbor tunnelling timescales, in
contrast to that of a simple single-well lattice. In addition, for sufficiently
small lattice depths the excited band has minima at nonzero momenta
incommensurate with the lattice period, which opens a possibility to realize an
exotic superfluid state that spontaneously breaks the time-reversal,
rotational, and translational symmetries. We discuss possible experimental
signatures of this novel state.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures
Quantum simulation of small-polaron formation with trapped ions
We propose a quantum simulation of small-polaron physics using a
one-dimensional system of trapped ions acted upon by off-resonant standing
waves. This system, envisioned as an array of microtraps, in the
single-excitation case allows the realization of the anti-adiabatic regime of
the Holstein model. We show that the strong excitation-phonon coupling regime,
characterized by the formation of small polarons, can be reached using
realistic values of the relevant system parameters. Finally, we propose
measurements of the quasiparticle residue and the average number of phonons in
the ground state, experimental probes validating the polaronic character of the
phonon-dressed excitation.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
Polymers Based on Renewable Raw Materials ā Part II
A short review of biopolymers based on starch (starch derivatives, thermoplastic starch), lignin and hemicelluloses, chitin (chitosan) and products obtained by degradation of starch and other polysaccharides and sugars (poly(lactic acid), poly(hydroxyalkanoates)), as well as some of their basic properties and application area, are given in this part. The problem of environmental and economic feasibility of biopolymers based on renewable raw materials and their competitiveness with polymers based on fossil raw materials is discussed. Also pointed out are the problems that appear due to the increasing use of agricultural land for the production of raw materials for the chemical industry and energy, instead for the production of food for humans and animals. The optimistic assessments of experts considering the development perspectives of biopolymers based on renewable raw materials in the next ten years have also been pointed out.At the end of the paper, the success of a team of researchers gathered around the experts from the company Bayer is indicated. They were the first in the world to develop a catalyst by which they managed to effectively activate CO - and incorporate it into polyols, used for the synthesis of polyurethanes in semi-industrial scale. By applying this process, for the first time a pollutant will be used as a basic raw material for the synthesis of organic compounds, which will have significant consequences on the development of the chemical industry, and therefore the production of polymers
Rat duodenal motility in vitro: Prokinetic effects of DL-homocysteine thiolactone and modulation of nitric oxide mediated inhibition
Homocysteine is a significant but modifiable risk factor for vascular
diseases. As gastrointestinal smooth musculature is similar to blood vessel
muscles, we investigated how elevated homocysteine levels affect nitric
oxide-mediated neurotransmission in the gut. There is accumulated evidence
that a dysfunction of NO neurons in the myenteric plexus may cause various
diseases in the gastrointestinal tract such as achalasia, diabetic
gastroparesis and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. In the present
study, we aimed to assess the effects of homocysteine on NO-mediated
responses in vitro, and to examine the effects of DL-homocysteine thiolactone
on the spontaneous motility of rat duodenum and nitrergic neurotransmission.
DL-homocysteine thiolactone concentration of 10 Ī¼mol/L leads to the immediate
increase in tone, amplitude and frequency of spontaneous movements in
isolated rat duodenum. L-NAME (30 Ī¼mol/L) leads to an increase in basal tone,
amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions. The relaxations induced
by EFS were significantly reduced in duodenal segments incubated in
DL-homocysteine thiolactone compared with the control group. EFS-induced
relaxations were inhibited by L-NAME in both experimental and control groups.
These results suggest that a high level of homocysteine causes an important
impairment of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic innervation of the rat duodenum.
[Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 175043
Oneāpot synthesis of hydrophobic hydroxyapatite nano particles
A highly hydrophobic oleic acid functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were obtained by the solvothermal method. Water solutions of reactants were added in mixture of oleic acid, triethanolamine and ethanol, which was then treated in Teflon lined autoclave. The chemical composition, size and morphology of as obtained particles were determined using XRD, FT IR, FE SEM and LD PSA. In addition, sintering behaviour and microstructure of prepared material were also examined
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